Effect of Sustained Interventions from Infancy to Toddlerhood in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate for Preventing Early Childhood Caries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sivasubramanian Abirami ◽  
Noopur Panchanadikar ◽  
Murugan Satta Muthu ◽  
Suganya Balasubramanian ◽  
Jyotsna Murthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Childhood Caries

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained interventions in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) for preventing early childhood caries (ECC). This prospective, nonrandomized interventional cohort study was conducted in infants aged 0–12 months with congenital CLP. Interventions were given to parents/primary caregivers in the form of combined oral health-care measures (sterile wet gauze piece, finger brush, toothbrush, and toothpaste) by a motivational interviewing approach. Education of primary caregivers on oral hygiene was provided by audiovisual aids and demonstration. Reinforcement of the prescribed regimen was done through daily short message services in caregivers’ preferred language and bimonthly telephone calls. Participants were followed up for 9–32 months from the time of recruitment, with a mean period of 18.3 ± 5.1 months. Rates of dental caries were represented as prevalence rates, incidence density, and transitional probability. The distribution of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores on different tooth surfaces affected in the intervention group was compared descriptively with that of the age- and sex-matched historical control groups. On analysis of surface-wise distribution of the ICDAS scores in the intervention group (<i>n</i> = 1,919), 1.2% (<i>n</i> = 24) had noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1 and 2), 0.88% (<i>n</i> = 17) had cavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 3–6), and 0.26% (<i>n</i> = 5) had both cavitated and noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1–6). The incidence density of caries-affected children observed at the first and last follow-ups was 1.2 persons/100 person-months and 1.3 persons/100 person-months of observation, respectively. The incidence density of new caries-affected tooth surfaces at the first and last follow-ups was 0.163 surfaces/100 surface-months and 0.062 surfaces/100 surface-months, respectively. Maxillary first molars had the maximum transition from sound to the cavitated lesion (11.5%), followed by maxillary incisors from sound to noncavitated (7.5%) at the last follow-up. Based on the newly developed assessment criteria in our study, sustained interventions proved to be significantly effective in preventing ECC in children with CLP.

scholarly journals Early childhood feeding practices and dental caries among Australian preschoolers

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Devenish ◽  
Aqif Mukhtar ◽  
Andrea Begley ◽  
A John Spencer ◽  
W Murray Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Background Recent reviews have proposed a causal relationship between prolonged breastfeeding and early childhood caries (ECC), but the evidence to date is inconsistent, with few cohort studies and limited investigation of key confounders. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary practices and early childhood caries in a birth cohort of Australian preschoolers. Methods Participants underwent a standardized dental examination at 2–3 y of age to determine the prevalence of ECC (based on the presence of decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces). Breastfeeding practices were reported at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo of age. Intakes of free sugars were assessed at 1 and 2 y of age. Multivariable regression models generated prevalence ratios (PR) for the association between ECC and breastfeeding duration, and between ECC and sleep feeding practices at 1 y, controlling for sociodemographic factors and free sugars intake. Results There was no independent association between breastfeeding beyond 1 y of age and ECC (PR 1.42, 95% CI: 0.85, 2.38), or between breastfeeding to sleep and ECC (PR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.67, 1.88), although the direction of effect was suggestive of an association. The only factors independently associated with ECC were high free sugars intakes (PR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.44), and greater socioeconomic disadvantage (PR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.28). Most participants who were breastfed at 1 y of age had ceased by 18 mo or 2 y. Conclusions Breastfeeding practices were not associated with ECC. Given the wide-ranging benefits of breastfeeding, and the low prevalence of sustained breastfeeding in this study and Australia in general, recommendations to limit breastfeeding are unwarranted, and breastfeeding should be promoted in line with global and national recommendations. To reduce the prevalence of early childhood caries, improved efforts are needed to limit foods high in free sugars.

scholarly journals Prenatal Oral Health Care and Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xiao ◽  
Naemah Alkhers ◽  
Dorota T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski ◽  
Ronald J. Billings ◽  
Tong Tong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Childhood Caries

Despite the advancement of early childhood caries (ECC) prediction and treatment, ECC remains a significant public health burden in need of more effective preventive strategies. Pregnancy is an ideal period to promote ECC prevention given the profound influence of maternal oral health and behaviors on children’s oral health. However, studies have shown debatable results with respect to the effectiveness of ECC prevention by means of prenatal intervention. Therefore, this study systematically reviewed the scientific evidence relating to the association between prenatal oral health care, ECC incidence, and Streptococcus mutans carriage in children. Five studies (3 randomized control trials, 1 prospective cohort study, and 1 nested case-control study) were included for qualitative assessment. Tested prenatal oral health care included providing fluoride supplements, oral examinations/cleanings, oral health education, dental treatment referrals, and xylitol gum chewing. Four studies that assessed ECC incidence reduction were included in meta-analysis using an unconditional generalized linear mixed effects model with random study effects and age as a covariate. The estimated odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals suggested a protective effect of prenatal oral health care against ECC onset before 4 years of age: 0.12 (0.02, 0.77) at 1 year of age, 0.18 (0.05, 0.63) at 2 years of age, 0.25 (0.09, 0.64) at 3 years of age, and 0.35 (0.12, 1.00) at 4 years of age. Children’s S. mutans carriage was also significantly reduced in the intervention group. Future studies should consider testing strategies that restore an expectant mother’s oral health to a disease-free state during pregnancy.

Factors Influencing Early Childhood Caries of Cleft Lip and/or Palate Children Aged 18 to 36 Months in Southern Thailand

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerapong Mutarai ◽  
Wipapun Ritthagol ◽  
Jaranya Hunsrisakhun
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: To clarify whether oral health care behavior or oral cleft status influences early childhood caries in southern Thailand cleft children. Design: A comparative cross-sectional study. Patients, Participants: A total of 138 southern Thai children aged 18 to 36 months comprised two groups of 69 participants, one with cleft lip and/or palate and controls with no cleft. Methods: All children were examined for early childhood caries by using the severity (DMFT/tooth) index. A structured interview was conducted among caregivers, and then multiple regression analysis was applied. Results: Children with oral clefts had a larger number of early childhood caries (ECC) and poorer feeding habits than those without. From a structured questionnaire, the caregivers of children with clefts exercised poorer oral health behavior than those of the controls, but the cleft status was not an important factor for caries prevalence when oral health behaviors were controlled. Multivariate analysis showed that sweetened bottled milk consumption, night-time feeding habit, and frequent sugary food consumption were the variables significantly associated with dental caries. Conclusions: Children with oral clefts in southern Thailand had greater caries experience when compared with noncleft subjects. However, cleft status was not significant for ECC, and night-time feeding habit was the most important factor for higher ECC in children with clefts.

scholarly journals Phenotypes of Streptococcus mutans isolates in sound and cavitated tooth surfaces and its relationship to early childhood caries in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
Huihui Li ◽  
Zhenfei Guo ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Qingwei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of early childhood caries in a sub-urban population in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Ayodeji Babatunde Oginni ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Tracy L. Finlayson ◽  
Abiola Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cavitated Lesions ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of early childhood caries (ECC) in children 6–71-months; identify the teeth most at risk for ECC; and identify risk indicators associated with significant caries index (SiC) score in different age groups. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that collected data (using a household survey) on the ECC risk indicators (frequency of tooth brushing, consumption of refined carbohydrate in-between-meals, daily use of fluoridated toothpaste, and dental service utilization in the 12 months) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. We computed the prevalence of ECC using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDASI (d1–6)) index; caries severity using the ICDAS-2(d1–2) and ICDAS-3(d3–6) for non-cavitated and cavitated lesions respectively, decayed missing, filled teeth (dmft), and surfaces (dmfs) and SiC indices; and caries complications using the pulp (p), ulceration (u), fistula (f) and abscesses (a) (pufa) index, for children 6–11-months-old, 12–23-months-old, 23–35-months-old, 35–47-months-old; 48–59-months-old and 60–71-months-old. The differences in the mean dmft, dmfs, pufa scores, and ICDAS 1, 2, and 3 scores, and proportion of children with each ECC risk indicator were computed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk indicators for the ECC SiC index score for each age group. Results The prevalence of ECC was 4.7%: 2.9% had non-cavitated lesions and 2.8% had cavitated lesions. The mean (SD) dmft, dmfs and pufa scores were 0.13 (0.92), 0.24 (1.91) and 0.04 (0.46) respectively. The dmft and dmfs scores were highest among the 24–35-months-olds while the SiC score was highest among the 12–23-months-olds. There were no significant differences in dmft, dmfs, and pufa scores between the different age groups. Toothbrushing more than once a day was the only factor associated with the SiC score: it decreases the odds for the SiC score in children 48–59-months-old. The teeth worst affected by ECC were #85 and #61. Conclusion The prevalence, severity and risk indicator for ECC seems to differ for each age group. The granular details on the risk profile of children with ECC in this population with a low ECC prevalence and burden can allow for the planning of age-targeted interventions.

A Survey regarding Maternal Awareness about Oral Hygiene and Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in 3- to 6-year-old Children in Davangere, Karnataka, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
IE Neena ◽  
Yanina Singh ◽  
Abraham Ashwin Bahanan ◽  
SB Meghana
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Aim To create awareness among the parents (mothers) about early childhood caries (ECC), to provide information, and to check knowledge about oral hygiene measures. Materials and methods A total of 382 children aged 3 to 6 years were examined from play homes and schools in Davangere, Karnataka, India, by the modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. A questionnaire was given to all the mothers of the examined children to fill in the details to create awareness among mother’s oral hygiene measures. The collected data were then analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 17.0 software) to assess the prevalence of ECC and knowledge regarding ECC among mothers. Results About 64.7% of mothers clean their child’s mouth after feeding, 40.1% started practicing oral hygiene at the age of 12 months and practiced oral hygiene twice a day. Conclusion Results show that mothers were quite aware of oral hygiene measures. They know about the proper way of toothbrushing and also about the frequency of brushing. How to cite this article Neena IE, Poornima P, Singh Y, Bahanan AA, Meghana SB. A Survey regarding Maternal Awareness about Oral Hygiene and Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in 3- to 6-year-old Children in Davangere, Karnataka, India. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):6-8.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Educational Mobile Messages for Assisting in the Prevention of Early Childhood Caries: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre ◽  
Matheus Lotto ◽  
Anna Paola Strieder ◽  
Agnes Fátima Pereira Cruvinel ◽  
Thiago Cruvinel
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Childhood Caries

BACKGROUND In 2017, approximately 3.7 billion downloads of health apps were made on mobile phones and tablets. In this sense, a massive number of people could benefit by electronic mobile–based health interventions, making information available even with the lack of material and human resources. Hence, the use of electronic apps for dental education might be extremely useful for the prevention of early childhood caries (ECC). OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of messages sent via mobile phones as an adjuvant method for the prevention of ECC. METHODS A single-blinded, randomized, and parallel-group clinical trial will be conducted with dyads of parents or caregivers and children aged between 36 and 60 months, recruited from kindergartens and schools of Bauru, São Paulo. The determination of sample size resulted in a total of 104 dyads of parents and children, considering a power of 80%, a significance level of 5%, and an attrition of 30%. This sample will be randomly assigned to test and control groups, being divided in 52 dyads per group according to the health literacy levels of parents and the age, gender, and oral health status of children. Every 2 weeks, only participants in the test group will receive messages via WhatsApp containing preventive and education-related ECC information. The dyads will visit the dentist every 3 months during a year for the assessment of primary outcomes (sugar consumption and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System, visible plaque, and community periodontal indices) and to receive dental care measures. Secondary outcomes (electronic health literacy and general perceived self-efficacy) will be determined only at baseline and after 12-month follow-up. The quality of randomization will be evaluated throughout the study, comparing the test and control groups systematically by Student t tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Listwise deletion method will be applied in cases of dropouts, if the missing values satisfy the criteria of missing completely at random; otherwise, multiple imputation data strategy will be conducted. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests will be used to determine the normality and homogeneity of data, respectively, which will indicate further statistical analyses for elucidating significant differences between groups (P<.05). A Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test will be employed for parametric or nonparametric analyses, respectively. RESULTS The project was funded in 2018, and enrollment was completed in August 2019. Allocation is currently under way and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2020. CONCLUSIONS The results will contribute to understanding the importance of educational mobile messages toward the adoption of healthy behaviors for the prevention of ECC in a given population. CLINICALTRIAL Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Universal Trial Number U1111-1216-1393; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-2b6r7q INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/13656

scholarly journals Early Childhood Caries and Primary Caregiver Oral Health Literacy in Western Australia: a Systematic Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley ANDREW ◽  
Ruth WALLACE ◽  
Nicole WICKENS ◽  
Jilen PATEL
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Oral Health Literacy ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Early childhood caries disproportionately affects vulnerable groups and remains a leading cause of preventable hospital admissions for Western Australian children. The Western Australia State Oral Health Plan seeks to improve child oral health through universal and targeted health promotion initiatives with primary caregivers. These initiatives require evidence of primary caregiver health literacy and baseline data on Early childhood caries. The objective of this systematic scoping review is to understand current oral health literacy of primary caregivers of children aged 0 to 4 years, identify influential socioecological determinants, and identify data on Early childhood caries in the Western Australian context. Methods A systematic scoping review framework identified articles published between 1980 and 2021, using Scopus, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, selected article reference lists, and oral health websites. Articles were screened via author consensus, with eight selected. Results Data on early childhood caries in Western Australia is limited; the suggested prevalence of 2.9% based on data over 15 years old, however national data suggests an Early childhood caries prevalence of 3.4–8% of children aged 18 months rising sharply by 36 months of age. Fewer than half the primary caregivers reported following evidence-based oral health recommendations for their young children. Engagement with dentists tended to be reactive. Knowledge of dietary and oral hygiene practices were inconsistent and awareness of the Child Dental Benefit Schedule low. Young children’s oral health status was clearly associated with socioecological factors including socioeconomic status. Conclusions Early childhood caries data and primary care-givers’ oral health literacy evidence are unavailable in Western Australia. To realise the Western Australia State Oral Health Plan, research is required to address this knowledge gap.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine, Coconut Oil, Probiotics, and Ketoconazole onCandida albicansIsolated in Children with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vitro Study

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Shino ◽  
Faizal C. Peedikayil ◽  
Shyamala R. Jaiprakash ◽  
Gufran Ahmed Bijapur ◽  
Soni Kottayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background. Early childhood caries (ECC) is associated with early colonisation and high levels of cariogenic microorganisms. WithC. albicansbeing one of those, there is a need to determine the effectiveness of various chemotherapeutic agents against it. The study is aimed at isolatingCandidaspecies in children with ECC and at studying the antifungal effect of coconut oil, probiotics,Lactobacillus, and 0.2% chlorhexidine onC. albicansin comparison with ketoconazole.Materials and Methods. Samples were collected using sterile cotton swabs, swabbed on the tooth surfaces from children with ECC of 3 to 6 yrs and streaked on Sabouraud dextrose agar (HI Media) plates and incubated in a 5% CO2enriched atmosphere at 37°C for 24 hours.Candidawas isolated and its susceptibility to probiotics, chlorhexidine, ketoconazole, and coconut oil was determined using Disc Diffusion method.Results. The mean zone of inhibition for chlorhexidine was 21.8 mm, whereas for coconut oil it was 16.8 mm, for probiotics it was 13.5 mm, and for ketoconazole it was 22.3 mm. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (Chi-square value 7.42,Pvalue 0.06).Conclusion. Chlorhexidine and coconut oil have shown significant antifungal activity which is comparable with ketoconazole.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Trajectories on Obesity and Dental Caries in Preschool Children: Findings from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Narendar Manohar ◽  
Andrew Hayen ◽  
Jane A. Scott ◽  
Loc G. Do ◽  
Sameer Bhole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity ◽  
Childhood Caries

This study examines the impact of longitudinal dietary trajectories on obesity and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children in Australia. Mother–infant dyads from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids study were interviewed at 4 and 8 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years of age. Children underwent anthropometric and oral health assessments between 3 and 4 years of age. Multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression analysis were performed for the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the number of tooth surfaces with dental caries, respectively. The intake of core, discretionary, and sugary foods showed distinct quadratic (n = 3) trajectories with age. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 10% (n = 72) and that of early childhood caries (ECC) was 33% (mean decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) score: 1.96). Children with the highest trajectories of discretionary foods intake were more likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted OR: 2.51, 95 %CI: 1.16–5.42). Continued breastfeeding beyond 12 months was associated with higher dmfs scores (adjusted IRR: 2.17, 95 %CI: 1.27–3.73). Highest socioeconomic disadvantage was the most significant determinant for overweight or obesity (adjusted OR: 2.86, 95 %CI: 1.11–7.34) and ECC (adjusted IRR: 2.71, 95 %CI: 1.48–4.97). Targeted health promotion interventions should be designed to prevent the incidence of two highly prevalent conditions in preschool children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document