Importance of Fatty Acids in the Perinatal Period

2014 ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Demmelmair ◽  
Berthold Koletzko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Perinatal Period

scholarly journals Inclusion of Soluble Fiber in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Affects Plasma Propionate and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Levels, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Chuanshang Cheng ◽  
Xiu Zhang ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The transition from pregnancy to lactation is characterized by a progressive decrease in insulin sensitivity. Propionate increases with dietary fiber consumption and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that plasma odd-chain fatty acids [OCFAs; pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)] that inversely correlated with insulin resistance are synthesized endogenously from gut-derived propionate. The present study investigated the effects of soluble fiber during gestation on gut microbiota, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in sows. Sows were allocated to either control or 2.0% guar gum plus pregelatinized waxy maize starch (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. The SF addition changes the structure and composition of gut microbiota in sows. Genus Eubacterium increased by SF addition may promote intestinal propionate production. Moreover, the dietary SF increased circulating levels of plasma OCFAs, especially C17:0. The SF-fed sows had a higher insulin sensitivity and a lower systemic inflammation level during perinatal period. Furthermore, the plasma C15:0 and C17:0 was negatively correlated with the area under curve of plasma glucose after meal and plasma interleukin-6. In conclusion, dietary SF improves insulin sensitivity and alleviates systemic inflammation in perinatal sows, potentially related to its stimulating effect on propionate and OCFAs production.

Gender-related long-term effects in adult rats by perinatal dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. R575-R579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Korotkova ◽  
Britt G. Gabrielsson ◽  
Agneta Holmäng ◽  
Britt-Marie Larsson ◽  
Lars Å. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Serum Leptin

Epidemiological studies in humans have shown that perinatal nutrition affects health later in life. We have previously shown that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the maternal diet affects serum leptin levels and growth of the suckling pups. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of various ratios of the dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA during the perinatal period on serum leptin, insulin, and triacylglycerol, as well as body growth in the adult offspring. During late gestation and throughout lactation, rats were fed an isocaloric diet containing 7 wt% fat, either as linseed oil (n-3 diet), soybean oil (n-6/n-3 diet), or sunflower oil (n-6 diet). At 3 wk of age, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios in the serum phospholipids of the offspring were 2.5, 8.3, and 17.5, respectively. After weaning, all pups were given a standard chow. At the 28th postnatal wk, mean body weight and fasting insulin levels were significantly increased in the rats fed the n-6/n-3 diet perinatally compared with the other groups. The systolic blood pressure and serum triacylglycerol levels were only increased in adult male rats of the same group. These data suggest that the balance between n-6 and n-3 PUFA during perinatal development affects several metabolic parameters in adulthood, especially in the male animals.

Diazepam plasma binding in the perinatal period: Influence of nonesterified fatty acids

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ridd ◽  
K. F. Brown ◽  
R. G. Moore ◽  
W. G. McBride ◽  
R. L. Nation
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Plasma Binding ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids

Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Treatment for Depression in the Perinatal Period

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Rees ◽  
Marie-Paule Austin ◽  
Gordon Parker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
Unpublished Research

Objectives: To consider the possible rationale and utility of omega-3 fatty acids as a treatment for depression in the perinatal period. Method: A review of published and unpublished research was undertaken, using electronic databases, conferences proceedings and expert informants. Results: Relevant bodies of evidence include an epidemiological link between low fish intake and depression. Laboratory studies show correlations between low omega-3 fatty acid levels and depression, as well as reduced levels of omega-3 in non-depressed women during the perinatal period. Treatment studies using omega-3 in patients with mood disorders further support an omega-3 contribution, as do neuroscientific theories. Research into omega-3 and infant development also highlights potential effects of depletion in the perinatal period and supports infant safety and benefits of supplementation. Conclusions: There is a relative lack of knowledge about the safety of standard antidepressants in the perinatal period. There is a clear need for more research into alternative treatments, such as omega-3 fatty acids, in the management of depression in the perinatal period.

scholarly journals Correlation between postpartum depression and omega-3, micronutrients

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4737
Author(s):  
Meltem Mermer ◽  
Nevin Şanlıer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
B Vitamin

In recent years, attention has been called to the link between nutrition and mental health. Postpartum depression is an important depressive disorder which often arises 6 to 12 weeks after giving birth and can happen at any time within one year. Postpartum depression prevalence is around 20% worldwide. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors, as well as certain social, psychological and biological factors constitute risk factors for postpartum depression. While malnutrition is among the biological factors, there is a correlation between nutrients such as folic acid, vitamin B₁₂, vitamin D, iron, selenium, zinc, and n-3 fatty acids and psychological state. The nutrients that claim most attention relating to postpartum depression are n-3 essential fatty acids. Insufficient intake of n-3, folic acid, vitamins B and iron is observed in pregnant women. Failing to meet the needs of the mother due to malnutrition during pregnancy can increase the risk of depleting the body’s nutrient reserves and developing postpartum. This risk factor needs to be kept in check by determining and keeping track of the nutrient needs of the mother during the perinatal period.

Ketotic cows display a different serum nonesterified fatty acid composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Taiyu Shen ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Hongjiang Yu ◽  
Sansi Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Healthy Control

AbstractThe experiments reported in this research communication aimed to compare the serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) composition in ketotic cows and healthy cows during the perinatal period. NEFAs play significant roles in etiology and pathology of ketosis. We hypothesized that ketotic cows will display a different serum NEFA composition compared to healthy controls, and fatty acid related indicators for ketosis prediction can be screened. Pre-partum healthy cows were recruited, and blood samples were collected on −7, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d postpartum. Cows were further divided into a healthy control group (C group, n = 6) and a ketosis group (K group, n = 6) if blood β-hydroxybutyric acid levels exceeded 1.2 mm during the experiment. NEFA composition was then analyzed by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Only C12 : 0% was significantly higher in C group than K group on 7 d pre-partum (P < 0.05), when the cows were not diagnosed with ketosis. Five fatty acids displayed statistical differences in composition between C and K group (P < 0.05), namely C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 1n9 and C22 : 1n9. Saturates%, unsaturates%, mono-unsaturates% and saturates/unsaturates were also different between C and K group (P < 0.05). Of note, C18 : 1n9/C12 : 0 and C18 : 1n9/C22 : 1n9 in K group were significantly higher than those in controls on 7 d pre-partum (P < 0.05). It is suggested that the ratios show potential as indicators for prediction of ketosis.

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