scholarly journals In VitroEffect of Fenugreek Extracts on Intestinal Sodium-dependent Glucose Uptake and Hepatic Glycogen Phosphorylase A

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Habori ◽  
A. Raman ◽  
M. J. Lawrence ◽  
P. Skett
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL. seed) is a food with traditional medicinal use in diabetes. Beneficial effects have been demonstrated in diabetic animals and both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Effects of a lipid extract A, crude ethanolic extract B, further sub-fractions of B (saponin-free C, saponin D and sapogenin E) and a gum fibre fraction F on intestinal sodium-dependent glucose uptake were investigatedin vitrousing rabbit intestinal brush border membrane vesicles. All fractions except A inhibited glucose-uptake at 0.33 and/or 3.3mg/mL (p< 0.001). Greatest inhibition was observed with fractions D and E. Diosgenin and trigonelline (compounds reported in fenugreek)also inhibited glucose-uptake (IC50values approximately 3mg/ml, equivalent to 8mM and 19mM respectively) but did not account for the activity of the crude extracts. Fenugreek extracts had no effect on basal levels of glycogen phosphorylase a (HGPa) activity in rat hepatocyte suspensions. However fractions C and E caused a marginal but statistically significant inhibition (18.9 and 15.1% respectively,p< 0.05) of glucagon induction of this enzyme suggesting a glucagon-antagonist effect. Diosgenin (1.65mg/ml; 4mM) inhibited glucagon-induced HGPa activity by 20% (p< 0.05), and was more effective than trigonelline (non significant inhibition of 9.4% at 1.65mg/ml, 10mM).

A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of Quercus robur (Ethanolic extract) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on Salmonella (In vitro)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hams H. H. Alfattli ◽  
Ghufran Zuhair Jiber ◽  
Ghaidaa Gatea Abbass
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibition Zones

This study which designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ethanolic extract of (Quercusrobur) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth of one genus of enterobacteriacae (Salmonella). In vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for plant extract (50, 100, 200, 400 )mg/ml which prepared and compared with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of different concentration (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25) μg/ml,and examined. The result showed that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial activity against this bacteria which used. The result showed that the plant has good activity in decrease the growth of this bacteria. The results of the study also showed that the nano-ZnO has very effective antibacterial action against the studied bacteria which was Salmonella,nanoparticles concentrations lead to increasing in the inhibition zones of tested bacterial growth. We also study the effect of three antibiotics Lomefloxacin (LOM), Ciprofloxacin (SIP) and Rifampin (RA) and the result showed,in a comparison within the tested bacteria,Salmonella had a significant inhibition increase in Lomefloxacin ; the ciprofloxacin showed effect on tested bacteria. However,Rifampin does not show any effect on tested bacteria.

Functional Expression of Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter in Amelogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 977-986
Author(s):  
H. Ida-Yonemochi ◽  
K. Otsu ◽  
H. Harada ◽  
H. Ohshima
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Tooth Morphogenesis

Glucose is an essential source of energy for mammalian cells and is transported into the cells by glucose transporters. There are 2 types of glucose transporters: one is a passive glucose transporter, GLUT ( SLC2A), and the other is a sodium-dependent active glucose transporter, SGLT ( SLC5A). We previously reported that the expression of GLUTs during tooth development is precisely and spatiotemporally controlled and that the glucose uptake mediated by GLUT1 plays a crucial role in early tooth morphogenesis and tooth size determination. This study aimed to clarify the localization and roles of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in murine ameloblast differentiation by using immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, an in vitro tooth organ culture experiment, and in vivo administration of an inhibitor of SGLT1/2, phloridzin. SGLT1, which has high affinity with glucose, was immunolocalized in the early secretory ameloblasts and the ruffle-ended ameloblasts in the maturation stage. However, SGLT2, which has high glucose transport capacity, was observed in the stratum intermedium, papillary layer, and ameloblasts at the maturation stage and colocalized with Na+-K+-ATPase. The inhibition of SGLT1/2 by phloridzin in the tooth germs induced the disturbance of ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix formation both in vitro (organ culture) and in vivo (mouse model). The expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 was significantly upregulated in hypoxic conditions in the ameloblast-lineage cells. These findings suggest that the active glucose uptake mediated by SGLT1 and SGLT2 is strictly regulated and dependent on the intra- and extracellular microenvironments during tooth morphogenesis and that the appropriate passive and active glucose transport is an essential event in amelogenesis.

The Inhibitory Effect of Herbal Medicine -Dai Kenchu To (DKT)- on the Colonic Motility in Rats In Vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alhakam Tulimat ◽  
Tadashi Ishiguchi ◽  
Susumu Kurosawa ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Toku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Dai-Kenchu-To (DKT) is a herbal medicine and is currently used as the treatment of paralytic ileus in Japan. We investigated the mechanism of beneficial effects of DKT in vitro. DKT-extract powder (DKT-EP; 30–300 μg/ml) caused a significant inhibition on carbachol (CCH; 10-6)-induced contraction in a concentration dependent manner of the rat distal colon. DKT-EP (100 μg/ml) consists of 20 μg/ml of Zanthoxylum Fruit, 30 μg/ml of Ginseng Root and 50 μg/ml of Ginger Rhizome. Although each of them had no effect on CCH-induced muscle contraction, the combination of three ingredients caused a significant inhibition on CCH-induced contraction.

scholarly journals RELATIVE POTENCY OF ANTI-DIABETIC COSTUS SPECIOSUSPLANT EXTRACT IN MOUSE FIBROBLAST CELL LINE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Bindu ◽  
Rama Bhat ◽  
Girish ◽  
Krishna Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Relative Potency ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Chemical Structures

Plant-derived compounds have been used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes for many years as they also exert additional beneficial effects on various other disorders. PI3K pathway is the major pathway activated by insulin receptor (IR). It induces glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, protein synthesis, cell growth and differentiation. Hence metabolic assay was employed to assess glucose uptake based on the property of 3T3-L 1 cells to differentiate into adipocytes which can take up the glucose in medium due to the effect of insulin or insulin like molecules. The results of the current study showed that plants extract probably exerts its anti-diabetic properties by stimulating glucose uptake in adipocytes with significant inhibition of adipogenesis demonstrating reliable relative potency in comparision to the commercial insulin.  The ability of existing therapies to target various aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome induces other metabolic abnormalities, chiefly those involved in lipid metabolism. In this preliminary in-vitro study Costusspeciosus plant extract demonstrated to have significant relative potency in comparison to commercial Insulin which can be exploited to treat diabetes using natural herbal extracts Current study leads researchers to elucidate the chemical structures, isolate active ingrediatents in the crude extract for such biological activities in reference to commercial and recombinant insulins.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF TWO PLANT EXTRACTS ON DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Jose Deepa ◽  
N. A. Aleykutty ◽  
Harindran Jyoti
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: To investigate the anti-diabetic activity of combined ethanolic extracts (1:1mixture) of dry leaves of Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava belonging to the family Myrtaceae as well as to compare the anti-diabetic activity of these plants by in vitro methods.Methods: In vitro glucose uptake assay was performed on cultured L6 cell lines (rat myoblast cell line) and estimated the glucose uptake using high sensitivity glucose oxidase kit. In vitro alpha amylase inhibitory assay was performed on porcine alpha amylase and the absorbance was measured at 540 nm using a microplate reader. Acarbose was used as the standard in both the methods.Results: At a concentration of 100µg/ml the percentage glucose uptake by the combined ethanolic extract (1:1 mixture) of Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava leaves was 43.95 while for acarbose the corresponding value was 51.71. At 100 μg/ml the percentage of glucose uptake by Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava was 27.62 and 22.17 respectively. The percentage inhibition of alpha amylase by the combined ethanolic extract (1:1 mixture) of Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava leaves at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml was 36.51 and it was 29.26 for Syzygium cumini and 23.43 for Psidium guajava. For acarbose the percentage inhibition of alpha amylase was 73.82 at the concentration of 1000 µg/ml.Conclusion: The combined extract of the leaves of the plants selected was found to be more effective than individual plant extracts against diabetes. The percentage glucose uptake of the combined extract was found to be closer to that of the standard drug acarbose. On comparison of two plants Syzygium cumini was found to be more active against diabetes than Psidium guajava. As the 1:1 mixture of the ethanolic extract is found to be more active, the combination of the two plants can be used to formulate drugs for treating diabetes.

scholarly journals Propolis, Bee Honey, and Their Components Protect against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review of In Silico, In Vitro, and Clinical Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Brazilian Propolis

Despite the virulence and high fatality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no specific antiviral treatment exists until the current moment. Natural agents with immune-promoting potentials such as bee products are being explored as possible treatments. Bee honey and propolis are rich in bioactive compounds that express strong antimicrobial, bactericidal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This review examined the literature for the anti-COVID-19 effects of bee honey and propolis, with the aim of optimizing the use of these handy products as prophylactic or adjuvant treatments for people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Molecular simulations show that flavonoids in propolis and honey (e.g., rutin, naringin, caffeic acid phenyl ester, luteolin, and artepillin C) may inhibit viral spike fusion in host cells, viral-host interactions that trigger the cytokine storm, and viral replication. Similar to the potent antiviral drug remdesivir, rutin, propolis ethanolic extract, and propolis liposomes inhibited non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and these compounds along with naringin inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells. Propolis extracts delivered by nanocarriers exhibit better antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 than ethanolic extracts. In line, hospitalized COVID-19 patients receiving green Brazilian propolis or a combination of honey and Nigella sativa exhibited earlier viral clearance, symptom recovery, discharge from the hospital as well as less mortality than counterparts receiving standard care alone. Thus, the use of bee products as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 may produce beneficial effects. Implications for treatment outcomes and issues to be considered in future studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Potential of Leaf Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of the Edible Halophyte Crithmum maritimum L.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5380
Author(s):  
Aymen Souid ◽  
Clara Maria Della Croce ◽  
Stefania Frassinetti ◽  
Morena Gabriele ◽  
Luisa Pozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Aromatic halophytes represent an exceptional source of natural bioactive compounds for the food industry. Crithmum maritimum L., also known as sea fennel, is a halophyte plant colonizing cliffs and coastal dunes along Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts. It is well known to produce essential oils and polyphenols endowed with antioxidant and biological effects. The present work reports the phytochemical profile, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties of C. maritimum leaf hydro-alcoholic extract. From LC-ESI-MS analysis, eighteen phenolic compounds were depicted in sea fennel extract and the amount of total phenolic content exceeds 3% DW. Accordingly, C. maritimum extract showed strong antioxidant activities, as evidenced by in vitro (DPPH, ORAC, FRAP) and ex vivo (CAA-RBC and hemolysis) assays. An important antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains was found as well as a strong capacity to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 35556) biofilm formation. Sea fennel extracts showed a significant decrease of mutagenesis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and menadione (ME) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 strain. In conclusion, our results show that C. maritimum is an exceptional source of bioactive components and exert beneficial effects against oxidative or mutagenic mechanisms, and pathogenic bacteria, making it a potential functional food.

Evidence for chromium acting as an essential trace element in insulin-dependent glucose uptake in cultured mouse myotubes

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Morris ◽  
T Gray ◽  
S MacNeil
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
Cell Culture Model ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Abstract Previous work from this and other laboratories has suggested that the trace element chromium plays some role in glucose homeostasis. In this study, we sought to characterise an in vitro cell culture model in which the effects of chromium on insulin-dependent glucose uptake could be studied. Mouse C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated to form myotubes in culture in chromium-replete or chromium-poor media. Chromium levels in standard media were 0·56±0·01 μg/l (mean ± s.e.m.) compared with 0·09±0·01 μg/l in chromium-poor media. In chromium-poor media, insulin-stimulated uptake of radiolabelled glucose was reduced by almost 50% compared with that found in chromium-replete media. This decreased response could be restored by the addition of physiologically relevant (0·3 μg/l) concentrations of inorganic chromium (P<0·001). The sensitivity of these cells to insulin was reduced dramatically by a reduction in the chromium content of the medium and was again increased (P<0·001) by chromium addition. The concentrations of chromium required to restore the sensitivity to insulin were of the same order as those found physiologically; much higher concentrations of chromium could also stimulate glucose uptake in the absence of insulin but such concentrations were supra-physiological. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 135–141

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