scholarly journals The Effects of Different Substrate Combinations on Growth and Yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Charles Muswati ◽  
Kennedy Simango ◽  
Linda Tapfumaneyi ◽  
Moses Mutetwa ◽  
Wonder Ngezimana
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Cotton Waste ◽  
Benefit Cost

This research was aimed at evaluating the effect of mixing substrates on the growth and yield of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). Seven substrates, namely, Trt1 (cotton waste), Trt2 (wheat straw), Trt3 (crushed baobab fruit shells, 100%), Trt4 (cotton husk + wheat straw + crushed baobab fruit shells, 1 : 1 : 1), Trt5 (baobab fruit shells + cotton husks, 1 : 1), Trt6 (baobab fruit shells + wheat straw, 1 : 1), and Trt7 (cotton waste + wheat straw, 1 : 1) were used. Each treatment was replicated 5 times and laid out in a CRD. The duration of developmental stages, yield, and biological efficiency was recorded. Cotton waste demonstrated a significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher mycelial colonization rate taking an average of 18.20 days to complete full spawn run, 23.20 days from spawning to pinhead formation, 2.80 days for pins to mature, and an average of 26.00 days to first harvest. There was a significant ( p < 0.05 ) difference in the total number of pins with cotton waste being the highest with an average of 29.80 pins, although it was not significantly different from Trt4. The highest (5.40 cm) stipe girth was recorded from Trt4 while the highest (5.22 cm) cap diameter was recorded in Trt1. There was a significant ( p < 0.05 ) difference in yield and biological efficiency. Trt1 had the highest (1.292 kg) average yield; however, it was not significantly ( p > 0.05 ) different from that of Trt4 (1.289 kg). From the research, it was observed that mixing substrate can help to increase yield and, as a result, a higher benefit-cost ratio. Therefore, further studies should be done to evaluate the effects of mixing other substrates besides the ones used in this current research.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF BORON ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OFF-SEASON CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS) IN ARGHAKHANCHI, NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Srijana Pandey ◽  
Sapana Parajuli ◽  
Biplov Oli ◽  
Surya Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Different Doses

The research was conducted at Beltari Sandhikharka-10, Arghakhanchi district to study about the effect of various doses of boron on growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) during off-season from February to June in 2020. Five treatments; B0 (control/no application), B1: 2kg/ha, B2: 4kg/ha, B3: 6kg/ha, B4: 8kg/ha which are the different doses of boron application were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant leaf length and leaf breadth of largest leaf were recorded multiple times with 15 days interval. Days to curd initiation and Days from curd initiation to harvest were recorded by regular field observation. The yield parameters; curd weight with leaves, Marketable curd weight, average curd yield, incidence of hollowing were recorded during harvest. The economics from application of boron doses in cauliflower production was obtained in terms of cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns, and benefit cost ratio. The result showed that the growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower were significantly affected by application of boron in which the value of these parameters was found significantly higher in B1 followed by other treatments. The average curd yield of cauliflower in B1 was found to be 12.39 mt/ha which was 48.92% higher than that of B0 with curd yield 8.32 mt/ha. Similarly, the net return was found significantly the highest in B1 and the lowest in B0. The result showed that application of boron in the range of 2-4 kg/ha is preferred to control and higher doses in respect of both productivity and economics.

scholarly journals Effect of different organic manures and fertilizers on growth and yield of knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Md. Anichhul Islam ◽  
Md. Yamin Kabir ◽  
Nubayra Tasnim Shuvra ◽  
Md. Amirul Islam ◽  
Md. Hasibur Rahaman Hera
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different manures and fertilizers on the growth and yield of knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) at Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna from November 2014 to February 2015. The single factor experiment comprised of different types of fertilizers and manures viz., T0 (Control), T1 (Recommended doses of NPK), T2 (Cow dung), T3 (Vermicompost), T4 (Poultry manure), T5 (50 % Cow dung + 50 % NPK), T6 (50% Vermicompost + 50% Cow dung), T7 (50% Vermicompost + 50 % Poultry manure) and T8 (25% Cow dung+ 25% Vermicompost+ 25% Poultry manure + 25% NPK). The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The maximum plant height was obtained from the treatment T1 at 25, 35 and 45 Days after transplanting (DAT). The maximum spread of canopy was 36.75 cm, 52.50 cm and 66.05 cm from the treatment T3, T7 and T2, respectively. The maximum economic yield (21.92 t/ha) and biological yield (40.083 t/ha) were found in the treatment T1 and T7, respectively. Highest benefit cost ratio (3.07) was obtained from the treatment T1whilethe minimum (0.57) was obtained from T3 which indicates that high cost of vermicompost affect net return severely. Although, T1 produced maximum benefit cost ratio, the treatment T4 and T2 are very close to T1 and also statistically similar. So, we can consider poultry manure and cow dung for our soil health, environmental benefits and ecological safety.

scholarly journals ROLE OF FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATION ON YIELD OF PULSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Hada ◽  
L.S. Gurjar ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
C.B.S. Jatav
Keyword(s):  
Green Gram ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Improved Technology ◽  
Extension Gap

A study was conducted during kharif and rabi season in seven villages of Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh, India during 2014-15. A total No. of 24 demonstrations on green gram and chickpea were conducted in area of 10 ha. by the active participation of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the improved technologies of pulses production potential. The improved technologies including use of improved variety, seed treatment, balanced nutrient application and integrated pest management. The average yield of pulses under demonstration [green gram (691kg/ha) and chickpea (1582kg/ha)] were much higher than as compared to average yield of farmer’s practices [green gram (533kg/ha) and chickpea (1345kg/ha)]. The average percentage increased in yield over farmer’s practices was 29.64 and 17.62 for green gram and chickpea, respectively. In spite of increasing in yield of pulses, technological gap, extension gap and technology index existed. The improved technology gave higher gross return, net return with higher benefit cost ratio as compared to farmer’s practices.

Quantifying Yield Gap Minimization in Chickpea under Cluster Front Line Demonstration conducted in Indo Gangetic Plains of Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
MANDHATA SINGH ◽  
DEOKARAN DWIVEDI ◽  
ARIF PARWEZ
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Yield Gap Analysis

Yield gap of chickpea will be minimized by implementation of suitable location specific agro techniques with timely and careful management. On farm cluster frontline demonstration (CFLD) on chickpea were conducted during rabi season of 2015-16 to 2017-18 in Buxar district of Bihar. CFLD was conducted in 20 ha area each with plot size of 0.40 ha (1 acre) with active participation of 50 farmers in two clusters. CFLD was conducted to popularize the demonstrated technology and quantifying the yield gap analysis in chickpea. Demonstrated technology under CFLD enhanced the plant growth and yield attributes. Seed yield of chickpea was recorded higher under CFDL (15.51 q/ha) compared to farmers practice (11.81 q/ha) which was 31.32% higher over farmers practice, 40.81% higher over district yield (11.04 q/ha) and 42.81% higher over state yield (10.86 q/ha). Technology gap was recorded 2.75, 2.50 and 2.20 q/ha in year 2015-16, 16-17 and 17-18, respectively. Extension gap was recorded 3.83, 4.05 and 3.20 q/ha during 2015-16, 16-17 and 17-18, respectively. Technology index was recorded 23.75, 22.50 and 21 % during 2015-16, 16-17 and 17-18, respectively. Average net return of Rs 45700 was recorded in demonstration and Rs 29497 in farmers practice. The net return under demonstration was 54.93 % higher over farmers practice. Average benefit cost ratio of 1.73 recorded with demonstration and 1.15 with farmer’s practice.

Effect of Different Levels and Time of Application of Paclobutrazol on Morphology, Yield and Yield Attributing Characters and Economics of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhrasini Lenka ◽  
Susanta Kumar Swain ◽  
Kartik Chandra Pradhan ◽  
Arabinda Dhal
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Groundnut is one of the most important oilseed crops of Odisha and grown in both in kharif and rabi-summer seasons. Because of excessive vegetative growth in kharif season, the yield potential is lower than rabi-summer resulting in low yield. Keeping this in view, an experiment was set up to investigate the effect of different concentration and time of paclobutrazol application on growth and yield of groundnut.Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2016 to 2018 at AICRP on Groundnut Research Farm, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with different concentration of paclobutrazol in main plot and time of application in sub plot and replicated thrice. Recommended dose of 20:40:40 kg of N, P2O5 and K2O entirely applied as basal. Yield and yield attributing characters were taken at the time of harvest.Conclusion: Application of paclobutrazol at different concentration significantly reduced groundnut plant height and significant reduction was observed with application at 30 DAE. Among various yield attributing characters; pod/plant and pod yield increased significantly (24.6% and 27.4%, respectively) with application of paclobutrazol @ 100 ppm with higher benefit cost ratio of 1.97 and upto (8.4% and 17.5%) with application at 30 DAE.

scholarly journals Effects of urea and cowdung on growth and yield of carrot

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Mehedi ◽  
M A Siddique ◽  
Sonia B Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Different Levels

A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer and organic cowdung manure on growth and yield of carrot. Three different levels of urea along with three different levels of cowdung were employed in the investigation following randomized complete block design. The result revealed that the application of 150 kg N ha-1 as urea was found suitable for maximum gross and marketable yield (47.35 t ha-1 and 39.0 t ha-1, respectively), while 15 t cowdung ha-1 showed better gross and marketable yield (38.13 t ha-1 and 30.42 t ha-1 , respectively). Regarding the combined effect, the combination of 150 kg N ha-1 and 15 t cowdung ha-1 resulted in the best performance in gross and marketable yields (51.22 t ha-1 and 43.41 t ha-1, respectively). The net return (TK. 211142 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (4.61) were maximum in the treatment combination of 150 kg N ha-1 in the form of urea and 15 t cowdung ha-1.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12012J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 9–13, 2012

scholarly journals Effect of Potassium Fertilization on Growth and Yield Attributes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crop in an Inceptisol

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Kumar Rishi Ranjan ◽  
Y. V. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Benefit Cost

A pot experiment was designed for two consecutive years of (2018 and 2019) to investigate the effect of optimal use of potassium fertilizer by applying at different rates 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg K kg-1 10 kg pot-1 soil. Rice cv. HUR-36 (Malaviya Dhan-36)] crop was transplanted by maintaining four seedlings in each pot and potassium fertilization effect on plant growth and yield attributes of rice was recorded. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments viz., T1: absolute control (0:0:0), T2: 60:30:0 mg kg-1, T3: 60:30:10 mg kg-1, T4: 60:30:20 mg kg-1, T5: 60:30:30 mg kg-1, T6: 60:30:40 mg kg-1 and T6: 60:30:50 mg kg-1 corresponding to 120, 60, 60 (N:P2O5: K2O) kg ha-1. The experiment was conducted in triplicate. The data pertaining to experiment revealed that plant height, effective no. of tillers, chlorophyll content and grain and straw yield were significantly increased as the scheduled rates of potassium fertilizer application increases. In treatment T5 receiving 60:30:30 mg kg-1, potassium was general recommendation but due to intensive cropping of rice, mining of K was noticed. Therefore, increased dose of potassium should be recommended to maintain the replenishment of K in soil system and other side benefit cost ratio should not affect negatively. The treatment received extra doses of T6 to T7 (60:30:50 mg kg-1) showed highest growth in plant and yield of rice but in steady state which is not beneficial economically. Hence, in T7 benefit cost ratio will be poor. In the present experiment, T6 maintains all fulfillment of K whether in plant or soil system.

COMPETITIVENESS OF HORSE PURSLANE (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) WITH GROWTH AND YIELD OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-330
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Benefit Cost

Cotton crop is an important, cash and fiber crop of Pakistan. Its raw material and other products are exported to other countries. Horse purslane is one of major weed responsible for yield reduction. Research trial was carried out at MNS University of Agriculture Multan during Kharif, 2018 to compare the effect of horse purslane on cotton growth and yield. The study was conducted using the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were; plots maintained horse purslane free for whole season, for 30 days after sowing (DAS) and for 60 DAS, horse purslane and other weeds free for whole season, for 30 DAS and for 60 DAS, weedy check (containing horse purslane only), weedy check (containing all weeds except the horse purslane) and weedy check (all weeds including horse purslane). Weed density and dry bimass, crop growth and yield related parameters were recorded following standard procedures. Horse purslane reduced the height of cotton plants by 26.51%, crop growth rate by 28.44%, total dry matter 28.46% and lint yield by 45%. Treatment having horse purslane and other weeds free for whole season performed best in experiment. Highest benefit cost ratio (1.70) was observed for plots that were kept free from horse purslane and other weeds till 60 DAS.

scholarly journals Effect of different spawn seed on growth and varieties of the oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Farida Akter ◽  
Kamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Nuruddin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Pleurotus Florida ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Variety Effect ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The effect of different spawn seed on different variety show significant effect on mycelia running rate of oyster mushroom that reduced the required days to complete mycelium running in the spawn packet compared to the sawdust alone. Effect of different spawn seed on different variety found to be significant in yield contributing characters and yield of oyster mushroom with some extent. The highest biological yield, economic yield, dry yield, biological efficiency (BE) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) 264.9g, 259.3g, 25.17g, 86.90, 9.11% respectively was observed in maize based spawn seed on the Pleurotus florida variety. Effect of different spawn seed on different variety has a profound effect on chemical composition of oyster mushroom. Considering all the parameters in this experiment, maize based spawn seed on the Pleurotus florida variety is found promising for lowering the cost of production as well as increasing the yield and quality of fruiting body. Wheat based spawn seed on the Pleuorotus ostreatus variety may be the fair choice. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 181-192, August 2019

scholarly journals Productivity and economic efficiency of sugarcane cultivation under intercropping system with potato and mungbean

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
Md. Shariful Islam ◽  
M. Obaidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Research Institute

Sugarcane is an important cash-cum-industrial crop of Bangladesh and mainly cultivated in north-western part of the country where different intercropping systems are available. The experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) farm, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh in two successive years viz. 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 to investigate the profitability of sugarcane (cv. Isd 37) with potato (cv. Cardinal) and mungbean (cv. BINA mung5) as successive intercrops. Two factors included in the experiment viz. Factor A: Row to row distance of sugarcane such as 80 cm (S1), 100 cm (S2) and 120 cm (S3) where potato and Mungbean were intercropped. Factor B: Cutting of sugarcane leaf such as cutting of leaves (C1) and No cutting of leaves (C2). The experiment was laid out following randomize complete block design. For sugarcane cultivation BSRI technique and for intercropping the cultivation systems indicated by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute were followed. The cane yield and sugar yield were the highest at 100 cm row to row spacing (RRS) of sugarcane (non-leaf cutting = C0) intercropped with 2 rows (2R) of potato followed by 2R of mungbean (S2C0). The lowest yield of sugarcane was found at 80 RRS (C0) with one row (1R) of potato and 1R of mungbean (S1C0). The effect of light interception on growth and yield of first intercrop (potato) was insignificant but significant for second intercrop. The highest yield of potato tuber was 15.28 t ha–1 in S5 (sole potato) followed by 10.85 t ha–1 in S3C1 (sugarcane under leaf cutting at RRS 120 cm with 3R of potato followed by 3R of mungbean). For the yield of mungbean (2nd intercrop), light interception ratio (%) was significantly lowest in (S3C1) where sugarcane RRS was 120 cm with 3R of potato followed by 3R of mungbean under leaf non-cutting (C0) of sugarcane. The highest adjusted cane yield (170.66 t ha–1), benefit cost ratio (3.49) and LER (2.33) were observed in sugarcane at RRS 120 cm with 3R of potato followed by 3R of mungbean (S3C1). Results of both years indicated that intercrops gave higher land equivalent ratio and net return over sole sugarcane planted while sole sugarcane gave maximum benefit cost ratio compared with other intercrops. Finally, on the basis of results it may be concluded that sugarcane transplanted at RRS at 120 cm with 3R potato followed by 3R of mungbean can be grown as intercrops for higher economic return. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 429–436, December 2018

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