scholarly journals Numerical Modeling the Flood and Pollutant Transport Processes in Residential Areas with Different Land Use Types

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shulin Fang ◽  
Yongpeng Ji ◽  
Mingliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pollutant Transport ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Computational Accuracy ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution

Large-scale flooding causes widespread disaster, and harmful pollutant concentration in water following flood affects public safety and the environment. In this study, a numerical model for solving the 2D shallow water equations and the solute transport equation is proposed to simulate overland flood and pollutant transport caused by floods. The present model is verified by comparing the predictions with the analytical solutions and simulation results; sufficiently high computational accuracy is achieved. The model is also used to simulate flood inundation and pollution spread in the area of Hun and Taizi Lane (HTL) in China due to river dike breaches; the results show that the coupling model has excellent performance for simulating the flooding process and the temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants in urban or rural areas. We use remote sensing techniques to acquire the land coverage in the area of HTL based on Landsat TM satellites. The impacts of changed land use on mitigation of flooding waves and pollutant spread are investigated; the results indicate that the land cover changes have an obvious influence on the evolution process of flood waves and pollutant transport in the study areas, where the transport of pollutants is very dynamic during flood inundation in HTL area. Furthermore, the motion of pollutants considering anisotropic diffusion is more reasonable than that due to isotropic dispersion in simulating pollutant transport associated with the flood in urban or farmland environments.

scholarly journals Human and Climate Effects on the Hamoun Wetlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Maleki ◽  
Saeid Soltani Koupaei ◽  
Alireza Soffianian ◽  
Sassan Saatchi ◽  
Saeid Pourmanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Climate Effects

Abstract Negative impacts of climate change on ecosystems have been increasing, and both the intensification and the mitigation of these impacts are strongly linked with human activities. Management and reduction of human-induced disturbances on ecosystems can mitigate the effects of climate change and enhance the ecosystem recovery process. Here, we investigate coupled human and climate effects on the wetland ecosystem of the lower Helmand basin from 1977 to 2014. Using time series climate-variable data and land-use changes from Landsat time series imagery, we compared changes in ecosystem status between the upstream and downstream regions. Results show that despite a strong and prolonged drought in the region, the upstream region of the lower Helmand basin remained dominated by agriculture, causing severe water stress on the Hamoun wetlands downstream. The loss of available water in wetlands was followed by large-scale land abandonment in rural areas, migration to the cities, and increasing unemployment and economic hardship. Our results suggest that unsustainable land-use policies in the upstream region, combined with synergistic effects of human activities and climate in lower Helmand basin, have exacerbated the effects of water stress on local inhabitants in the downstream region.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LAND-USE DISTRIBUTION AND RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS: THE CASE OF MIXED ARAB-JEWISH CITIES IN ISRAEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran GOLDBLATT ◽  
Itzhak OMER
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Spatial Policy

The emergence of GIS and the availability of high resolution geographic data have improved our ability to investigate the residential segregation in cities and to identify the temporal changes of the spatial phenomena. Using GIS, we have quantitatively and visually analyzed the correspondence between land-use distribution and Arab residential patterns and their changes in the period between 1983 and 2008 in five mixed Arab-Jewish Israeli cities. Results show a correspondence between the dynamics of Arab/Jewish residential patterns and the spatial distribution of various land-uses. Arab residential patterns diffused faster towards areas with relatively inferior land-uses than towards areas with more attractive land-uses, in which a gentrification process occurred. Moreover, large-scale non-residential land-uses act as spatial partitions that divide between Arab and Jewish residential areas. Understanding the association between the urban environment and residential patterns can help in formulating an appropriate social and spatial policy concerning planning of land-uses and design of the built environment in mixed cities.

scholarly journals Enhancement of large-scale flood risk assessments using building-material-based vulnerability curves for an object-based approach in urban and rural areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1703-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Englhardt ◽  
Hans de Moel ◽  
Charles K. Huyck ◽  
Marleen C. de Ruiter ◽  
Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Coarse Information ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract. In this study, we developed an enhanced approach for large-scale flood damage and risk assessments that uses characteristics of buildings and the built environment as object-based information to represent exposure and vulnerability to flooding. Most current large-scale assessments use an aggregated land-use category to represent the exposure, treating all exposed elements the same. For large areas where previously only coarse information existed such as in Africa, more detailed exposure data are becoming available. For our approach, a direct relation between the construction type and building material of the exposed elements is used to develop vulnerability curves. We further present a method to differentiate flood risk in urban and rural areas based on characteristics of the built environment. We applied the model to Ethiopia and found that rural flood risk accounts for about 22 % of simulated damage; rural damage is generally neglected in the typical land-use-based damage models, particularly at this scale. Our approach is particularly interesting for studies in areas where there is a large variation in construction types in the building stock, such as developing countries.

scholarly journals Overview of the Rural Agrarian Landscapes and Evolution of Their Types in Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Jolanta Valčiukienė ◽  
Virginija Atkocevičienė ◽  
Daiva Juknelienė
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Factors Influencing

The forms and types of residential areas are conditioned by historical and socio-economic conditions of the country. Development of industrial relations have evolved and accommodation system in rural areas. Tenure and land-use changes played the most important role in the development of rural land. Modern rural residential areas formed under the influence of certain particularities characteristic to one or the other region of the country. The article analyzes five major periods of landscape development, land reform factors which had influence on residential areas formation, as well as the problem of decay of residential areas and the factors influencing the development of existing settlements.

Contemporary Agriculture and Rural Land Use

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Aileen Duram ◽  
J. Clark Archer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
North America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Rural Land Use

The Contemporary Agriculture and Rural Land Use (CARLU) Specialty Group was organized in 1985 (Napton 1989) to provide a forum for researchers who identify, describe, and explain the geographical patterns of agricultural activity and rural land use. Indeed, rural and agricultural geographers study many aspects of rural land use, including rural settlement, rural environmental management, the globalization of primary industries (i.e. agriculture, forestry, and mining), and also utilize spatial technologies for rural systems analysis. The various dimensions, consequences and policy implications of long-term sustainability of rural landscapes in industrialized, capitalist countries and particularly in North America, have been matters of special attention (Pierce 1994; Troughton 1995; Ilbery 1998). The early Jeffersonian ideal of a nation populated predominately by rural freeholders remains a popular and persistent theme in American culture. The country craft motifs of cows, chickens, and apples adorn many urban kitchens. Nearly all children know Laura Ingalls Wilder’s popular stories about a Farmer Boy (Wilder 1933) or a Little House on the Prairie (Wilder 1935). But the agrarian conditions Wilder describes in these stories near the start of the twentieth century bear little resemblance to the conditions faced by farmers in rural areas at the start of the twenty-first century due to social and agricultural change (Bell 1989; Baltensperger 1991; Roberts 1996; Lang et al. 1997; Lawrence 1997). Likewise, the quaint scenes of chickens and pigs printed on paper towels do not hint at current environmental and social concerns with large-scale livestock production in the US (Furuseth 1997; Hart and Mayda 1997). In many ways these historically imbedded ideals clash with the current reality of rural areas. Rural and agricultural researchers provide insight into how rural North America evolved to look like it does today. Their research helps describe the cultural, economic, environmental, political, and social forces that influenced and continue to influence rural places. This research often suggests what alternatives are available for rural areas in the future. Following the introduction, this chapter is organized according to four main research themes: rural regions, agricultural location theory, rural land-use change, and agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Spatial injustice in the formation of land use territories in united communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
O. L. Popova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The author revealed the injustices in the territories formation of the united territorial communities (UTC) under the local self-government reform, which are manifested in different, uneven volumes of their land use and the resource basis in general for local socio-economic development. The methodological approach used by the authorities in determining the capacity of united communities in their formation (in terms of compliance with the criteria – the area and the population density), led to the fact that in rural areas with low population density they had to form large UTCs to reach specific parameters by population. The hypothesis that territorially large UTCs are capable is ambiguous: on the one hand, land tenure and land use is a resource for socio-economic development of communities, on the other – in a large area the cost of providing essential services to the population in remote villages increases together with the administrative and other costs. Paper proves that large-scale rural UTCs should become objects of the state support as the “rural areas in unfavourable conditions” under the State Strategy for Regional Development for 2021–2027. The author justifies injustices in the centralization of powers on disposal of land resources. The land decentralization as a transfer of relevant powers to UTC local governments will be finally completed, according to the Decree of the President of Ukraine “On some measures to accelerate reforms in the field of land relations” № 449 from 15.10.2020, which will contribute to orderliness in this area and filling local budgets. It is also advisable within the UTCs to give internal communities the right to dispose of their economic territory’s land resources in these communities’ interests. The paper shows discriminatory aspects of administrative reformatting of 120 voluntarily formed and functioning UTCs, according to the Government’s long-term plans for 2020: by recognizing them as insufficiently capable, they should join other communities or unite into larger UTCs.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY ON THE TRANSFER OF AGRICULTURAL LAND FUNCTIONS TO RESIDENTIAL AREA IN WEST LOMBOK REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Emi Salmah ◽  
Sahri ◽  
Lukman Hakim ◽  
Masrun ◽  
Suprianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Residential Areas

In certain cases, the conversion of paddy fields is unavoidable. Nevertheless, the change in land use must consider various aspects of the feasibility of development, both legal aspects, physical aspects of the area, the environment and others.The objectives are to, analyze the implementation of the policy on the transfer of agricultural land into residential areas, and analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of the policy. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, using primary and secondary data. Data collection methods are interviews, in-depth (Indep interview) and direct discussion or Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation and literature review. The results of the study indicate that the activity of land conversion into a residential area in West Lombok Regency has been guided by the Regional Regulation and Regional Spatial Planning (RSP) No. 11 / 2011. The use of agricultural land for residential areas has been regulated in the determination of the spatial pattern of residential areas in urban areas. and rural areas, the inhibiting factor in implementing the land use change policy is the absence of a detailed regional spatial planning plan and the limited number of field officers. The supporting factors are the Regional Spatial Planning Coordination Team, which is coordinated by the Regional Secretary. The recommendation given is to immediately issue a Detailed Spatial Plan so that there is an even distribution of housing areas. It is necessary to make a regional regulation that specifically examines and regulates the conversion of land functions.

scholarly journals Strategic Spatial Planning in Emerging Land-Use Frontiers – Evidence from Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Oliveira ◽  
Patrick Meyfroidt
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Short Termism

Strategic spatial planning (SSP) represents a consolidated long-term governance practice across developed and developing countries. It articulates sectoral policies, and it involves vision making and an array of stakeholders regarding land use and development issues around urban and rural territories. Land-use frontiers are territories with abundant land for agriculture and forestry, availability of natural resources relative to labor or capital, and rapid land-use change, often driven by large-scale investments and capitalized actors producing commodities for distal markets. Among various reasons, one of the objectives of SSP processes is to articulate a more coherent and future-oriented spatial logic for sustainable land-use patterns, resource protection and investments. SSP may thus constitute a useful approach to address some of the challenges posed to the governance of land-use frontiers, thus far, its potential contribution in land-use frontiers lacks an explicitly exploration. Here, we examine how SSP can play a role in governing land-use frontiers, through a case-study analysis of Mozambique as an emerging investment frontier. We gathered empirical evidence by interviewing experts involved in resource management, planning and strategizing territorial development in the country, complemented by a content analysis of literature and policy documents. We show that emerging land-use frontiers face several challenges, such as transnational land deals and intensification of commercial plantations. Interview data show that Mozambique lacks a strategic territorial vision, and the short-termism of political cycles hinders long-term territorial development, primarily in rural areas with plentiful land. Our analysis shows that SSP processes could contribute to address both global and country-specific challenges such as poverty traps and land degradation spirals, if various local and distant actors join forces and marry interests. We conclude by presenting a systematic framework explaining how SSP could play a role in governing emerging land-use frontiers for sustainable pathways.

scholarly journals Enhancement of large-scale flood damage assessments using building-material-based vulnerability curves for an object-based approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Englhardt ◽  
Hans de Moel ◽  
Charles K. Huyck ◽  
Marleen C. de Ruiter ◽  
Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Coarse Information

Abstract. In this study, we developed an enhanced approach for large-scale flood damage and risk assessments that uses characteristics of buildings and the built environment as object-based information to represent exposure and vulnerability to flooding. Most current large-scale assessments use an aggregated land-use category to represent the exposure, treating all exposed elements the same. For large areas where previously only coarse information existed such as in Africa, more detailed exposure data is becoming available. For our approach, a direct relation between the construction type and building material of the exposed elements is used to develop vulnerability curves. We further present a method to differentiate flood risk in urban and rural areas based on characteristics of the built environment. We applied the model to Ethiopia, and found that rural flood risk accounts for about 22 % of simulated damages; rural damages are generally neglected in the typical land-use-based damage models particularly at this scale. Our approach is particularly interesting for studies in areas where there is a large variation in construction types in the building stock, such as developing countries. It also enables comparison across different natural hazard types that also use material-based vulnerability, paving the way to the enhancement of multi-risk assessments.

scholarly journals Methodology of Sub-Catchment Division Considering Land Uses and Flow Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Chengming Li ◽  
Zixian Fan ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
Zhaoxin Dai ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Land Type ◽  
Flow Directions

Catchment division constitutes the foundation for urban water flood forecasting but represents a technically challenging task. The accurate division of catchments is significant for precisely forecasting urban waterlogging. However, existing catchment division methods usually lead to produce results that do not accurately reflect the actual land-use distributions. In recent years, most research has been performed in smaller study areas (less than 10 km2), in residential areas, parks and campuses, and usually focused on a single landscape type. However, for large highly urbanized areas with complex land uses, due to the spatial heterogeneity and complexity of such areas in terms of building, traffic network and hydrology, etc., there is few studies on sub-catchment division. Moreover, the division results by using existing method usually have deviate with the actual land-type distributions. To address the above-mentioned issues, a sub-catchment division method was here proposed that accounts for land-use types and flow directions, and it is suitable for large urban areas by introducing an auto-adaptive threshold adjustment in a novel algorithm. First, the study area is divided into first- and second-level (FL and SL, respectively) catchments according to the macroscale features such as natural landforms, canals, and pipe network. Second, an amended DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and flow direction data are used to divide the SL catchments into third-level direction-based (D-B) catchments. Finally, a novel land use-based algorithm is proposed to divide the D-B catchments into the “smallest” catchments (S-catchments). A large-scale area (44 km2) in Dongying City of China was employed to validate the proposed method. The experiment showed that the proposed method is suitable for subcatchment divisions in large regions and can ensure that the subcatchments are consistent with the actual distribution of land uses and runoff directions.

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