scholarly journals Role of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis, Treatment, Prediction, and Cellular Transformation of Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Binaya Wasti ◽  
Shao-kun Liu ◽  
Xu-Dong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Prediction ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Asthma is a mysterious disease with heterogeneity in etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical phenotypes. Although ongoing studies have provided a better understanding of asthma, its natural history, progression, pathogenesis, diversified phenotypes, and even the exact epigenetic linkage between childhood asthma and adult-onset/old age asthma remain elusive in many aspects. Asthma heritability has been established through genetic studies, but genetics is not the only influencing factor in asthma. The increasing incidence and some unsolved queries suggest that there may be other elements related to asthma heredity. Epigenetic mechanisms link genetic and environmental factors with developmental trajectories in asthma. This review provides an overview of asthma epigenetics and its components, including several epigenetic studies on asthma, and discusses the epigenetic linkage between childhood asthma and adult-onset/old age asthma. Studies involving asthma epigenetics present valuable novel approaches to solve issues related to asthma. Asthma epigenetic research guides us towards gene therapy and personalized T cell therapy, directs the discovery of new therapeutic agents, predicts long-term outcomes in severe cases, and is also involved in the cellular transformation of childhood asthma to adult-onset/old age asthma.

Charlemagne’s Health in ‘Old Age’: Did It Affect Carolingian Military Strategy?

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-53
Author(s):  
Bernard S. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
The West ◽  
Long Time

During the first thirty-three years of his reign as king of the Franks, i.e., prior to his coronation as emperor on Christmas day 800, Charlemagne, scholars generally agree, pursued a successful long-term offensive and expansionist strategy. This strategy was aimed at conquering large swaths of erstwhile imperial territory in the west and bringing under Carolingian rule a wide variety of peoples, who either themselves or their regional predecessors previously had not been subject to Frankish regnum.1 For a very long time, scholars took the position that Charlemagne continued to pursue this expansionist strategy throughout the imperial years, i.e., from his coronation on Christmas Day 800 until his final illness in later January 814. For example, Louis Halphen observed: “comme empereur, Charles poursuit, sans plus, l’oeuvre entamée avant l’an 800.”2 F. L. Ganshof, who also wrote several studies treating Charlemagne’s army, was in lock step with Halphen and observed: “As emperor, Charlemagne pursued the political and military course he had been following before 25 December 800.”3

scholarly journals The Struggle of Ash—Insights from Long-Term Survey in Latvia

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Ilze Matisone ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Āris Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Local Density ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Long Term Survey

The dieback of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) has dramatically decreased the abundance of the species in Europe; however, tolerance of trees varies regionally. The tolerance of trees is considered to be a result of synergy of genetic and environmental factors, suggesting an uneven future potential of populations. This also implies that wide extrapolations would be biased and local information is needed. Survival of ash during 2005–2020, as well as stand- and tree-level variables affecting them was assessed based on four surveys of 15 permanent sampling plots from an eastern Baltic region (Latvia) using an additive model. Although at the beginning of dieback a relatively low mortality rate was observed, it increased during the 2015–2020 period, which was caused by dying of the most tolerant trees, though single trees have survived. In the studied stands, ash has been gradually replaced by other local tree species, though some recruitment of ash was locally observed, implying formation of mixed broadleaved stands with slight ash admixture. The survival of trees was related to tree height and position within a stand (relative height and local density), though the relationships were nonlinear, indicating presence of critical conditions. Regarding temporal changes, survival rapidly dropped during the first 16 years, stabilizing at a relatively low level. Although low recruitment of ash still implies plummeting economic importance of the species, the observed responses of survival, as well as the recruitment, imply potential to locally improve the survival of ash via management (tending), hopefully providing time for natural resistance to develop.

The long-term consequences of China's “Later, Longer, Fewer” campaign in old age

2021 ◽  
pp. 102664
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Hanming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals Promoting Developmental Potential in Early Childhood: A Global Framework for Health and Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2007
Author(s):  
Verónica Schiariti ◽  
Rune J. Simeonsson ◽  
Karen Hall
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Early Child Development ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Developmental Functioning ◽  
Global Cycles ◽  
Global Initiatives

In the early years of life, children’s interactions with the physical and social environment- including families, schools and communities—play a defining role in developmental trajectories with long-term implications for their health, well-being and earning potential as they become adults. Importantly, failing to reach their developmental potential contributes to global cycles of poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. Guided by a rights-based approach, this narrative review synthesizes selected studies and global initiatives promoting early child development and proposes a universal intervention framework of child-environment interactions to optimize children’s developmental functioning and trajectories.

scholarly journals Effects of 3-year GH replacement therapy on bone mineral density in younger and elderly adults with adult-onset GH deficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Elbornsson ◽  
Galina Götherström ◽  
Celina Franco ◽  
Bengt-Åke Bengtsson ◽  
Gudmundur Johannsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Gh Replacement ◽  
Femur Neck

ObjectiveLittle is known of the effects of long-term GH replacement on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly GH-deficient (GHD) adults.Design/patients/methodsIn this prospective, single-center, open-label study, the effects of 3-year GH replacement were determined in 45 GHD patients >65 years and in 45 younger control GHD patients with a mean age of 39.5 (s.e.m.1.1) years. All patients had adult-onset disease and both groups were comparable in terms of number of anterior pituitary hormonal deficiencies, gender, body mass index, and waist:hip ratio.ResultsThe mean maintenance dose of GH was 0.24 (0.02) mg/day in the elderly patients and 0.33 (0.02) mg/day in the younger GHD patients (P<0.01). The 3 years of GH replacement induced a marginal effect on total body BMC and BMD, whereas femur neck and lumbar (L2–L4) spine BMC and BMD increased in both the elderly and the younger patients. The treatment response in femur neck BMC was less marked in the elderly patients (P<0.05 vs younger group). However, this difference disappeared after correction for the lower dose of GH in the elderly patients using an analysis of covariance. There were no between-group differences in responsiveness in BMC or BMD at other skeletal locations.ConclusionsThis study shows that GH replacement increases lumbar (L2–L4) spine and femur neck BMD and BMC in younger as well as elderly GHD patients. This supports the notion that long-term GH replacement is also useful in elderly GHD patients.

Intensifiers on Tyneside

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Barnfield ◽  
Isabelle Buchstaller
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
First Time

We report on longitudinal changes in the system of intensification in an innovative corpus that spans five decades of dialectal speech. Our analyses allow us — for the first time in a British context — to trace the quantitative development in the variable across four generations. Longitudinal analysis across real and apparent time determines the effect of extralinguistic and intralinguistic variables on intensification in Tyneside and tests to what extent real time data corroborates trends reported from previous apparent time analyses. Long-term competition within the variable manifests itself in distinctive developmental trajectories: expansion — both proportionally within the variable as well as across adjectival categories — tends to follow one of three types of patterns, exemplified, respectively, by really, so and dead. Variant retraction, however, follows only one schema. Importantly, numerical decline in the system does not necessarily go hand in hand with a reduction in breadth of application.

Long-term health investment when people underestimate their adaptation to old age-related health problems

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octave Jokung ◽  
Serge Macé
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Investment ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Anakinra in Adult-Onset Still's Disease: Long-Term Treatment in Patients Resistant to Conventional Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Giampietro ◽  
Meriem Ridene ◽  
Thierry Lequerre ◽  
Nathalie Costedoat Chalumeau ◽  
Zahir Amoura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Adult Onset Still’S Disease ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Still’S Disease ◽  
Still's Disease ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Adult Onset Still's Disease
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