scholarly journals Booming with Speed: High-Speed Rail and Regional Green Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Zixuan Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyan Lin ◽  
Hao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
The Relationship

Exploiting China’s high-speed rail (HSR) as a quasi-natural experiment, we examine the relationship between the HSR connection and green innovation. The opening of HSR can promote green innovation by facilitating the flow of innovation factors. Using the multiperiod difference-in-differences (DID) model, we find that the regional green innovation performance significantly becomes better following the opening of HSR in the local city. Moreover, in examining the specific mechanisms at work, we find evidence that HSR stimulates green patents through increased labor mobility and research capital mobility. Further analyses show that the facilitating effect of HSR is heterogeneous among cities. Our paper sheds new light on the effects of HSR on social welfare in the case of sustainable economy.

scholarly journals Is the High-Speed Rail Opening Environmentally Friendly? Taking the Difference-in-Differences Test in Jiangsu, China

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shijin Wang ◽  
Huiying Zhou ◽  
Guihong Hua
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Central City ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In view of rapid development of high-speed rail, the relationship between high-speed rail and air pollution needs to be tested and determined. Most research studies focused on the impact of high-speed rail on environmental pollution and just viewed high-speed rail as a control variable, which lacked a direct study on this relationship. Also, these rarely involved regional research, which is short of pertinence and insufficient understanding of regional issues. Therefore, based on the difference-in-differences (DID) model which is a natural experiment evaluation method, this study examined the impact of high-speed rail opening on air pollution by using the panel data of Jiangsu province, China, from the year of 2000 to 2017. The empirical results showed that the opening of Jiangsu high-speed rail, which increases cities’ good day significantly by 21.5%, has inhibitory effect on air pollution. Among control variables, there is no inverted “U” relationship between the economic development level and air pollution. Personal income and urbanization significantly improve air pollution, whereas foreign direct investment exacerbates it. And the results are still valid after robustness tests, including trend test and counterfactual test. Moreover, this study explores the relationship between the degree of reducing pollution caused by high-speed rail and the location of cities, which found that the opening of high-speed rail can greatly improve air pollution of areas in central city circle. Finally, it is found that when high-speed rail and other possible pollution items coexist, the improved effect of high-speed rail on air pollution is still obvious. Therefore, in order to exert the mitigating effect of high-speed rail on air pollution, it is necessary to rationally plan high-speed railway lines and develop the high-speed railways in cities closer to Shanghai.

High-Speed Rail Networks, Capacity Investments and Social Welfare

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bracaglia ◽  
Tiziana D'Alfonso ◽  
Alberto Nastasi ◽  
Dian Sheng ◽  
Yulai Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Rail

scholarly journals A study on small-world characteristics of Chinaäó»s high-speed railway networks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Guo Liu ◽  
Kun Hui Ye
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Space Method

The small-world model provides a useful perspective and method to study the topological structure and intrinsic characteristics of high-speed rail networks (HRNs). In this paper, the P-space method is used to examine global and local HRNs in China, meanwhile the adjacency matrix is developed, then the social network analysis and visualization tool UCINET is used to calculate the spatial and attribute data of HRNs at national and local levels in China. The small-world characteristics of whole HRNs are discussed, three networks which have different properties are determined, and a comparative analysis of the small-world effect is detected. Then, the relationship between the construction of high-speed rail and regional development of China is analysed. The results show that: 1) China's HRNs have small average path length ( L ) and large clustering coefficient (C ), representing a typical small-world network; 2) Local HRNs have a certain correlation with economic development. The reasons for the difference of HRNs with respect to characteristics among regions are eventually discussed.

scholarly journals The Buck Stops Where? Federalism, Uncertainty, and Investment in the Brazilian Water and Sanitation Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Plous Kresch
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Total System ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Regulatory Uncertainty ◽  
System Access ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

This paper documents how regulatory uncertainty may undermine public service when different levels of government share a mandate on public service provision. I examine the Brazilian water and sanitation sector, which presents a natural experiment of shared provision between state and municipal companies. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I study a legal reform that clarified the relationship between municipal and state providers and eliminated any takeover threat by state companies. I find that after the reform, municipal companies almost doubled their total system investment, leading to significant increases in system access and decreases in child mortality. (JEL H77, L95, O13, O18, Q53)

scholarly journals Increasing Block Rate Electricity Pricing and Propensity to Purchase Electrical Appliances: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Russia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6954
Author(s):  
Salim Turdaliev
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Residential Electricity ◽  
The Relationship

This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between the increasing-block-rate (IBR) pricing of electricity and the propensity of households to buy major electrical appliances. I use a variation from a natural experiment in Russia that introduced IBR pricing for residential electricity in a number of experimental regions in 2013. The study employs household-level panel data, which records, among others, whether the household has purchased any major electrical appliances during the last three months. Using a difference-in-differences specification, I show that the purchase of major electrical appliances in the regions with IBR pricing has increased by more than 20% (or more than two percentage points). The findings suggest that price-based energy policies may be an effective tool in shaping the behaviour of households.

Regional and Local Economic Effects from Proximity of High-Speed Rail Stations in Japan: Difference-in-Differences and Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetpan Wetwitoo ◽  
Hironori Kato
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Level Analysis

This paper gives empirical evidence about the economic effects of the proximity of high-speed rail (HSR) on regional/local production and labor productivity in Japan. The effects on regional and local scales are analyzed based on a Difference-in-Differences (DID) method and a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The prefecture-level analysis investigates the effect on regional production at the prefecture level from 1981 to 2006 and the municipality-level analysis investigates the effect on the local tax revenue and the tax revenue per capita at the municipality level, particularly focusing on new HSR extensions between 2010 and 2015. The results from both levels showed statistically insignificant estimations of both the DID effect and the Average Treatment effect on the Treated from PSM, which implies that, on average, there is no direct effect from the proximity to HSR services on regional or local production or productivity. One of the potential reasons, the range of the distance from the HSR services at which the impact on the local economy is felt, is discussed. Further analysis showed that the range at which HSR services have an impact on local tax revenue per payer could vary from 10 to 30 km, depending on local characteristics in the location of the HSR station.

scholarly journals Does High-Speed Rail Opening Affect the Health Care Environment?–Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai-Xia Song ◽  
Cui-Xia Qiao ◽  
Jing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
Different Levels

Using the panel data of 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2014, this paper examines the effects of high-speed rail opening on health care environment based on Difference-in-Differences method (DID). Through an empirical analysis, the results proved that high-speed rail opening can significantly promote the health care environment and this effect is different in regions with different levels of economic development. Finally, we tested the mechanisms of how the high-speed rail opening affects the healthcare environment. High-speed rail opening improves the healthcare environment by increasing road accessibility and promoting economic development. Our results support the view that high-speed rail opening has an important contribution to the improvement of health care conditions.

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