Contribution of Hormonal Cytology in Girls and Adolescents to Reproductive Health: A Traditional Technique Monitoring Recent Problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Dušková ◽  
Barbara Goldová ◽  
Lenka Matiášková ◽  
Alena Beková ◽  
Jana Skřenková
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Pubertas Praecox ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Health Support ◽  
Hormonal Cytology ◽  
Adolescent Gynecology ◽  
Monitoring Progress

Objective: To study the contribution of hormonal cytology in contemporary disturbances of fertility. Design: Over a 10-year period (2006-2015), 6,688 vaginal fornix cytologies of 2,350 patients were investigated. For a more detailed analysis, a 3-year period from 2013 to 2015 was chosen. Four hundred and fifty-two patients were investigated, many of them several times and for a period longer than the 3 years analyzed. Results: The main disorders examined and treated via a gentle hormonal medication support and life style corrections by a pediatric gynecologist were: pubertas praecox - thelarche praecox and early menarche; dysfunctional juvenile metrorrhagia; central and peripheral endocrine disorders; eating disorders - anorexia mentalis and bulimia; obesity; excessive sport activities; autoimmune disorders, and others. Normalization of the menstrual cycle was achieved while monitoring progress with a series of hormonal cytologies in a majority of patients. Conclusions: Hormonal cytology is a non-invasive and economical method, illustrating the direct effect of steroid on target cells. It contributes to reproductive health support by: (a) indicating the possible need and type of steroid therapy; (b) monitoring the normalization of cycle disturbances; (c) ruling out or indicating the need for more detailed steroid metabolism investigation. Thus, it represents a basic but valuable means of examination in child and adolescent gynecology.

scholarly journals The “Vesicular Intelligence” Strategy of Blood Cancers

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Dorian Forte ◽  
Martina Barone ◽  
Francesca Palandri ◽  
Lucia Catani
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Hemopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Blood Cancer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Immune Potential

Blood cancers are a heterogeneous group of disorders including leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. They may derive from the clonal evolution of the hemopoietic stem cell compartment or from the transformation of progenitors with immune potential. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanovesicles which are released by cells into body fluids with a role in intercellular communication in physiology and pathology, including cancer. EV cargos are enriched in nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and these molecules can be delivered to target cells to influence their biological properties and modify surrounding or distant targets. In this review, we will describe the “smart strategy” on how blood cancer-derived EVs modulate tumor cell development and maintenance. Moreover, we will also depict the function of microenvironment-derived EVs in blood cancers and discuss how the interplay between tumor and microenvironment affects blood cancer cell growth and spreading, immune response, angiogenesis, thrombogenicity, and drug resistance. The potential of EVs as non-invasive biomarkers will be also discussed. Lastly, we discuss the clinical application viewpoint of EVs in blood cancers. Overall, blood cancers apply a ‘vesicular intelligence’ strategy to spread signals over their microenvironment, promoting the development and/or maintenance of the malignant clone.

scholarly journals Targeted Molecular Imaging Using Aptamers in Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorah Yoon ◽  
John Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Rna Aptamers ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
New Class ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Imaging is not only seeing, but also believing. For targeted imaging modalities, nucleic acid aptamers have features such as superior recognition of structural epitopes and quick uptake in target cells. This explains the emergence of an evolved new class of aptamers into a wide spectrum of imaging applications over the last decade. Genetically encoded biosensors tagged with fluorescent RNA aptamers have been developed as intracellular imaging tools to understand cellular signaling and physiology in live cells. Cancer-specific aptamers labeled with fluorescence have been used for assessment of clinical tissue specimens. Aptamers conjugated with gold nanoparticles have been employed to develop innovative mass spectrometry tissue imaging. Also, use of chemically conjugated cancer-specific aptamers as probes for non-invasive and high-resolution imaging has been transformative for in vivo imaging in multiple cancers.

scholarly journals Theoretical Framework of Radiation Force in Surface Acoustic Waves for Modulated Particle Sorting

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Gergely Simon ◽  
Marco A. B. Andrade ◽  
Marc P. Y. Desmulliez ◽  
Mathis O. Riehle ◽  
Anne L. Bernassau
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Periodic Signal ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sorting Technique

Sorting specific target entities from sample mixtures is commonly used in many macroscale laboratory processing, such as disease diagnosis or treatment. Downscaling of sorting systems enables less laboratory space and fewer quantities of sample and reagent. Such lab-on-a-chip devices can perform separation functions using passive or active sorting methods. Such a method, acoustic sorting, when used in microfluidics, offers contactless, label-free, non-invasive manipulation of target cells or particles and is therefore the topic of active current research. Our phase-modulated sorting technique complements traditional time-of-flight techniques and offers higher sensitivity separation using a periodic signal. By cycling of this periodic signal, the target entities are gradually displaced compared to the background debris, thereby achieving sorting. In this paper, we extend the knowledge on phase-modulated sorting techniques. Firstly, using numerical simulations, we confirm the sorting role of our proposed primary acoustic radiation force within surface wave devices. Secondly, a threefold agreement between analytical, numerical and experimental sorting trajectories is presented.

scholarly journals Sexual and reproductive health self-care in humanitarian and fragile settings: where should we start?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Toan Tran ◽  
Hannah Tappis ◽  
Pierre Moon ◽  
Megan Christofield ◽  
Angela Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
Service Package ◽  
Health Support ◽  
Context Specific

AbstractRecent crises have accelerated global interest in self-care interventions. This debate paper aims to raise the issue of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) self-care and invites members of the global community operating in crisis-affected settings to look at potential avenues in mainstreaming SRH self-care interventions. We start by exploring self-care interventions that could align with well-established humanitarian standards, such as the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for Sexual and Reproductive Health in Crises, point to the potential of digital health support for SRH self-care in crisis-affected settings, and discuss related policy, programmatic, and research considerations. These considerations underscore the importance of self-care as part of the care continuum and within a whole-system approach. Equally critical is the need for self-care in crisis-affected settings to complement other live-saving SRH interventions—it does not eliminate the need for provider-led services in health facilities. Further research on SRH self-care interventions focusing distinctively on humanitarian and fragile settings is needed to inform context-specific policies and practice guidance.

scholarly journals Hypomenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls as a result of reproductive dysfunction in their mothers

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
V.V. Artyomenko ◽  
N.M. Nastradina ◽  
K.O. Nitochko ◽  
M.A. Altyieva
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Future ◽  
Adolescent Gynecology

In recent years in Ukraine and in the world there has been a clear tendency towards deterioration in the indicators of the somatic health of children and adolescents, that is negatively affects the processes of reproductive health formation and it state in the future. Concern for adolescent girl's health, including their reproductive system, forms an enormous contribution to the society future. That's why big attention is paid to the formation and saving reproductive health of adolescent girls. The period of sexual development is defining in a woman's life and is considered a key moment on the path of reproductive maturity. Today it has been established that the reproductive health formation is influenced by environmental, socio-economic factors and the presence of somatic diseases. Despite the fact that the pathogenetic mechanisms of the reproductive system formation are extremely complex and sensitive to the effects of negative factors, the appearance of destructive factors at this time can disrupt the physiological chain of functioning of the hormonal mechanisms which regulate the reproductive system. Disorders of the menstrual cycle is one of the most common pathological conditions, combining pathogenetically different diseases, which are manifested by a violation of the menstrual duration and frequency, amount of menstrual flow. According to domestic literature, hypomenstrual syndrome (oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea) is in the first place among menstrual dysfunctions in adolescent girls in the structure of gynecological morbidity and is up to 45%. Menstrual irregularities that occur during adolescence often persist into the future, causing infertility, obstetric pathology, perinatal loss and other reproductive health problems during childbearing years. The problem of the menstrual cycle formation has been little studied, but it is socially significant, very relevant and requires further study.Thus, girls with menstrual disorders constitute a group of increased risk of gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age, since many chronic diseases of adults are a protracted pathology of adolescents. Therefore, adolescent girls should be examined and treated by a specialist in pediatric and adolescent gynecology, pediatric endocrinologist, pediatrician and family doctor.

scholarly journals Unbalanced dietary patterns contribute to the pathogenesis of precocious puberty by affecting gut microbiota and host metabolites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Dingfeng Wu ◽  
Hongying Li ◽  
Xiangrong Liang ◽  
Na Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microbial Biomarkers

ABSTRACTPrecocious puberty (PP) mostly stems from endocrine disorders. However, its triggering factors, especially for the early onset of partial PP, and the associated pathogenic mechanisms remain ambiguous. In this study, a systematic analysis in the form of a questionnaire of lifestyles, gut microbiome, and serum metabolome data was carried out to examine the pathogenesis of PP in a cohort comprised of 200 girls, with or without PP. The analysis revealed substantial alterations in gut microbiota, serum metabolites, as well as lifestyle patterns in the PP group, which were characterized by an elevated abundance of β-glucuronidase-producing and butyrate-producing bacteria, and excessive lipid concentration with decreased levels of organic nitrogen compounds in the serum of the participants. These differential microbes and metabolites tend to be reliable non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers aiding the early diagnosis of PP and exhibit a strong discriminative power (AUC = 0.93 and AUC = 0.97, respectively). Furthermore, the microbial biomarkers were confirmed in an independent validation cohort (n = 83, AUC = 0.85). Moreover, structural equation modeling revealed that unhealthy dietary habits were the primary contributors for the alteration of gut microbiota and serum metabolites, triggering the imbalance in the host hormones that leads to premature physical development. Our study determines a causal relationship among the gut microbiota, host metabolites, diet, and clinical characteristics of preadolescent girls who experienced early onset of PP, and formulates non-invasive diagnostic tools demonstrating excellent performance for the early detection of PP.

scholarly journals Pitfalls in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1207-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Vilar ◽  
Maria da Conceição Freitas ◽  
Manuel Faria ◽  
Renan Montenegro ◽  
Luiz Augusto Casulari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Ectopic Acth ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

Among endocrine disorders, Cushing's syndrome (CS) is certainly one of the most challenging to endocrinologists due to the difficulties that often appear during investigation. The diagnosis of CS involves two steps: confirmation of hypercortisolism and determination of its etiology. Biochemical confirmation of the hypercortisolaemic state must be established before any attempt at differential diagnosis. Failure to do so will result in misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment, and poor management. It should also be kept in mind that hypercortisolism may occur in some patients with depression, alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, generalized resistance to glucocorticoids, and in late pregnancy. Moreover, exogenous or iatrogenic hypercortisolism should always be excluded. The three most useful tests to confirm hypercortisolism are the measurement of 24-h urinary free cortisol levels, low-dose dexamethasone-suppression tests, and determination of midnight serum cortisol or late-night salivary cortisol. However, none of these tests is perfect, each one has different sensitivities and specificities, and several are usually needed to provide a better diagnostic accuracy. The greatest challenge in the investigation of CS involves the differentiation between Cushing's disease and ectopic ACTH syndrome. This task requires the measurement of plasma ACTH levels, non-invasive dynamic tests (high-dose dexamethasone suppression test and stimulation tests with CRH or desmopressin), and imaging studies. None of these tests had 100% specificity and their use in combination is usually necessary. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling is mainly indicated when non-invasive tests do not allow a diagnostic definition. In the present paper, the most important pitfalls in the investigation of CS are reviewed.

Abstract 16438: Serum Exosomal Protein Profiling for the Non-invasive Detection of Cardiac Allograft Rejection

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Kennel ◽  
Dawn Maldonado ◽  
Raymond Givens ◽  
Danielle Brunjes ◽  
Estibaliz Castillero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Cardiac Allograft ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Cardiac Allograft Rejection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein Signature

Introduction: Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles in the extracellular environment present in biological fluids. Exosomal content is actively assembled containing mRNA, miRNA and proteins. Exosomal-derived molecules have messenger function on target cells. Hypothesis: The serum-derived exosomal proteome is altered in acute cardiac allograft rejection allowing a distinction between non-rejection and acute rejection episodes with specifics for the type of rejection. Methods: Serum samples were collected from heart transplant (HTx) recipients with no rejection (n=10), acute cellular rejection (n=10) and antibody-mediated rejection (n=8) confirmed by myocardial biopsy and histopathology report. Exosome isolation was performed using an isolation kit (Invitrogen). Proteomic analyses were performed by LC-MS/MS analysis using the Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. To confirm these findings, one of the proteins found by proteomic analysis, C1Q, was compared across samples with ELISA (Abcam). Results: A distinct pattern was detectable separating each group by clustering analysis. A exosomal protein signature totaling 24 proteins (FDR<2%) was found in the rejection group compared to the no rejection group. Further, patients with ACR had a distinctly different exosomal protein signature compared to patients with AMR. Of note, complement factor components such as C1QA (-53%), C1QB (-36%) and immunoglobulin subfractions such as IGHM (+42%) were the most significantly regulated proteins. Confirmatory ELISA testing of exosomal C1Q levels revealed a trend (p=0.077) towards decreased levels of C1Q in the AMR group but no significant difference in the ACR group. Conclusions: These data suggest a distinct exosomal proteome signature in cardiac allograft rejection patients as compared to patients without rejection, mainly involving complement cascade proteins, immunoglobulin fractions and structural proteins. Exosomal proteome analysis shows potential for non-invasive characterization of cardiac allograft rejection with distinct profiles in patients with ACR and AMR.

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