scholarly journals A Study of Meat Freshness Detection using Embedded-based pH Sensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Rajina R. Mohamed ◽  
Razali Yaacob ◽  
Mohamad A. Mohamed ◽  
Arniyati Ahmad ◽  
Munir Tajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Food Freshness ◽  
Litmus Paper

<p>For the past few years, food safety incidents often occur as a result of food poisoning from various food sources such as in schools, hospitals, night markets, street stalls and the like. When the quality of food is reduced due to the low level of freshness, cleanliness factor, safety and nutrition, it can contribute to health risks. According to World Health Organization, food poisoning ailment is a global problem and almost 1 in 10 people fall ill every year from eating degraded food and 420 000 die as a result. Factors such as cost savings, low awareness on food freshness and busy routine lifestyle aggravate the food poisoning problem. Hence it is important to at least maintain the freshness of the food mainly at the prominent area such as school and hospital. There are many methods used to test the freshness food, such as visual appearance, and also classical olfaction including normal olfactory and Scentometer, which requires trained panels to taste or smell the food samples to ensure the quality or strength of the odor. However, this method is rather subjective, because the human sense of smell and taste is different and may be influenced by the weather and experience. Conventional pH and litmus paper also are the alternatives, however the material itself is easily damaged and not suitable for the color blind person. In this paper, we presented raw meat examination using pH sensor based on food acidity. Examination of food freshness level is much easier using pH sensor since it is more practical to be used by consumers at home since it can be mobile, long lived, and accurate embedded-based application. Some testing has been conducted on sensor capability reacting with several buffer solutions on meat samples left at room temperature at various periods of time. Generally, the embedded pH sensor developed has successfully tested raw meat freshness level based on acidity level of meat.</p>

Comparison of Antibiogram, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Productivity, and Coagulase Genotypes among Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Animal and Vegetable Sources in Korea

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2541-2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIN SAN MOON ◽  
AE RI LEE ◽  
SEUNG HYEUP JAW ◽  
HYUN MI KANG ◽  
YI SEOK JOO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Mastitic Milk

Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus. We investigated the prevalence of such organisms in samples of bovine mastitic milk (n = 714), raw meat (n = 139), and vegetables (n = 616). We determined the degrees of relatedness of isolates as indicated by antibiogram, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) productivity, and coagulase gene restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We examined 297 S. aureus isolates and found SE production in 57 (31.8%), 4 (7.8%), and 49 (73.1%) isolates from raw milk, raw meat, and vegetables, respectively. A high proportion of the isolates obtained from milk produced more than two types of toxins (mainly SEA, SEB, and/or SEC), whereas isolates from raw meat and vegetables primarily produced SEA alone. Most isolates were sensitive to cephalothin (97.6%), gentamicin (80.8%), erythromycin (79.5%), and tetracycline (72.7%), but were resistant to penicillin (90.2%) and ampicillin (88.9%). The proportion of antibiotic-resistant isolates differed according the source of the bacteria; the milk and vegetable isolates were more resistant to penicillin and ampicillin than were the meat isolates (P &lt; 0.05), whereas tetracycline resistance was limited to the milk and vegetables isolates. The coagulase genotypes (I to XII) varied with the source of the organism, and only a few genotypes prevailed in each source: II (42.4%) and IV (24%) types in isolates from milk, IX (35.3%) and XI (45%) from raw meat, and III (40.3%) and XII (32.8%) from vegetables. These findings suggest that remarkable differences exist in antibiogram, SE productivity, and coagulase genotypes, resulting in limited clonal transmission of S. aureus into various food sources. As enterotoxin production only occurs when S. aureus grows to high numbers, staphylococcal food poisoning can be prevented by proper refrigeration.

KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA KERACUNAN “CUMI-CUMIAN” DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 1 TRASAN BANDONGAN KABUPATEN MAGELANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Nasir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
School Committee

Background: On May 4th, 2016, at 12:30 district surveillance officer of Magelang Health Department received reports from Public Health Center of Bandongan about 21 students of SDN 1 Trasan who suffered from the same food-poisoning symptoms. Objective: Investigation was carried out to identify the source, how it spread and how to control it. Methods: This study used descriptive analytic and mapping the cases distribution location. The case was people experiencing symptoms of dizziness or abdominal pain or nausea or vomiting. Data analysis was done by using bivariate analysis. Data collection were done through interviews, observations and laboratory tests on the food samples. Results: The case was 50 students (from 1-6 grade students). The perceived symptoms were dizziness (77%), nausea (42%), abdominal pain (40%) and vomiting (8%). Attack rate found ranged from 14.3% to 60% with the highest Attack rate found on class three (60%). The incubation period of 15-240 minutes (mean 72.3 minutes). Calamari like positive Bacillus cereus and Rhodamine-B 10 mg/kg. Conclusion: The outbreak of food poisoning because calamari like contaminated Bacillus cereus. We suggested the school committee to provide the socialization of harmful food for the students. The teachers should restrict the permission for the food vendor to sell at school.   Keywords: Bacillus cereus, , Food Poisoning, Outbreak, Rhodamine B, School Food

Multiplex PCR Detection of Enterotoxin Genes in Aeromonas spp. from Suspect Food Samples in Northern Taiwan

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2094-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU-CHANG CHANG ◽  
JAN-YI WANG ◽  
AMMAIYAPPAN SELVAM ◽  
SHU-CHEN KAO ◽  
SHANG-SHYNG YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Aeromonads possess an array of virulence factors and are causative agents of a number of human infections. Among them, genes of one cytotoxic (Act) and two cytotonic (Alt, Ast) enterotoxins are implicated in a human diarrheal disease. A rapid, specific, simultaneous detection of these enterotoxin genes in suspected food poisoning samples is not yet reported. Hence, a multiplex PCR assay was designed to amplify the cytotoxic (act), heat-labile cytotonic (alt), and heat-stable cytotonic (ast) enterotoxin genes of aeromonads. The PCR assay was tested with 133 Aeromonas spp. isolated from suspect food poisoning samples and retail samples of poultry and fish from wet markets in and around Taipei, Northern Taiwan. The Aeromonas spp. isolates were divided into six genotypes based on absence or presence of one or more enterotoxin genes. Of these 133 isolates, Aeromonas caviae (52.5%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (43.4%) were the most frequently isolated species from food poisoning samples and retail samples, respectively. Among the species, A. hydrophila had a significantly higher proportion for harboring three enterotoxin genes than had the others, whereas Aeromonas encheleia, considered a nonpathogen, was found harboring three enterotoxin genes. The multiplex PCR assays are rapid and specific, and provide a useful tool for the detection and genotyping of enterotoxin genes of aeromonads.

scholarly journals Prevalence of zinc deficiency among primary school children in a poor peri-urban informal settlement in South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folake O. Samuel ◽  
Abdulkadir A. Egal ◽  
Wilna H. Oldewage-Theron ◽  
Carin E. Napier ◽  
Christine S. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

This cross-sectional study assessed the risk of zinc deficiency in randomly selected children, aged between 7 and 11 years, living in a poor, peri-urban informal settlement in South Africa. Dietary intake of 149 respondents was evaluated by 24-hour recall and quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric and biochemical indices of a subset of 113 were determined. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearson correlations were computed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 14.0. Anthropometric data were analysed using the World Health Organization Anthro plus version 1.0.2 statistical software. Dietary data were analysed with FoodFinder® version 3. The mean age of the children was 9.0±1.1 years. Few zinc-rich sources appeared in the diet that was predominantly plant-based. Mean dietary zinc intake was 4.6±2.2 mg/day. The mean value of serum zinc was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, with 46% of the children having values less than the 70 µg/dL cut-off. The findings indicate a high risk of zinc deficiency and suboptimal zinc status for the majority of this study population of children, possibly as a result of low consumption of food sources with high bioavailability of zinc, which invariably is a direct consequence of poverty and food insecurity.OpsommingDie doel van hierdie dwarsdeursnitstudie was die bepaling van die risiko van ’n sinktekort in ’n ewekansige steekproef van 7 tot 11 jaar-oue kinders, woonagtig in ’n arm, voorstedelike informele woonbuurt in Suid Afrika. Dieetinnames van 149 respondente is geëvalueer deur 24-uur herroep en kwantitatiewe voedselfrekwensie vraelyste. Antropometriese en biochemiese indikatore van ’n kleiner steekproef van 113 is ook bepaal. Beskrywende statistiek, analise van variansie en Pearsonkorrelasies is bepaal deur die Statistical Package for Social Sciences, uitgawe 14.0. Antropometriese data is geanaliseer deur die statistiese program, Anthro plus, uitgawe 1.0.2, van die Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie. Dieetdata is met behulp van FoodFinder® uitgawe 3 geanaliseer. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die kinders was 9.0±1.1 jaar. Min sinkryke voedselbronne is in die hoofsaaklik plantryke dieet waargeneem. Die gemiddelde sinkinname was 4.6±2.2 mg/dag en die gemiddelde serumsinkwaarde was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, met 46% van die kinders se waardes onder die 70 µg/dL afsnypunt. Die bevindings dui op ’n hoë risiko vir sinktekort en suboptimale sinkstatus vir die meerderheid van hierdie kinders, moontlik as gevolg van die swak inname van voedselbronne met hoë biobeskikbare sink, wat gewoonlik ’n direkte gevolg van armoede en huishoudelike voedsel insekuriteit is.

scholarly journals Isolation of Enterococcus Species from Food Sources and Its Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus Aureus

2020 ◽  
pp. 3164-3171
Author(s):  
Andalus S. Atiyah ◽  
Marwa H. Alkhafaji
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Microbial Defense ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
By Products

The microbial production of substances that have the ability to inhibit the growth of other microorganisms is possibly the most common defense strategy developed in nature. Microorganisms produce a variable collection of microbial defense systems, which include antibiotics, metabolic by-products, lytic agents, bacteriocins and others. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify Enterococcus spp. and  its most prevalent species from food samples and determine its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. A total of 50 food samples from different sources (dairy products (20 samples) and vegetables and fish (15 samples each)) were collected from different local markets in Baghdad and cultured. Enterococcus spp were isolated from only 32 food samples. E. faecium was the most predominant species which was recovered from 20 samples (62.5 %), 10 dairies, 7 vegetables, and 2 fish. E. faecalis was found in 8 samples (25 %), 5 vegetables and 3 fish.  E. avium was recovered 6.25% as well as E. gallinarium (2 samples for each) Enterococcus avium were all isolated from dairy products but Enterococcus gallinarium one sample isolated from dairies and the other from fish. This study indicates the presence of Enterococcus spp. in the food samples and the ability of these bacteria to produce antibacterial substances which are active against closely related clinical isolates.

scholarly journals Salt intake and its sources in children, adolescents and adults in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushin Mohammadifard ◽  
Atena Mahdavi ◽  
Alireza Khosravi ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Added Salt

Background: There is little evidence about salt intake and its food sources in the Iranian population, especially in children and adolescents. Aims: To investigate salt intake and dietary sources in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014–2015. We randomly selected 1384 adults (50.3% female, 49.7% male) aged > 18 years [mean 37.9 (10.6) years], and 786 children and adolescents (50.9% male, 49.1% female) aged 618 years [mean 12.5 (3.4) years]. All participants underwent a dietary assessment for salt intake, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: The total salt intake was 10.9 (3.4) g/day in adults and 10.3 (2.9) g/day in children and adolescents. Added salt was the primary source of salt intake, followed by bread and cheese in both groups. Salt intake was related significantly to being younger, male, a smoker, less educated and physically active in the adult group. In children and adolescents, it was significantly associated with increasing age, male sex, low physical activity and parents’ education level (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Salt intake in Isfahan was more than twice that recommended by the World Health Organization. The main source of sodium was added salt, followed bread and cheese. Future national studies are warranted to assess the dietary salt intake and its main sources in different provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN PENDEKTESIAN ASAM DAN BASA BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO

Jurnal Teknik ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Triyono Suryo Atmojo
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
Litmus Paper ◽  
New System

Technological developments have left people tend to get used to working with the aid of automatic devices. The research that led to the automation has also been developed such as the detection of acid-base degree. The detector uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller components as the brains to run the program, and the pH sensor (Power of Hydrogen) as input that detect the state of a solution. In this solution and research tool used can be planned a new system. The system uses a microcontroller as a liaison between chemistry with the world of electrical technology. Produce percentage is almost close to perfect, as evidenced by the accuracy of the output of which is detected by a detector. In this study, the authors designed a detector-based acid-base arduino uno. The aim is to produce an acid-base detector with high accuracy than litmus paper sold in the market. With the alkaline acid detection devices are expected to ease the food industry, restaurants, and households in the detection of acid-base automatically. With an accuracy of ± 0.5 pH (25˚C).

scholarly journals Cost and consequences of using 7.1% chlorhexidine gel for newborn umbilical cord care in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lecia Brown ◽  
Alan Martin ◽  
Christopher Were ◽  
Nandita Biswas ◽  
Alexander Liakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Cord Care ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Umbilical Cord Care ◽  
Bed Days

Abstract Background: Umbilical-cord infection (omphalitis) is a major cause of neonatal mortality in Kenya. Chlorhexidine 7.1% digluconate gel, (CHX), delivering 4% chlorhexidine was identified as a life-saving commodity for newborn cord care by the United Nations and is included on the World Health Organization and Kenyan Essential Medicines Lists. Methods: We employed a cost-consequence model to assess resource saving and breakeven price of implementing CHX for neonatal umbilical cord care versus dry cord care (DCC) in a Kenyan birth cohort. Firstly, the number of omphalitis cases and cases avoided by healthcare sector were estimated. Economic outcomes associated with omphalitis cases avoided were then determined, including direct, indirect and total cost of care associated with omphalitis, resource use (outpatient visits and bed days) and societal impact (caregiver workdays lost). Treatment effect inputs were calculated from a Cochrane meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) (base case) and 2 other RCTs. Costs and other inputs were sourced from the literature and supplemented by expert clinical opinion/informed inputs, making assumptions as necessary. Reports: The model estimated that, over 1 year, ~23,000 omphalitis cases per 500,000 births could be avoided through CHX application versus DCC, circumventing ~13,000 outpatient visits, ~43,000 bed days and preserving ~114,000 workdays. CHX was associated with annual direct cost savings of ~590,000 US dollars (USD) versus DCC (not including drug-acquisition cost), increasing to ~2.5 million USD after including indirect costs (productivity, notional salary loss). The most-influential model parameter was relative risk of omphalitis with CHX versus DCC. Breakeven analysis identified a budget-neutral price for CHX use of 1.18 USD/course when accounting for direct cost savings only, and of 5.43 USD/course when also including indirect cost savings. The estimated breakeven price was robust to parameter input changes. DCC does not necessarily represent standard of care in Kenya; other, potentially harmful, approaches may be used, meaning cost savings may be understated. Conclusions: Estimated healthcare cost savings and potential health benefits provide compelling evidence to implement CHX for umbilical cord care in Kenya. We encourage comprehensive data collection to make future models and estimates of the impacts of upscaling CHX use more robust.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and mecA Genes Products in Selected Food Samples Collected from Different Areas in Khartoum State

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yahya Ahmed ◽  
Hashim Abdalbagi Ali ◽  
Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish ◽  
Sara Omer Ali ◽  
Eman Saif Aldein Abdalrhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxins

Staphylococcal food poisoning is an intoxication that results from the consumption of improperly prepared or stored foods containing sufficient amounts of one or more preformed S. aureus enterotoxins. Nowadays, many researchers worldwide noted an emergence of resistant strains such as Staphylococci particularly for the antibiotic methicillin. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the existence of Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxins, mecA genes, in selected food samples. A total of 400 selected food samples were collected from different areas in Khartoum State. The selected foods included cheese, meat products, fish, and raw milk. One hundred samples from each type of food were cultivated, and the resultant growth yielded 137 (34.25%) S. aureus, 126 (31.5%) bacteria other than S. aureus, and 137 (34.25%) yielded no growth. Eighty-four of the 137 S. aureus isolates were randomly selected and tested for the presence of mecA and enterotoxin genes. The oxacillin sensitivity test showed that 15 (11%) of 137 S. aureus isolates were oxacillin resistant. The PCR assay showed that the mecA gene was detected in 15 of 84 (17%) S. aureus isolates. Simultaneously, only 2 (2.385%) out of 84 S. aureus isolates showed an enterotoxin B gene product. There was a relatively moderate prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with very low frequency of enterotoxin B gene in different kinds of selected food samples collected from Khartoum State. These findings elucidate the increased risk on public in Khartoum being affected by Staphylococcal food poisoning upon consumption of dairy or meat products prepared in unhygienic conditions that could lead to intoxication by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins.

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