scholarly journals Design and performance analysis of stand-alone PV system at Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Anas Lateef Mahmood ◽  
Amina Mahmood Shakir ◽  
Bahaa Abdulkhaliq Numan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Parking Garage ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
The Impact

<p class="ICST-abstracttext"><span lang="EN-US">The use of the stand-alone PV systems for electric power generation is important to meet the needs of electric power, especially in countries that have major problems in the generation and continuity of electricity such as Iraq. The aim of this research is to design and simulate a stand-alone PV system installed on the roof of the parking garage in the College of Engineering at Al-Nahrain University for the purpose of using the electrical energy generated by this system to meet the energy demand of the daily light for the parking garage and engineering laboratories buildings beside it. <br /> The main factor in the design was the total area of the roof of the parking garage. The Pvsyst6 program is used to simulate the suggested PV system and to determine the effect of partial shading which caused by the trees surrounding the garage on the available generated power of the system. A comparison was made between four types of solar panels to see the suitability of these types to the weather conditions in Iraq, in addition to the impact of the shadows surrounding the garage. These types of solar panels were (CIS SL2-145, CdTe F-4112-3, Poly JAP6-60-260, and Mono JAM6-60-260), CdTe type showed better performance compared to other types in terms of available energy generated because it has small losses due to temperature and shadows. It was found that the best tilt angle of the solar panels in the case of shadows is 19o to the south. Finally, the financial analysis was made to see the economic feasibility of this PV system and it is found that the PV system that uses CdTe panels has the smallest kWh unit price (0.236 $/kWh) as compared with the other three types.</span></p>

scholarly journals Experimental Verification of Reconfiguration Techniques Applied For Partial Shading on Solar PV

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4196-4203
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Physical Location

Energy is the one of the basic requirements for sustained economic growth. To meet the growing requirement of energy, and to reduce the CO2 emission, many countries have chosen to meet its energy demand through renewable energy resources for sustainable development. Most popular renewable energy resources are solar and wind; due to the technological advancement in solar technology and its demand in the market made solar panels comparatively cheaper. One of the popular ways to extract solar power is installing solar rooftop. The main factor, which affects the performance of solar rooftop PV system, is power mismatch due to shading. In the literature, many reconfiguration methods have proposed based on electrical interconnections and physical location of the solar cell/modules. In this paper, physical-location based techniques are modified as electrical interconnection techniques and its performance is compared through experimentation at various shading patterns.

Impact of Rooftop PV Shading on Net Electrical Energy Demand of Buildings in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Maqbool ◽  
Arslan Dawood Butt ◽  
Abdul Rauf Bhatti ◽  
Yawar Ali Sheikh ◽  
Muhammad Waleed Asif
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
The Impact

This work performs a quantitative assessment of the impact of rooftop PV installation on building’s net energy demand using model of roof structure and steady state thermal simulations. For this purpose, roof structure typically used in Faisalabad, Pakistan is modeled with and without the shading effect due to a 395 W commercial rooftop PV setup. The simulated parameters include the impact of PV module’s dimensions, mounting position/angle alongside roof size and ambient conditions on heat load of air-conditioning system to maintain a temperature of 25 °C within building’s top floor. During the daylight hours of July, the heat load added by the roof on average reduces from 150.87 BTU/h/m2 without PV to 118.16 BTU/h/m2 with PV structure. This 20.05% reduction in energy demand has been achieved with July’s maximum daytime solar and infrared irradiances of 792.2 W/m2 and 466 W/m2 recorded at an average ambient temperature of 35.5 °C and wind speed of 2.75 m/s. This study provides valuable data on optimization of roof layer structure during building’s construction in anticipation of PV system installation at a later stage. Also developed techniques/methods to reduce building’s energy budget due to PV installation, can be valuable input for construction industry as well.

Partial Shading in Building Integrated PV System: Causes, Effects and Mitigating Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainal Salam ◽  
Zulkifli Ramli ◽  
Jubaer Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
Physical Reasons ◽  
The Impact

This paper is aimed to provide a holistic understanding on the issues related to partial shading: its causes, the theoretical and physical reasons behind it, its implications on the BIPV system. Furthermore  the possible mitigation techniques using the software (MPPT) and hardware solutions are discussed. Finally an example is given to illustrate the impact of partial shading and the economic benefits of employing various partial shading mitigation techniques into the BIPV system To aid the unfamiliar readers in this subject, a brief but comprehensive overview of important PV concepts are also given.

scholarly journals Techno-economic Analysis of Rooftop Photovoltaic System (RPVS) using Thin-Frameless Solar Panels for Household Customers in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (S) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Carolus Boromeus Rudationo ◽  
Bangun Novianto ◽  
Erkata Yandri ◽  
Herry Susanto ◽  
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Investment Cost

The availability of thin-frameless solar panels on the market today makes the installation of rooftop Photovoltaic (RPVS) systems more attractive. The purpose of this research is to analyze financially the use of thinframeless solar panels for on-grid RPVS by household electricity customers in Indonesia. The investment cost, the maintenance costs, and the electricity cost savings were involved for the financial analysis, such as Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Pay Back Period (PBP). The calculation is carried out for ideal conditions, the direction of a non-ideal rooftop and the yearly increase of electricity prices is 15 %. The analysis results show that the minimum available rooftop area is still sufficient for the rooftop area needs for solar panel placement, the thin solar panels are safer than standard solar panels, and savings on electricity payments for the return on investment of the RPVS is to be attractive with the IRR > 12 %. The average investment cost of the non-ideal condition is 8 % higher than the ideal condition. This study provides an overview to the policymakers and developers in exploiting the potential of RPVS, especially in Indonesia. For future research directions, this study needs to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of using hybrid smart-grid technology with batteries.

Online Electrovalency Formulating and Influence Factors Analysing of Photovoltaic Generation

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Qian Feng ◽  
Pei Kun Zhao ◽  
Hui Wei Shi ◽  
Jiong Zhu ◽  
Jie Lei Tu
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Pv System ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Impact

Photovaltaic power generation in the future world energy consumption will occupy an important position, not only to partially replace conventional energy sources, and will become the main energy supply. But at present, compared with conventional energy generation, photovoltaic electricity does not have a competitive advantage. So develop a reasonable electrovalency is the key to promote the healthy development of China’s photovoltaic industry. This paper use the net present value method of financial analysis to learn the generating capacity and investment cost of PV system combined with system’s characteristics and performance, discuss the unit cost of PV power and analyzed the impact of PV electricity price factors.

scholarly journals Partial shading by solar panels delays bloom, increases floral abundance during the late-season for pollinators in a dryland, agrivoltaic ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Graham ◽  
Serkan Ates ◽  
Andony P. Melathopoulos ◽  
Andrew R. Moldenke ◽  
Sandra J. DeBano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHabitat for pollinators is declining worldwide, threatening the health of both wild and agricultural ecosystems. Photovoltaic solar energy installation is booming, frequently near agricultural lands, where the land underneath ground-mounted photovoltaic panels is traditionally unused. Some solar developers and agriculturalists in the United States are filling the solar understory with habitat for pollinating insects in efforts to maximize land-use efficiency in agricultural lands. However, the impact of the solar panel canopy on the understory pollinator-plant community is unknown. Here we investigated the effects of solar arrays on plant composition, bloom timing and foraging behavior of pollinators from June to September (after peak bloom) in full shade plots and partial shade plots under solar panels as well as in full sun plots (controls) outside of the solar panels. We found that floral abundance increased and bloom timing was delayed in the partial shade plots, which has the potential to benefit late-season foragers in water-limited ecosystems. Pollinator abundance, diversity, and richness were similar in full sun and partial shade plots, both greater than in full shade. Pollinator-flower visitation rates did not differ among treatments at this scale. This demonstrates that pollinators will use habitat under solar arrays, despite variations in community structure across shade gradients. We anticipate that these findings will inform local farmers and solar developers who manage solar understories, as well as agriculture and pollinator health advocates as they seek land for pollinator habitat restoration in target areas.

scholarly journals Investigation of Partial Shading Scenarios on a Photovoltaic Array’s Characteristics

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Abdelilah Chalh ◽  
Aboubakr El Hammoumi ◽  
Saad Motahhir ◽  
Abdelaziz El Ghzizal ◽  
Aziz Derouich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Power ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of different partial shading scenarios on a PV array’s characteristics in order to develop a simple and easy-to-implement GMPP controller that tracks the PV array’s global maximum power point (GMPP). The P-V characteristic of the PV array becomes more complicated under partial shading, owing to the presence of many power peaks, as opposed to uniform irradiance conditions, when there is only one peak called the maximum power point. In fact, and according to an experiment conducted in this study, when a PV array is partially shaded, the P-V characteristic mostly presents two peaks, given the existence of only two levels of irradiance, one of which is called the global peak (i.e., the GMPP). Furthermore, the first peak is located at Vmpp1 (the PV array’s voltage corresponds to this peak), whereas the second is at Vmpp2. The proposed approach works by estimating the values of Vmpp1 and Vmpp2 using two equations in order to control the DC/DC converter of the PV system. The first equation is used when the GMPP is at the first peak, while the other is used when the GMPP is at the second peak. Several scenarios are simulated and presented in this paper to verify the accuracy of these equations. In addition, some conclusions are drawn to suggest a simple method for tracking the GMPP.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Poly-Crystal PV Panels Performance by Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger Cooling System

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Khaleel Abushgair
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Pv System ◽  
System A ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Back Panel ◽  
The Impact

The temperature of silicon Poly-Crystal photovoltaic (PV) solar panels has a significant impact on their efficiency emphasizing the necessity of cooling approach to be used. The current study looked at the impact of adopting a unique forced convictive air-to-air heat exchanger as a cooling approach to boost the efficiency of PV solar panels, as efficiency of silicon Poly-Crystal PV solar panels would decrease as its temperature increased. The research was carried out experimentally with both an uncooled and cooled PV system. A unique cooling system for PV panels was designed and experimentally investigated in Amman, Jordan included a heat exchanger connected to a blower that drove ambient air over the back-panel surface and a chimney to draw the cooled air outside. This cooling system would improve the PV panel's efficiency. It was found that by directing cooled air over the bottom surface of the PV module at an ideal rate of 0.01020 m3/s, the temperature of the PV module could be reduced from an average of 40 °C (without cooling) to 34 °C. As a result, the efficiency and output power of PV modules increased by roughly 2 % and 12.8 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Sizing and Evaluation of Battery Energy Storage Integrated with Photovoltaic Systems.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. V. Vieira ◽  
Felipe P. G. Silva ◽  
Bruna F. Pinheiro ◽  
Edson C. Bortoni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides a review of the most common energy storage technologies and analysis of the impact of battery energy storage (BES) in a distribution network with penetration of photovoltaic. In order to reduce the intermittence impacts caused by solar panels (PV), is proposed the use an energy storage elements to stabilize the energy produced, dependent of the irradiation and temperature. Different storage technologies were considered as a function of the costs. A 100 kW PV system with integration of an energy storage was used for the simulated and analysis.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Solar Tree Structure for Efficient LED Street Lighting

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2453-2456
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Small Space ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Design Structure

: This paper shows the design of solar tree PV system for street lighting. In current days with enhancing the population and the energy demand, the Renewable Energy Source (RES) plays a major role and also, this energy could not cause any pollution and other natural hazards. The solar energy is more suitable one for this among other RES. India is a highly populated country, so the merit of such a solar energy that needs a very small space to produce energy efficiently. Flat or roof top mountings of PV systems are needed large land areas and problems in production of PV systems voltage due to partial shading of PV panels. Also, the scarcity of land is greatest problem in cities and particularly in urban areas in India. In order to overcome these harms, Solar Tree Structure Power Generation (STSPG) is developed. Hence, this article presents a design and fabrication of 120 Watts STSPG pilot plant for efficient LED street light application. The design structure of STSPG includes the support structure used to represent the leaves, the height, orientation and tilt angle of these leaves.

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