scholarly journals Gastroprotective Effect of Polypeptide-K Isolated from Momordica charantia’s Seeds on Multiple Experimental Gastric Ulcer Models in Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nurul ’Ain Abu Bakar ◽  
Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah ◽  
Vuanghao Lim ◽  
Yoke Keong Yong
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Mucus Secretion ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Gastroprotective Effect ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Pyloric Ligation

Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disorder and is the most significant public health concern nowadays. Previous study showed that essential oil extracted from Momordica charantia’s seed exhibited gastroprotective effect. However, the evidence for the gastroprotective effect of its active compound, polypeptide K (PPK), remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the preventive effect of PPK against different experimental gastric lesions models in rats. The possible gastroprotective effect of PPK was assessed in hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in Sprague Dawley rats and was further evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Pyloric ligation experiments were used to investigate gastric secretion. Oral administration of PPK at all concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) showed significant p < 0.05 reduction in total area of lesion in both hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The highest inhibition rate was seen in PPK dose of 50 mg/kg with 64.9% and 72.2% on hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin models, respectively. Microscopically, PPK preserved the normal architectures of the gastric tissues from being damaged by hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin. Further, in the pyloric ligation studies, PPK significantly p < 0.05 decreased the ulcer area where the highest protection was exhibited by 50 mg/kg with 70% inhibition rate. Moreover, all concentrations of PPK also significantly p < 0.05 enhanced the gastric wall mucus secretion. Collectively, this study demonstrated the gastroprotective effect of PPK on hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The possible mechanism might be associated with enhanced mucus secretion and thus lowering the total acidity.

Gastroprotective Effect of an Ethanolic Extract from Neoglaziovia variegata (Arruda) Mez (Bromeliaceae) in Rats and Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Danniele F. Machado ◽  
Francilene V. Silva ◽  
Hélio B. Fernandes ◽  
Flávia Franceli B. P. Freitas ◽  
Daniel D. R. Arcanjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Gastroprotective Effect ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Rats And Mice

This study investigates the gastroprotective effect of a crude ethanolic extract of Neoglaziovia variegata (Arruda) Mez (Bromeliaceae), designated Nv-EtOH, in experimental models of gastric ulcer. In the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, Nv-EtOH showed gastroprotection at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) (57.0% and 79.7%, respectively). Nv-EtOH also significantly reduced the formation of gastric lesions induced by ethanol/HCl (31.6% and 63.5%), ibuprofen (70.0% and 74.3%), or ischemia/reperfusion in rats (65.0% and 87.0%) at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW when compared with the vehicle group. In the antioxidant activity assessment, Nv-EtOH (400 mg/kg BW) increased the catalase activity and sulfhydryl groups (SH) levels, respectively. Moreover, gastroprotection against ethanol damage was decreased after ibuprofen pretreatment. Nv-EtOH (400 mg/kg BW) promoted a significant increase in the content of gastric wall mucus. The Nv-EtOH effect was significantly reduced in mice pretreated with NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) or glibenclamide, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and KATP channel activation, respectively, suggesting the involvement of these mechanisms in the Nv-EtOH-induced gastroprotective effect. Nv-EtOH decreased the total acidity, but did not modify other gastric juice parameters. Nv-EtOH was also effective in promoting the healing process in chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in rats.

scholarly journals Gastric Intramural Hematoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Dhawan ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed ◽  
Richard N Fedorak
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Intramural Hematoma ◽  
Ulcer Disease

Intramural hematoma of the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon occurrence, with the majority being localized to the esophagus or duodenum. Hematoma of the gastric wall is very rare, and has been described most commonly in association with coagulopathy, peptic ulcer disease, trauma, and amyloid-associated microaneurysms. A case of massive gastric intramural hematoma, secondary to anticoagulation therapy, and a gastric ulcer that was successfully managed with conservative therapy, is presented. A literature review of previously reported cases of gastric hematoma is also provided.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Wild Rat Crown Incisor as an Indicator of Lead (Pb) Exposure Using Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Laser Ablation ICP-MS

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Andrew Kataba ◽  
Shouta M. M. Nakayama ◽  
Hokuto Nakata ◽  
Haruya Toyomaki ◽  
Yared B. Yohannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Inductively Couple Plasma ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Incisor ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pb Exposure

Lead (Pb) is a metal toxicant of great public health concern. The present study investigated the applicability of the rat incisor in Pb exposure screening. The levels of lead in teeth (Pb-T) in the crown and root of incisors in laboratory Pb-exposed Sprague Dawley rats were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The crown accumulated much Pb-T than the root of the Sprague Dawley rat incisor. The levels of lead in blood (Pb-B) were positively correlated with the Pb-T in the crown and root incisors of the Sprague Dawley rats. As an application of the Pb-T crown results in experimental rats, we subsequently analyzed the Pb-T in the crown incisors of Pb-exposed wild rats (Rattus rattus) sampled from residential sites within varying distances from an abandoned lead–zinc mine. The Pb-T accumulation in the crown of incisors of R. rattus rats decreased with increased distance away from the Pb–Zn mine. Furthermore, the Pb-T was strongly correlated (r = 0.85) with the Pb levels in the blood. Laser ablation ICP-MS Pb-T mappings revealed a homogenous distribution of Pb in the incisor with an increased intensity of Pb-T localized in the tip of the incisor crown bearing an enamel surface in both Sprague Dawley and R. rattus rats. These findings suggest that Pb-T in the crown incisor may be reflective of the rat’s environmental habitat, thus a possible indicator of Pb exposure.

scholarly journals Optimized Self-Nanoemulsifying Delivery System Based on Plant-Derived Oil Augments Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protective Effects Against Experimentally Induced Gastric Lesions

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582110012
Author(s):  
Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin ◽  
Usama A. Fahmy ◽  
Hibah M. Aldawsari ◽  
Osama A. A. Ahmed ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Mucosal Defect ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 200

Peptic ulcer disease is an injury of the alimentary tract that leads to a mucosal defect reaching the submucosa. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural potent antioxidant, has been known as a gastroprotective drug yet its low bioavailability may restrict its therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to formulate and optimize ALA using a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) with a size of nano-range, enhancing its absorption and augmenting its gastric ulcer protection efficacy. Three SNEDDS components were selected as the design factors: the concentrations of the pumpkin oil (X1, 10–30%), the surfactant tween 80 (X2, 20–50%), and the co-surfactant polyethylene glycol 200 (X3, 30–60%). The experimental design for the proposed mixture produced 16 formulations with varying ALA-SNEDDS formulation component percentages. The optimized ALA-SNEDDS formula was investigated for gastric ulcer protective effects by evaluating the ulcer index and by the determination of gastric mucosa oxidative stress parameters. Results revealed that optimized ALA-SNEDDS achieved significant improvement in gastric ulcer index in comparison with raw ALA. Histopathological findings confirmed the protective effect of the formulated optimized ALASNEDDS in comparison with raw ALA. These findings suggest that formulation of ALA in SNEDDS form would be more effective in gastric ulcer protection compared to pure ALA.

Biomarkers of Stress in Music Interventions: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Mitsui Wong ◽  
Talha Tahir ◽  
Michael Mitsui Wong ◽  
Annilee Baron ◽  
Rachael Finnerty
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
P Values ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Psychological stress is a significant public health concern as it is associated with various comorbidities and long-term health implications. Music interventions are emerging therapies for alleviating psychological stress and improving one’s physical and mental well-being. We conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement guidelines for reporting to identify all neuroendocrine biomarkers used to evaluate psychological stress in randomized control trials involving music interventions. We identified 18 unique biomarkers of stress from 14 full-text randomized controlled trials studies. Only one of the 14 music studies included a music therapy intervention. The most frequently used biomarkers across the studies were plasma cortisol, salivary cortisol, and salivary α-amylase. Of the 14 studies, 12 included in this review assessed at least one of these three biomarkers. Of these 12 studies, five papers reported p-values for changes in both stress biomarkers and psychological stress outcome measures. Four of the five studies found significant p-values for the reduction of both stress biomarkers and psychological stress in music intervention groups. The variety of stress biomarkers used and the variance in study protocols makes it difficult to assess the magnitude of effect of music interventions on psychological stress. However, our findings suggest that music interventions have the potential for reducing both stress biomarker levels and psychological stress in acute stress situations.

Role of duodenal reflux in nonglandular gastric ulcer disease of the mature horse

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S29) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN M. BERSCHNEIDER ◽  
A. T. BLIKSLAGER ◽  
M. C. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Duodenal Reflux

scholarly journals Association of Living Arrangement Conditions and Socioeconomic Differentials with Anemia Status among Women in Rural Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghose Bishwajit ◽  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Shangfeng Tang ◽  
Akmal Hossain ◽  
Yang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Differentials

In Bangladesh, iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia and remains a significant public health concern. Being a high anemia prevalent country, numerous efforts have been made to confront the issue especially among women and children by both local and international actors. Though the situation has substantially improved in recent years, a staggering number of adult women are currently living with anemia. The etiology of anemia is a multifactorial problem and has been proposed to be associated with various household, societal, economic, cultural factors apart from dietary habits. However, evidence regarding the household arrangements and socioeconomic determinants of anemia is scarce, especially in the context of Bangladesh. To this end, we utilized the 2011 demographic and health survey data to explore the association between anemia status and selected demographic, socioeconomic, and household characteristics. Our result showed significant correlation of anemia with both sociodemographic and household characteristics. Among the sociodemographic variables the following were found to be significantly associated with anemia status: age (p=0.014; OR = 1.195; 95% CI = 1.036–1.378) and microcredit membership (p=0.014; OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.037–1.386). Regarding the household arrangements, women utilizing biomass fuel for cooking (p<0.019; OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 0.981–2.460) were more likely to be anemic.

scholarly journals Nonhealing Gastric Ulcer Due to Mesh Eroding Through Gastric Wall

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e82-e83
Author(s):  
Ramprasad Jegadeesan ◽  
Tharani Sundararajan ◽  
Scott W. Grisolano
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Wall

The Scope and Impact of a Novel, Urban, Rapid Patient Interhospital Transfer System to Improve Neuroemergent Care: The Design and Development of the Neuroemergency Transfer Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John S ◽  
◽  
Woodward J ◽  
Keegan KC ◽  
Tchalukov K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Facility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Transfer Time ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Patient Transfers ◽  
Interhospital Transfer ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Public Health

Background: Access to neuroemergent care in the United States represents a significant public health concern, with limited neurosurgery and/ or neurocritical care coverage in both rural and urban settings. Inadequate access to neuroemergent providers, even in urban settings, may result in prolonged patient transfer time, associated neurological decline and translate into increased morbidity and mortality. Methods: A single center retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of interhospital patient transfers to a neuroscience ICU between 2008-2018 was performed. Results: 9637 patients were included for analysis. A substantial increase in transfer requests were observed, 610 to 1221 from 2008 to 2018 respectively, with concurrent increase in the number and geographic distribution of referral centers. Ultimately, 7726 (80.2%) patients were discharged home or to outpatient or acute rehabilitation while 1820 (18.9%) were discharged to a long-term acute care facility (LTAC), hospice, or expired during the index admission. The leading diagnoses for transfer were: 1. intracerebral hemorrhage, 2. subarachnoid hemorrhage, 3. ischemic stroke, 4. subdural hematoma and 5. brain tumor. Transfer from an ED or ICU constituted 93.3% of requests. Mean total transfer time between 2012-2018 was < 155 minutes annually (range 128-155 minutes). In 2018, 91.5% of patients had health insurance with 68.7% covered by some form of Medicaid or Medicare. Conclusions: The ongoing evolution and overall success of the NTP draws chiefly from the designation of an easily accessible central operator to orchestrate transfer, establishing a network of community referral centers and optimization of regional patient transportation - all with the solitary goal of improving patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Medication Errors: Scope and prevention strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Brunetti ◽  
Dong-Churl Suh
Keyword(s):  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Error Prevention ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Medication errors are a significant public health concern.  Although significant advances have been made, errors are still relatively common and represent an opportunity for healthcare improvement.Methodology/Principal Findings: Since the publication of To Err is Human, medication errors have been under tremendous scrutiny.  Organizations have moved towards a non-punitive approach to evaluating errors.  This approach to medication errors has aided in identifying common pathways to medication errors and improving understanding regarding the anatomy of a medication error.  As a result, prevention strategies have been developed to target common themes contributing to errors.  Error prevention strategies may target common contributors of medication errors, broadly grouped as performance lapses, lack of knowledge, and lack or failure of safety systems.  Strategies to thwart medication errors range from process improvement to integration of technology in the health care environment.Conclusions/Significance:  Organizations should devote resources to address medication error prevention strategies in an effort to improve patient outcomes and decrease morbidity and mortality associated with medication errors.

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