Manic-Depressive Cycles in Bipolar Disorder: Clinical and Treatment Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Elena Teobaldi ◽  
Umberto Albert ◽  
Gabriele Di Salvo ◽  
Claudio Mencacci ◽  
Gianluca Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Continuous Cycling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clinical Profiles

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cycle patterns of bipolar disorders (BDs) have been previously shown to be associated with clinical characteristics and response to lithium salts. Here, we evaluated the distribution of different types of manic-depressive cycles in a large sample of patients with BD. The associations between a mania-depression-interval (MDI) course and depression-mania-interval (DMI) course with sociodemographic/clinical factors were also assessed in order to define specific clinical profiles. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this cross-sectional study, 806 patients with BD admitted to the Psychiatric Unit of San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital in Orbassano and Molinette Hospital in Turin, Italy, were recruited. Patients were grouped according to the following course patterns: MDI, DMI, continuous cycling (CC, &#x3c;4 episodes/year without intervals), rapid cycling (RC, ≥4 episodes/year), and irregular (IRR) cycling. We compared several sociodemographic and clinical variables in an MDI versus DMI course by means of ANOVA and Pearson χ<sup>2</sup> with Bonferroni correction. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Bipolar cycles were distributed as follows: 50.2% IRR course, 31.5% MDI course, 16% DMI course, 1.2% CC, and 1% RC. Compared to DMI course, patients with an MDI course were more often men, younger, with an earlier onset, a manic polarity onset, and more lifetime compulsory admissions. They were more frequently treated with lithium and antipsychotics. Patients with a DMI course had older age at diagnosis and at first mood-stabilizer treatment and were more often misdiagnosed with a major depressive disorder. These patients were more commonly treated with anticonvulsants, and they had more frequently failed treatment trials with lithium salts in the past. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study supports the utility of classifying BD according to their course patterns. This classification holds prognostic as well as therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals Identification of distinctive interferon gene signatures in different types of myositis

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. e1193-e1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iago Pinal-Fernandez ◽  
Maria Casal-Dominguez ◽  
Assia Derfoul ◽  
Katherine Pak ◽  
Paul Plotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Inducible Genes ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

ObjectiveActivation of the type 1 interferon (IFN1) pathway is a prominent feature of dermatomyositis (DM) muscle and may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. However, the relevance of the IFN1 pathway in patients with other types of myositis such as the antisynthetase syndrome (AS), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM) is largely unknown. Moreover, the activation of the type 2 interferon (IFN2) pathway has not been comprehensively explored in myositis. In this cross-sectional study, our objective was to determine whether IFN1 and IFN2 pathways are differentially activated in different types of myositis by performing RNA sequencing on muscle biopsy samples from 119 patients with DM, IMNM, AS, or IBM and on 20 normal muscle biopsies.MethodsThe expression of IFN1- and IFN2-inducible genes was compared between the different groups.ResultsThe expression of IFN1-inducible genes was high in DM, moderate in AS, and low in IMNM and IBM. In contrast, the expression of IFN2-inducible genes was high in DM, IBM, and AS but low in IMNM. The expression of IFN-inducible genes correlated with the expression of genes associated with inflammation and muscle regeneration. Of note, ISG15 expression levels alone performed as well as composite scores relying on multiple genes to monitor activation of the IFN1 pathway in myositis muscle biopsies.ConclusionsIFN1 and IFN2 pathways are differentially activated in different forms of myositis. This observation may have therapeutic implications because immunosuppressive medications may preferentially target each of these pathways.

Malaria among migrants in a university hospital in Colombia during 2018: A case series

2020 ◽  
pp. 004947552098130
Author(s):  
Fabián R Carreño-Almánzar ◽  
Adán Coronado-Galán ◽  
Sonia A Cala-Gómez ◽  
Agustín Vega-Vera
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Profiles

Imported malaria has increased in Colombia since 2015 and has been attributed to migrants coming from Venezuela. We present a series of malaria cases, nested in a retrospective cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2018, aimed at calculating the prevalence of medical diseases among immigrants in a University Hospital in Colombia. Among 154 immigrants admitted for medical causes between 2017 and 2018, 8 were diagnosed with malaria, all due to Plasmodium vivax. Of these, seven had uncomplicated malaria, five had a previous history of malaria, one was critically ill, but none died. We highlight that, similar to other case series of imported malaria, Latin American migrants were young, with similar clinical profiles, having a low proportion of severe cases, and P. vivax was the most frequent cause.

scholarly journals Clinical Profiles and Types of Senile Cataract Patients: Experience of 30 Cases in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Shamima Sultana ◽  
AQM Omar Sharif ◽  
Inamur Rahman Choudhury ◽  
MM Ehsanul Haque ◽  
Wahida Begum
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Senile Cataract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Collection Sheet ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Clinical Profiles ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Cataract Patients ◽  
Grade Iii

Background: Senile cataract can be expressed with different clinical presentation. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the clinical profiles of senile cataract patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at National Institute of Ophthalmology, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 1999 to December 2000 for a period of two (02) years. Patients with senile cataract were selected for study. The details clinical profiles of the study population were recorded like types, grades of cataract and visual acuity. Data were collected on pre-designed data collection sheet, compiled and appropriate statistical analysis was done using computer based software. Result: A total number of 60 eyes of cataract patients were recruited for this study. The mean age with the standard deviation was 58.8±6.055 years. Majority of the patients were suffering from total cataract that is nuclear plus cortical plus posterior subcapsular variety which was 31(51.7%) eyes of cataract patients. Majority of the patients were grade III (amber) type of nuclear sclerosis which was 26(43.3%) eyes of cataract patients. Most of the patients were presented with PL which was 32(53.3%) eyes of cataract patients. Conclusion: In conclusion majority of the patients are suffering from total cataract with grade III (amber) type of nuclear sclerosis. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):38-41

Pattern of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Among Anemic Under-Five Children of Northern Bangladesh: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Rafi ◽  
M. Morsed Zaman ◽  
Md. Golam Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hemoglobin E ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Background Congenital hemoglobin defects are significant global health concern affecting more than 330,000 newborns every year. In Bangladesh more than half of the under-five children are anemic, but the contribution of hemoglobin disorders to childhood anemia is quite unexplored. Hence, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of hemoglobinopathies among anemic under-five (age 6–59 months) children visiting the hematology department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH). Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study among anemic patients aged between 6 to 59 months conducted in the hematology department of RMCH from July 2018 to June 2020. The guideline of WHO was used to define the severity of anemia. Hemoglobinopathies was measured using standard methods. Chi-square test was used to find the association between two categorical factors. Results Female and younger children included in the study were more likely to suffer from moderate to severe form of anemia compared to their counterparts. Out of 534 patients 183 were suffering from different types of hemoglobinopathies (prevalence 34.3%). E-β-Thalassemia was the most common type of hemoglobinopathy (14%) followed by Hemoglobin E trait (11%) and β-Thalassemia minor (5.6%). Prevalence of these hemoglobin disorders was comparatively higher among female and older children (p < 0.05). Patients with E-β-Thalassemia and β-Thalassemia major of our study were mostly suffering from severe form of anemia while patients with hemoglobin E trait and β-Thalassemia minor were mostly suffering from mild anemia (p < 0.01). Conclusions A remarkable number of children were suffering from severe anemia and different types of hemoglobinopathies. Gender and age group were the risk factors of anemia and hemoglobinopathies among under-five children. Health authorities of Bangladesh should especially take care of anemic children in this country.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of pain severity in patients suffering from different types of primary headache in the hospital setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1740
Author(s):  
Sanjay Prasad ◽  
Abhay Paliwal ◽  
Ram Ghulam Razdan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
The Impact

Background: Primary headache disorders including migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are of great importance to global public health due to its high prevalence, but very few studies have been conducted to know its prevalence and pain severity of different types of primary headache. Aim of this study was to investigate the subtypes and pain severity of different types of primary headache in hospital setting.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study with 200 sample size. Includes patients with Primary headache in department of Psychiatry, MGMMC, Indore. Patient aged between 18-65 years, both gender. Diagnosis of headache was done clinically in accordance with International Classification of Headache disorders (ICHD- 3). Semi-structured headache questionnaire, Comparative pain scale were used for assessment of samples.Results: Among 200 patients, Tension type headache was 73.5%, Migraine was 22%, Mixed headache was in 4.5% patients. Majority of migraine and mixed headache cases had severe pain at 93.2% & 55.6% respectively. Majority of TTH cases had moderate pain in 42.2% patients.Conclusions: Study has shown assessments of severity of pain, can be used to assess the impact of Primary headache on patient’s quality of life.

Knowledge and Determinants of Health Consequences of Cigarette Smoking Among Vietnamese Adults, 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Thi Minh Dao ◽  
Huong Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Giang Bao Kim ◽  
Hai Thi Phan ◽  
Huy Van Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Health

Background. Vietnam was one of 16 countries that implemented the second round of the GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey) in 2015. Aims. To assess knowledge and determinants of health consequences of different types of cigarette smoking among Vietnamese adults. Methods. A cross-sectional study among adults aged 15 years combined with using 15% of the master sample from the national sampling frame of the population and housing census was conducted. Multilevel analysis using Poisson regression was undertaken. Results. Knowledge on the health consequences of cigarette smoking has not significantly improved in the GATS-2015. Adults believe that active smoking had more of an impact on health than secondhand smoking and 24.5% and 43% of them answered that smoking light and e-cigarettes, respectively, causes less harm than regular cigarettes, and 17.3% and 18.1% of adults are not aware of the difference between them, respectively. Conclusion. Household and community’s role had little impact in the adult knowledge of smoking health consequences. It is necessary to disseminate information on the “other tobacco product” and to improve public knowledge on specific health consequences, to enhance household and community’s role in conveying health education messages to individuals.

The activity of antioxidant enzymes in blood platelets in different types of renal replacement therapy: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Stępniewska ◽  
Barbara Dołęgowska ◽  
Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć ◽  
Edyta Gołembiewska ◽  
Alicja Malinowska-Jędraszczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Audio Visual Aids-Quality Use in Lecture Classes of Undergraduate Medical Education in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Md Sajedul Haque ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Session ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teaching Learning

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to explore the use of AV aids in undergraduate medical education in 7 government & 5 non-government medical colleges of Bangladesh by convenient sampling. Sixty (60) lecture classes were observed to estimate the proportion of the uses of different AV aids & to identify the quality use of different types of AV aids by observation checklists. Views were also taken from 20 teachers regarding the quality use of different types of AV aids by open ended questions. Study revealed that 20% teachers used CB/WB, 15% used OHP and 65% used PPT. Most of the CB/WB & PPT users maintained the quality use of these media but not OHP. Readability and legibility of handwriting or text of all media were acceptable in 78% lectures but it was 33% in OHP lectures. Students' attention was also less in OHP. Regarding number of words per acetate sheet/slide, only 33% OHP lectures met the standard criteria & 72% PPT slides met this criterion. In open ended questions, 25% teachers choose CB/WB, 10% Choose OHP and 65% choose PPT. Study recommended that use of clean, multi-color and good quality chalk/marker & board/screen are essential for effective teaching learning session. Adequate lighting, AC lecture class/gallery, proper sound systems & training on different AV aids are also needed to standardize the quality use of AV aids in lecture classes.Medicine Today 2016 Vol.28(2): 48-51

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