scholarly journals Image investigation using higher moment statistics and edge detection for recognizing abnormal skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Afdhal Afdhal ◽  
Zulfikar Zulfikar ◽  
Zulhelmi Zulhelmi ◽  
Teuku Yuliar Arif
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Skin Abnormalities ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Animal Architecture

This paper discusses the recognition of skin abnormalities by investigating the images using high-level statistics and edge detection. Six images of skin diseases were analyzed using several statistical parameters, including high-level moments such as skewness and kurtosis. In comparison, some images from other categories such as animal, architecture, art, vehicle, food, people, and scenery have been analyzed as well. The results were compared to skin disease images. It is expected that the general pattern of statistical parameters can distinguish skin images against images from other categories. MatLab is used as a medium to calculate the values of statistical parameters. The mean and median of the skin disease image are much larger. Meanwhile, the standard deviation is the smallest compared to other categorical images. Almost all the analyzed images close to symmetry. Nearly all images category are distributed more leaning to the left, except for the images of the art category, which is slightly more leaning to the right. Moreover, the edge detection process has been done using the Sobel algorithm. The result, however, cannot clearly distinguish a skin's abnormality. This difficulty is because of the lack of accuracy in selection the intensity.

scholarly journals CELL DESIGN FOR GEARBOX ASSEMBLY

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Rudolf Jánoš ◽  
Baňasová Antónia
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Urgency of the research. Automation is the next step in increasing productivity and performance. It represents the autonomous management of the entire system as well as the assembly or production process. This completely eliminates a human factor from the work process. Target setting. Today's robots and manipulators are now autonomous. Automated systems can be found in almost all industries. They are an indispensable part of non-productive environments, but we can also find them in non-industrial areas as well. Their dynamic development extends to service robotics. For their productivity, they have reached a high level, but their development is constantly advancing by refining their subsystems, introducing new functional principles, or upgrading compo-nents and elements involved in the construction of these mechanisms. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. To meet the requirements of automatition cells, it was slowly being applied to flexible production systems. These are systems that consist of computers and are connected by means of control units. They are characterized by complexity, flexibility and, above all, the multiplicity of elements. Such flexible systems based on the modularity, that systems are composed of individual modules and subsystems that can be adapted as needed. Uninvestigated parts of general issues defining. Design of automated robotic workplaces, based on the intensive development of functional and especially kinematic structures of the workplace as a whole. The research objective. To what extent is it possible for the work process to be mechanized or automated depends also on the level of development of the used equipment. In today's development stage, design of automated device is also automated. The statement of basic materials. This article focuses on the design of the manipulator, whose main task is to perform the assembly. Analysis of the task illustrates the principle design of the solution, which is also the starting point for the design of the universal manipulator. Current requirements of application practice for robotic technology have caused increased requirements for its functions, characteristics and parameters which cannot be always covered by the traditional approach to its design and construction. Conclusions. In this article describes in more detail the knowledge and division of the proposed devices and mechanisms, which provides an initial understanding of design. By analyzing the problem and defining the necessary parameters, the design of the manipulator was developed. Festo's design software also helped to make the right choice.

scholarly journals Skin Diseases Prediction using Deep Learning Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4781-4784
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Dermatological diseases are found to induce a serious impact on the health of millions of people as everyone is affected by almost all types of skin disorders every year. Since the human analysis of such diseases takes some time and effort, and current methods are only used to analyse singular types of skin diseases, there is a need for a more high-level computer-aided expertise in the analysis and diagnosis of multi-type skin diseases. This paper proposes an approach to use computer-aided techniques in deep learning neural networks such as Convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Residual Neural Networks (ResNet) to predict skin diseases real-time and thus provides more accuracy than other neural networks.

scholarly journals Akurasi dalam Mendeteksi Penyakit Kulit Menular menggunakan Gabungan Metode Forward Chaining dengan Certainty Factor

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Deosa Putra Caniago ◽  
Sumijan
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Certainty Factor ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Forward Chaining ◽  
The Right ◽  
Infectious Skin Diseases

The skin is the outer protective organ for humans. Skin is the most interacting layer with the environment. Interactions that occur are not always safe against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, so they will cause harm. Poor interactions will result in skin diseases. This skin disease is often considered normal, but can be dangerous and deadly and contagious. Due to the natural conditions and lack of medical personnel, sufferers of skin diseases have problems in examining their skin diseases. So this research was conducted by using an Expert System (Expert System) to help sufferers of skin diseases and help get solutions to these diseases. The solution obtained from the symptoms felt by sufferers. The method used in this study is Forward Chaining (FC) and processed using the Certainty Factor (CF) Method. The results of this study can determine the right initial steps in dealing with infectious skin diseases. So this research is very helpful for sufferers in knowing the type of skin disease, the solution in its prevention and its prevention precisely.

scholarly journals Profil psoriasis di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2013 – Desember 2015

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle P. Boham ◽  
Pieter L. Suling ◽  
Herry E.J. Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Almost All

Abstract: Psoriasis is a skin disease that belongs to erythrosquamous dermatosis, characterized by erythema and scaling. Psoriasis are usually localized on the elbows, knees, and scalp, however, it can spread to almost all areas of the body. Its causes are still not known for certain but it is suspected that this disease is related to genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of psoriasis in the Dermatovenereology Clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from January 2013 to December 2015. This was a retrospective descriptive study using the medical record data. The results showed that of 3573 new cases of skin diseases, 188 were classified as psoriasis (5.26%). The majority of psoriasis cases were males (57.98%), aged 45-64 years (50.53%), occupation as housewife (16.48%), and diagnosed as psoriasis vulgaris (80.85%). Psoriasis typically found in the head, body, and extremities was found in 73.94% of cases. The most common type of treatment was a combination of topical corticosteroid and oral antihistamine (68.62%).Keywords: psoriasis, erythrosquamous dermatosis Abstrak: Psoriasis merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit kulit yang termasuk dalam golongan dermatosis eritroskuamosa, ditandai dengan adanya eritema dan skuama. Letak psoriasis dapat terlokalisir, misalnya pada siku, lutut, kulit kepala, atau menyerang hampir 100% luas tubuhnya. Penyebabnya belum diketahui secara pasti, namun diduga penyakit ini di[engaruhi oleh faktor genetik, imunologik, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil psoriasis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2013 – Desember 2015. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 3573 kunjungan baru penyakit kulit, terdapat 188 kasus baru psoriasis (5,26%). Mayoritas kasus ialah laki-laki (57,98%), usia 45-64 tahun (50,53%), pekerjaan tersering ibu rumah tangga (16,48%), dan diagnosis sebagai psoriasis vulgaris (80,85%). Psoriasis paling banyak mengenai kepala, badan, dan ekstremitas (73,94%). Terapi yang paling sering digunakan ialah kombinasi kortikosteroid topikal dan antihistamin oral (68,62%). Kata kunci: psoriasis, dermatosis eritroskuamosa

scholarly journals Ferrier Lecture - Fatigue following highly skilled work

1943 ◽  
Vol 131 (864) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marked Change ◽  
Central Field ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Internal Arrangement ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

If the character and causation of fatigue following highly skilled work are to be understood, the first need is for the discovery of more relevant and experimentally controlled facts. Un­fortunately, almost all the investigators who have attempted to study fatigue of this type have adopted methods taken over with very slight change from those which have proved valuable in the study of simple muscular fatigue. They have chosen elementary operations usually considered to require some 'mental’ effort—such as easy calculations, word or colour recognition and naming and the like—have repeated these operations over and over again for long periods, and have tried to express the resulting fatigue in terms of the diminution in quantity or quality of the work done. The skill fatigue of daily life is not set up under such conditions. Routine repetition of simple actions is not a characteristic of any highly skilled work, and least of all of work having a strong ‘mental’ component. The operations involved here are marked by complex, co-ordinated and accurately timed activities. The stimuli in response to which these activities are set up are neither simple nor do they usually fall into an order of fixed succession. They have the character of a field, or a pattern, which has become very highly organized, and may retain its identity in spite of a great diversity of internal arrangement. It is possible to develop fully controlled experimental situations in which these realistic considerations have full play. When this is done the picture of fatigue following highly skilled work which emerges has certain strongly marked characters. In such fatigue the ‘standards’ accepted and followed by the central nervous system unwittingly deteriorate. The operator tends to think that he is doing better work, because errors treated as significant all the time get wider and wider limits. Until a stage of great fatigue is reached, it is far more likely that the right actions will be performed at the wrong times than that the wrong actions will be performed. If accurate timing is insisted upon, gross mistakes of action may appear. The stimulus fields splits up. Its pattern character alters. It becomes a collection of unconnected signals for action, with some of these predominant over all the others. Particularly, stimuli which are in the margin of the pattern, not closely organized with the central field, are ignored, ‘forgotten’, and serious lapses of specific reactions occur. There is a marked change in the effect of certain ‘distracting’, or additional stimuli. Sensations of bodily origin, in particular, become more pressing and insistent and affect the performance in ways peculiar to the tired operator. Side by side with all these changes go constant subjective symptoms. Verbal reports about any circumstances connected with known failure of performance become increasingly inaccurate, and errors are regularly projected upon objective conditions, or attributed to the interference of other people. There is a tremendous growth of irritability. An attempt is made to discuss the light thrown by this picture upon the relation of high-level central nervous functions to simpler neuro-muscular mechanisms.

Development of Dermatological Skin Disease Detection and Classification based on Wavelet and ANN

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Revati Kadu ◽  
U. A. Belorkar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Wavelet Techniques

One of the most common and augmenting health problems in the world are related to skin. The most  unpredictable and one of the most difficult entities to automatically detect and evaluate is the human skin disease because of complexities of texture, tone, presence of hair and other distinctive features. Many cases of skin diseases in the world have triggered a need to develop an effective automated screening method for detection and diagnosis of the area of disease. Therefore the objective of this work is to develop a new technique for automated detection and analysis of the skin disease images based on color and texture information for skin disease screening. In this paper, system is proposed which detects the skin diseases using Wavelet Techniques and Artificial Neural Network. This paper presents a wavelet-based texture analysis method for classification of five types of skin diseases. The method applies tree-structured wavelet transform on different color channels of red, green and blue dermoscopy images, and employs various statistical measures and ratios on wavelet coefficients. In all 99 unique features are extracted from the image. By using Artificial Neural Network, the system successfully detects different types of dermatological skin diseases. It consists of mainly three phases image processing, training phase, detection  and classification phase.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR NSCLC: THE RIGHT TREATMENT FOR THE RIGHT PERSON

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Yelena Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Median Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality from malignant tumors all over the world. Since most patients at the time of diagnosis already have stage III-IV of the disease, the search for new effective treatment strategies for advanced NSCLC is the most important problem of modern oncology. The results of the study of the anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab were a real breakthrough in the treatment of NSCLC. In the KEYN0TE-001 study, the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells was validated as a predictive biomarker of the drug's efficiency. Pembrolizumab demonstrated the possibility of achieving long-term objective responses, and a 4-year 0S with all histological types in the subgroup of pre-treated patients with PD-L1 expression> 50% was 24.8% and 15.6% in the PD-L1> 1% group. In a phase 2/3 randomized study KEYN0TE-10 in the 2nd line treatment of NSCLC with PD-L1 expression > 1% pembrolizumab significantly increased life expectancy compared to docetaxel and confirmed the possibility of longterm duration of objective responses, even after cessation of treatment. Then the focus of research shifted to the 1st line of treatment. About 30% of patients with NSCLC have a high level of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and demonstrate the most impressive response to pembrolizumab therapy. A randomized phase 3 study KEYN0TE-024 compared the effectiveness of pembrolizumab monotherapy with a standard platinum combination in patients with advanced NSCLC with a high level of PD-L1 expression without EGFR mutations or ALK translocation. Compared with the platinum doublet the administration of pembrolizumab significantly increased all estimated parameters, including the median of progression-free survival (mPFS was 10.3 months versus 6 months; HR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.37-0.68, p < 0.001), the objective response rate (ORR 44.8% versus 27.8%), duration of response (in the pembrolizumab arm the median was not reached, in the chemotherapy (CT) group - 6.3 months). Despite the approved crossover, the use of pembrolizumab in the 1st line of treatment more than doubled the life expectancy of NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression as compared to CT: the median overall survival (OS) was 30.0 months versus 14.2 months (HR = 0.63, p = 0.002), 1-year OS 70.3% versus 54.8%; 2-year OS - 51.5% versus 34.5%. The remaining population to study were untreated patients with any level of PD-L1 expression. A randomized phase 3 study KEYNOTE-189 evaluated the effectiveness of adding pembrolizumab to the platinum combination in the 1st line treatment of non-squamous NSCLC without EGFR and ALK mutations with any PD-L1 expression. The addition of pembrolizumab to the standard 1st line CT significantly increased all estimated efficacy indicators including OS, PFS and ORR. After a median follow-up of 10.5 months the median OS in the pembrolizumab combination group was not reached and in CT group was 11.3 months. The estimated 12-months survival was 69.2% and 49.4% respectively (HR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.38-0,64; p <0.001). The median PFS was 8.8 months versus 4.9 months, alive 1 year without progression 34.1% and 17.3% of patients respectively (HR = 0.52; p <0.001). The ORR in the group with pembrolizumab reached 47.6% versus 18.9% in CT group, moreover the tumor regressions were much longer. Finally a randomized 3-phase study KEYN0TE-407 evaluated the effectiveness of adding pembrolizumab to 1st-line CT of NSCLC with squamous histology with any PD-L1 expression. As the first analysis showed, the addition of permboli-zumab significantly increased OS of patients with squamous NSCLC, median OS 15.9 months versus 11.3 months in the groups of pembrolizumab + CT and placebo + CT respectively (HR = 0.64; 95% CI 0,49-0.95; p = 0.0006), median PFS 6.4 months and 4.8 months respectively (HR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.450.70; p <0, 0001) and OrR 57.9% versus 38.4%, the median response duration 7.7 months versus 4.8 months. Thus, the convincing advantages of using pembrolizumab in 1st line therapy were demonstrated in 3 randomized phase 3 studies: in monotherapy of NSCLC of any histological subtype with high PD-L1 expression, and in combination with CT in squamous and non-squamous hystologies regardless of the level of PD-L1 expression.

Methyl mercury in the dutch rhine delta

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Pieters ◽  
Victor Geuke
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Continuous Sedimentation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Samples of yellow eel from various locations in the Dutch Rhine area have been analyzed for trend monitoring of mercury since 1977. In the western Rhine delta mercury levels in eels have hardly changed since the seventies, whereas in the eastern part of the Dutch Rhine area a considerable decrease of mercury concentrations in eel has occurred. Because of continuous sedimentation of contaminated suspended matter transported from upstream regions, accumulation rates and concentrations of mercury in eel in the western Rhine delta remained at a relatively high level. Analyses of methyl mercury in biota have been performed to elucidate the role of methyl mercury in the mercury contamination of the Dutch Rhine ecosystem. Low percentages of methyl mercury were observed in zooplankton (3 to 35%). In benthic organisms (mussels) percentages of methyl mercury ranged from 30 to 57%, while in fish species and liver of aquatic top predator birds almost all the mercury was present in the form of methyl mercury (&gt; 80%). During the period 1970-1990 mercury concentrations of suspended matter in the eastern Rhine delta have drastically decreased. These concentrations seemed to be highly correlated with mercury concentrations of eel (R = 0.84). The consequences of this relation are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of central auditory processes in Polish children and adolescents at the age from 7 to 16 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
Rafał Milner ◽  
Małgorzata Ganc ◽  
Elżbieta Włodarczyk ◽  
Joanna Dołżycka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Auditory Processes

AbstractThere are discrepancies in the literature regarding the course of central auditory processes (CAP) maturation in typically developing children and adolescents. The purpose of the study was to provide an overview of age – related improvement in CAP in Polish primary and secondary school students aged 7–16 years. 180 children/adolescents, subdivided into 9 age categories, and 20 adults (aged 18–24 years) performed the Dichotic Digit Test (DDT), Duration Pattern Test (DPT), Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Gap Detection Test (GDT) and adaptive Speech-in-Noise (aSpN). The 12-year-olds was retested after w week. We found the age effects only for the DDT, DPT and FPT. In the right ear DDT the 7-year-olds performed more poorly than all groups ≥12. In the left ear DDT both 7- and 8-year-olds achieved less correct responses compared with the 13-, 14-, 15-year-olds and with the adults. The right ear advantage was greater in the 7-year-olds than in the 15-year-olds and adult group. At the age of 7 there was lower DPT and FPT scores than in all participants ≥13 whereas the 8-year-olds obtained less correct responses in the FPT than all age categories ≥12. Almost all groups (except for the 7-year-olds) performed better in the DPT than FPT. The test-retest reliability for all tests was satisfactory. The study demonstrated that different CAP have their own patterns of improvement with age and some of them are specific for the Polish population. The psychoacoustic battery may be useful in screening for CAP disorders in Poland.

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