Soluble PD-L1 Concentration Is Proportional to the Expression of PD-L1 in Tissue and Is Associated with a Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We determined the soluble programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (sPD-L1) concentration in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and confirmed the PD-L1 expression in resected specimens. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Blood samples were collected from 73 patients with histologically proven ESCC. The serum levels of sPD-L1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations between the sPD-L1 concentration and the expression of PD-L1 in tumor specimens and tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, disease stage, and various laboratory data were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> sPD-L1 levels in patients with high PD-L1 expression levels in tumor tissue were significantly higher than in patients with low PD-L1 expression levels (<i>p</i> = 0.042). The OS of the sPD-L1-high group was significantly worse than that of the low group (<i>p</i> = 0.028). Similarly, patients in whom a tissue specimen was PD-L1-positive group showed significantly poorer OS. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The sPD-L1 concentration was correlated with the PD-L1 expression in tissues. Patients with PD-L1-positive tissue specimens showed significantly higher sPD-L1 levels in comparison to PD-L1-negative cases. Furthermore, patients with high sPD-L1 expression levels had a significantly worse prognosis than those with low sPD-L1 expression levels, and patients with a PD-L1-positive tissue specimen had a significantly worse prognosis than patients in whom the tissue specimen showed a low PD-L1 expression level.