Abstract 1051: EGFR inhibitors attenuate caspase-independent cell death and confer negative effects on cisplatin .

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohito Yamaguchi ◽  
Jennifer L. Hsu ◽  
Chun-Te Chen ◽  
Ying-Nai Wang ◽  
Ming-Chuan Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Egfr Inhibitors ◽  
Negative Effects

scholarly journals Ozone responses in Arabidopsis: beyond stomatal conductance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis O Morales ◽  
Alexey Shapiguzov ◽  
Omid Safronov ◽  
Johanna Leppälä ◽  
Lauri Vaahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Key Parameter

Abstract Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant that decreases yield of important crops worldwide. Despite long-lasting research of its negative effects on plants, there are many gaps in our knowledge on how plants respond to O3. In this study, we used natural variation in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to characterize molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying O3 sensitivity. A key parameter in models for O3 damage is stomatal uptake. Here we show that the extent of O3 damage in the sensitive Arabidopsis accession Shahdara (Sha) does not correspond with O3 uptake, pointing toward stomata-independent mechanisms for the development of O3 damage. We compared tolerant (Col-0) versus sensitive accessions (Sha, Cvi-0) in assays related to photosynthesis, cell death, antioxidants, and transcriptional regulation. Acute O3 exposure increased cell death, development of lesions in the leaves, and decreased photosynthesis in sensitive accessions. In both Sha and Cvi-0, O3-induced lesions were associated with decreased maximal chlorophyll fluorescence and low quantum yield of electron transfer from Photosystem II to plastoquinone. However, O3-induced repression of photosynthesis in these two O3-sensitive accessions developed in different ways. We demonstrate that O3 sensitivity in Arabidopsis is influenced by genetic diversity given that Sha and Cvi-0 developed accession-specific transcriptional responses to O3. Our findings advance the understanding of plant responses to O3 and set a framework for future studies to characterize molecular and physiological mechanisms allowing plants to respond to high O3 levels in the atmosphere as a result of high air pollution and climate change.

scholarly journals Isoflurane Anesthesia Induced Persistent, Progressive Memory Impairment, Caused a Loss of Neural Stem Cells, and Reduced Neurogenesis in Young, but Not Adult, Rodents

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changlian Zhu ◽  
Jianfeng Gao ◽  
Niklas Karlsson ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Stem Cell Pool

Isoflurane and related anesthetics are widely used to anesthetize children, ranging from premature babies to adolescents. Concerns have been raised about the safety of these anesthetics in pediatric patients, particularly regarding possible negative effects on cognition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated isoflurane exposure of juvenile and mature animals on cognition and neurogenesis. Postnatal day 14 (P14) rats and mice, as well as adult (P60) rats, were anesthetized with isoflurane for 35 mins daily for four successive days. Object recognition, place learning and reversal learning as well as cell death and cytogenesis were evaluated. Object recognition and reversal learning were significantly impaired in isoflurane-treated young rats and mice, whereas adult animals were unaffected, and these deficits became more pronounced as the animals grew older. The memory deficit was paralleled by a decrease in the hippocampal stem cell pool and persistently reduced neurogenesis, subsequently causing a reduction in the number of dentate gyrus granule cell neurons in isoflurane-treated rats. There were no signs of increased cell death of progenitors or neurons in the hippocampus. These findings show a previously unknown mechanism of neurotoxicity, causing cognitive deficits in a clearly age-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Ablation Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention in Arrhythmia-Related Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Electroporation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657
Author(s):  
Shauna McBride ◽  
Sahar Avazzadeh ◽  
Antony M. Wheatley ◽  
Barry O’Brien ◽  
Ken Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Reversible Electroporation ◽  
Disease Focus

Targeted cellular ablation is being increasingly used in the treatment of arrhythmias and structural heart disease. Catheter-based ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered a safe and effective approach for patients who are medication refractory. Electroporation (EPo) employs electrical energy to disrupt cell membranes which has a minimally thermal effect. The nanopores that arise from EPo can be temporary or permanent. Reversible electroporation is transitory in nature and cell viability is maintained, whereas irreversible electroporation causes permanent pore formation, leading to loss of cellular homeostasis and cell death. Several studies report that EPo displays a degree of specificity in terms of the lethal threshold required to induce cell death in different tissues. However, significantly more research is required to scope the profile of EPo thresholds for specific cell types within complex tissues. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) as an ablative approach appears to overcome the significant negative effects associated with thermal based techniques, particularly collateral damage to surrounding structures. With further fine-tuning of parameters and longer and larger clinical trials, EPo may lead the way of adapting a safer and efficient ablation modality for the treatment of persistent AF.

scholarly journals Apoptosis Sel-sel Spermatogenik Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Akibat Pajanan Plumbum (Pb)Serta Perbaikannya Setelah Pemberian Kitosan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Thomson Parluhutan Nadapdap
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Keywords Apoptosis ◽  
Oil Pump ◽  
Shrimp Shell

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) of white rat spermatogenic cells can be caused by several factors, including heavy metals such as Cu, Au, Hg, Cd and Pb. The heavy metals found in industrial environments and some public places such as highways and oil pump. This study aims to reduce the negative effects of Pb by using chitosan obtained from shrimp shell processing of the garbage discarded in some shrimp producing areas. This study is divided into six treatment groups K1 = control; K2 = Pb; P1 = Pb+chitosan 0.5%; P2 = Pb = 0.75% chitosan, P3 = Pb+chitosan 1%, P4 = Pb+chitosan 1%. The results showed that administration of Pb causes apoptosis in spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia 78.26%; 84.7% spermatocytes, 77.1% spermatocytes). The addition of 1% chitosan is the best fix apoptotic spermatogenic cells after administration of Pb (Plumbum acetate). Keywords: apoptosis, cells spermatogenic, plumbum, chitosan.

scholarly journals Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages from Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra for controlled delivery of Oxaliplatin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mujtaba ◽  
Bahar Akyauz Yılmaz ◽  
Demet Cansaran-Duman ◽  
Lalehan Akyuz ◽  
Sevcan Yangın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
First Time

AbstractSporopollenin-mediated controlled drug delivery has been studied extensively owing to its physicochemical and biological charachteristics. In the present study, sporopollenin was successfully extracted from pollen grains of C. libani and P. nigra followed by the loading of a commonly known anticancer drug Oxaliplatin. Both the drug loading and physicochemical features were confirmed by using light microscopy, FT-IR, SEM and TGA. For the first time, real-time cell analyzer system, xCELLigence, was employed to record the Oxaliplatin-loaded and sporopollenin-mediated cell death (CaCo-2 and Vero cells) in real time. Both the assays confirmed the slow release of Oxaliplatin from sporopollenin for around 40–45 h. The expression of MYC and FOXO-3 genes significantly increased in CaCo2 cell and decreased non-cancerous Vero cell confirming that sporopollenin-mediated controlled release of Oxaliplatin was promoting apoptosis cell death preventing the spread of its negative effects to nearby healthy cells. All the results suggested that C. libani and P. nigra could be suitable candidates for slow delivery of drugs.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus Paracasei BEJ01 Protects Against Fumonisin B1-Induced Intestinal Toxicity in Balb/c Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawla EZDINI ◽  
Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès ◽  
Hela Belgacem ◽  
Kamel Chaieb ◽  
Samir Abbès
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a carcinogenic (Class 2B) mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi and is responsible for several types of mycotoxicoses in animals and humans. Lactobacillus paracasei (LP), as a probiotic, is known to impart a wide range of advantageous effects on host health. The objective of the current study was to evaluate if LP (type BEJ01) isolated from Tunisian artisanal butter, could potentially help protect a host against intestinal alterations caused by exposure to FB1. Here, adult male Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups, i.e., control (vehicle only), treated with FB1 (100 µg/kg BW), LP (2 × 109 CFU/ml [≈ 2 mg/kg BW]) and FB1 (100 µg/kg BW) + LP (2 × 109 CFU/ml) and treated per os daily for 10 days. At 24 hr after the final treatment, mice were euthanized and their jejunum harvested for examination of intestinal alterations induced by the FB1. The data showed that a variety of negative effects in jejunal tissue were induced by the FB1, including DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death, and histopathological alterations. The results also showed that co-treatment of LP with FB1 was able to mitigate the harmful FB1 effects. LP alone imparted no damage to jejunal tissues. These results show that apart from potential use as a bio-preservative for extending the shelf-life of food and feeds, LP may also provide a benefit of helping prevent untoward effects from a potent mycotoxin like FB1.

DNA nick end labeling: a reliable marker for apoptosis?

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Anne F. Bushnell ◽  
Sarah Webster ◽  
Lynn S. Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Dna Laddering ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Reliable Marker

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important mechanism in development and in diverse disease states. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis were first identified using the electron microscope. Since then, DNA laddering on agarose gels was found to correlate well with apoptotic cell death in cultured cells of dissimilar origins. Recently numerous DNA nick end labeling methods have been developed in an attempt to visualize, at the light microscopic level, the apoptotic cells responsible for DNA laddering.The present studies were designed to compare various tissue processing techniques and staining methods to assess the occurrence of apoptosis in post mortem tissue from Alzheimer's diseased (AD) and control human brains by DNA nick end labeling methods. Three tissue preparation methods and two commercial DNA nick end labeling kits were evaluated: the Apoptag kit from Oncor and the Biotin-21 dUTP 3' end labeling kit from Clontech. The detection methods of the two kits differed in that the Oncor kit used digoxigenin dUTP and anti-digoxigenin-peroxidase and the Clontech used biotinylated dUTP and avidinperoxidase. Both used 3-3' diaminobenzidine (DAB) for final color development.

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