Online Electrovalency Formulating and Influence Factors Analysing of Photovoltaic Generation

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Qian Feng ◽  
Pei Kun Zhao ◽  
Hui Wei Shi ◽  
Jiong Zhu ◽  
Jie Lei Tu
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Pv System ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Impact

Photovaltaic power generation in the future world energy consumption will occupy an important position, not only to partially replace conventional energy sources, and will become the main energy supply. But at present, compared with conventional energy generation, photovoltaic electricity does not have a competitive advantage. So develop a reasonable electrovalency is the key to promote the healthy development of China’s photovoltaic industry. This paper use the net present value method of financial analysis to learn the generating capacity and investment cost of PV system combined with system’s characteristics and performance, discuss the unit cost of PV power and analyzed the impact of PV electricity price factors.

scholarly journals Financial Analysis of 18kW Solar Photovoltaic Baidi Microgrid at Baidi, Tanahun, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Sanjaya Neupane ◽  
Ajay Kumar Jha ◽  
Anirudh Prasad Sah
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Average Unit ◽  
Micro Grid

 This study presents financial evaluation of 18 kW solar photovoltaic powered Baidi Micro Grid implemented by Alternative Energy Promotion Center (AEPC) in Dubung village, Rising Gaupalika, Tanahun district of Nepal. The grid is built and is operational under Baidi Micro Grid Pvt. Ltd, a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) established under “Pro-Poor Public Private Partnership (5P)” concept supported by United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) & International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). It is pilot project under 5P concept in Nepal. People from Dubung and Mauribas village as well as Saral Urja Nepal Pvt Ltd (SUN) jointly owns the SPV strengthening not only technical, managerial and financial support but also the community participation and engagement in all decision making process. The total cost of the project is NPR 13,395,000.00 at 2015 AD. The grant for the project was of value NPR 11,295,000.00 from AEPC, IFAD and UNESCAP and remaining was equity of SUN. The net present value of NPR -10,978,605.76 is obtained at 3% discount rate due to unavoidable replacement cost of batteries, charge controllers, inverters and high initial investment without the consideration of the grant amount. Whereas, with 84.32% utilization of available grant, the NPV worth of NPR 384,394.22 is obtained for the project. In breakeven analysis, a breakeven point of the project is obtained at 81.87% utilization of the grant. Without grant, project like Baidi Micro Grid will not sustain. In addition, average unit cost of electricity is found to be NPR 37.08 but it varied from NPR 16.67 to NPR 80.81. Household consuming more electricity has to pay less unit cost of electricity whereas household consuming less electricity had to pay higher unit cost of electricity.

SYLVER: Modelling the Impact of Silviculture on Yield, Lumber Value, and Economic Return

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Product Value ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Impact

Intensive forest management requires an understanding of the effect that silvicultural treatments have on wood properties, standing yield, log quality, product value, and net present value. These needs are addressed by a system of models (SYLVER) which includes the Tree and Stand Simulator (TASS), Root Rot Simulator (ROTSIM), Sawmill Simulator (SAWSIM), and the new Financial Analysis System (FAN$Y). The latter will be used by field foresters to compare the merits of candidate treatments for specific stands. Key words: Silviculture, growth and yield, juvenile wood, log quality, end-product value, net present value, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Phellinus weirii, modelling, TASS, ROTSIM, SAWSIM, FAN$Y, SYLVER.

scholarly journals A Quadratically Constrained Optimization Problem for Determining the Optimal Nominal Power of a PV System in Net-Metering Model: A Case Study for Croatia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1746
Author(s):  
Luka Budin ◽  
Goran Grdenić ◽  
Marko Delimar
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Discrete Optimization Problem ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
Quadratically Constrained ◽  
The Impact

The world’s demand for electrical energy is increasing rapidly while the use of fossil fuels is getting limited more and more by energy policies and the need for reducing the impact of climate change. New sources of energy are required to fulfill the world’s demand for electricity and they are currently found in renewable sources of energy, especially in solar and wind power. Choosing the optimal PV nominal power minimizes the unnecessary surplus of electrical energy that is exported to the grid and thus is not making any impact on the grid more than necessary. Oversizing the PV system according to the Croatian net-metering model results in switching the calculation of the costs to the prosumer model which results in a decrease of the project’s net present value (NPV) and an increase in the payback period (PP). This paper focuses on formulating and solving the optimization problem for determining the optimal nominal power of a grid-connected PV system with a case study for Croatia using multiple scenarios in the variability of electricity production and consumption. In this paper, PV systems are simulated in the power range that corresponds to a typical annual high-tariff consumption in Croatian households. Choosing the optimal power of the PV system maximizes the investor’s NPV of the project as well as savings on the electricity costs. The PP is also minimized and is determined by the PV production, household consumption, discount rate, and geographic location. The optimization problem is classified as a quadratically constrained discrete optimization problem, where the value of the optimal PV power is not a continuous variable because the PV power changes with a step of one PV panel power. Modeling and simulations are implemented in Python using the Gurobi optimization solver.

Comparing the Benefits of Monitoring Versus Preemptive Replacement or Repair

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Woodcock ◽  
Laurent P. Houssay
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
The Impact

Today, utilities are faced with many equipment maintenance decisions, including whether to implement periodic replacement or to begin an inspection or condition monitoring program. Determination of an optimum maintenance strategy can be difficult because of the financial implications and the probabilistic aspect of the aging process. The Proactive Aging Management (PAM) Tool is a program that can be implemented by utilities to achieve maintenance optimization. PAM supports the decision making process by providing a financial analysis that assesses the impact of outage, inspection, repair and replacement costs together with the effects of aging on the failure rates of a particular component. PAM evaluates the present value of each maintenance strategy and optimizes maintenance parameters such as replacement date or inspection frequency. Component level models in PAM allow the system engineer to determine the best maintenance strategy for a given component. This paper describes an application of PAM that compares the options of inspection or proactive replacement to a base case run-to-failure strategy. The net present value (NPV) over the life of the plant is the metric by which strategies are compared. The NPV is generated for several combinations of inspection and proactive replacement costs. The results provide insight on the optimum choice based on the respective relative costs of each strategy.

scholarly journals Economic results of Croatian farms

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Vesna Očić ◽  
Branka Šakić Bobić ◽  
Mario Njavro
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the paper is to provide an overview of the situation and performance of Croatian farms. Croatian farmers rarely keep business books and therefore farm level business data are deficient. Croatian accession to the European Union in 2013 brought numerous innovations to agricultural sector. One is introduction of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) which aims to determine the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on national agriculture of EU member states. The sample of Croatian FADN comprises 1,250 commercial farms. The paper brings results of agricultural sector financial analysis for the period 2011-2013. Total farm output decreased, but since the stronger decrease trend occurred in total inputs, this led to positive trend of gross and net farm income in the year 2013. Positive results are also shown at efficiency and productivity of Croatian farms. In the years 2011 and 2012 farms operated below the efficiency level while in 2013 efficiency increased above the efficiency level. In the observed period there was a 70% increase in productivity. The analysis shows that the most efficient farms are those in vegetables and flowers type. It also has the highest debt ratio due to their capital intensiveness. The vegetable and floriculture farms have the largest gross farm income in all three analysed years, but with a large drop in 2013, while the farms in type pigs and poultry have largest increase of gross farm income in last observed year.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the impact factors of employee compensation incentive of big data enterprises based on structural equations

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Shen Qing Qing ◽  
Feng Jiang Hua
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Through the perspective of employees of big data enterprises in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, data were obtained in the form of questionnaire research, the significance of the influence factors of compensation incentive is evaluated, and the use of the empirical method of structural equations is obtained, and all indicators play a positive incentive role. Among them, the four indicators of salary performance, prospect promotion, equity incentives and welfare benefits are highly motivating. At the same time, four countermeasures are put forward:1. While implementing long-term and short-term salary incentives, pay attention to the principle of ability and performance first; 2. Provide basic benefits and improve the retirement mechanism for employees; 3. Strengthen humanistic care and create simple interpersonal relationships and good communication atmosphere; 4. Improve the post promotion mechanism, clear employee career channel.

scholarly journals Design and performance analysis of stand-alone PV system at Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Anas Lateef Mahmood ◽  
Amina Mahmood Shakir ◽  
Bahaa Abdulkhaliq Numan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Parking Garage ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
The Impact

<p class="ICST-abstracttext"><span lang="EN-US">The use of the stand-alone PV systems for electric power generation is important to meet the needs of electric power, especially in countries that have major problems in the generation and continuity of electricity such as Iraq. The aim of this research is to design and simulate a stand-alone PV system installed on the roof of the parking garage in the College of Engineering at Al-Nahrain University for the purpose of using the electrical energy generated by this system to meet the energy demand of the daily light for the parking garage and engineering laboratories buildings beside it. <br /> The main factor in the design was the total area of the roof of the parking garage. The Pvsyst6 program is used to simulate the suggested PV system and to determine the effect of partial shading which caused by the trees surrounding the garage on the available generated power of the system. A comparison was made between four types of solar panels to see the suitability of these types to the weather conditions in Iraq, in addition to the impact of the shadows surrounding the garage. These types of solar panels were (CIS SL2-145, CdTe F-4112-3, Poly JAP6-60-260, and Mono JAM6-60-260), CdTe type showed better performance compared to other types in terms of available energy generated because it has small losses due to temperature and shadows. It was found that the best tilt angle of the solar panels in the case of shadows is 19o to the south. Finally, the financial analysis was made to see the economic feasibility of this PV system and it is found that the PV system that uses CdTe panels has the smallest kWh unit price (0.236 $/kWh) as compared with the other three types.</span></p>

Business entities of the digital economy and evaluation problems of the efficiency of their activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Halyna PARTYN ◽  
◽  
Anatoliy ZAGORODNY ◽  
Liubomyr PYLYPENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Resource Support ◽  
The Impact

The peculiarities of the digital economy enterprises are analyzed, their main advantages and risks are established. Factors and problems of value formation of such enterprises are determined. The criteria for evaluating the efficiency of digital economy enterprises are substantiated, as well as the methods and indicators that should be used for this purpose. The peculiarities of the relations of these enterprises with stakeholders and the need to take them into account when evaluating the results of activities are revealed. A feature of the modern economy is the introduction of digital technologies in all business processes of economic entities, as well as the separation of the entire sector of the economy associated with the creation of products and services using these technologies – enterprises of the digital economy. Resource support for the operation of such enterprises covers mainly intangible factors of production, products have a virtual (digital) nature with a rapid rate of aging, and the activity itself –global dissemination. These and other factors necessitate the development of new or improvement of existing tools for assessing the financial position and performance of enterprises of the digital economy. The purpose of the article is to identify the consequences of digitalization of business processes for businesses, highlight the features of the digital economy, identify problems in assessing the effectiveness of their activities and financial condition, as well as substantiate proposals for their solution based on financial and non-financial indicators. Taking into account the listed features and factors of functioning of enterprises of digital economy the basic criteria of the estimation of a condition and results of their activity are formulated, directions of adaptation of methods of the strategic and marketing analysis are proved and indicators which should be used in the course of realization of these methods are offered. It is established that when identifying and determining the results of the digital economy the impact of the relationship with stakeholders should be taken into account.. Indicators of evaluation of innovative activity and innovative potential of these enterprises are offered, the peculiarities of conducting a financial analysis of their activities taking into account the factors of generating economic benefits are revealed.

scholarly journals Financial performance of Slovak insurance companies. Covid-19 consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Janka Grofcikova ◽  
Katarina Izakova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Globalization trends are manifested at many levels as key phenomena of current business in the international environment. The development of international cooperation, interconnection of economies and emergence of multinational companies enable companies to increase their efficiency and performance, strengthen their position in the global market, which makes them resilient to global risks and increases investors’ return on investment. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic with its related side effects present significant global risks that have affected strong financial companies, insurance companies included. Risk-insuring insurers face several challenges in this regard in terms of fulfillment of contractual obligations towards clients on the one hand, and the need to ensure the required financial performance and return on invested resources for the owners on the other. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to identify and quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related measures and consequences on the financial situation of insurance companies with the seat in Slovakia. Methods: The financial performance of insurance companies will be quantified for the years 2016-2020 through selected indicators of financial analysis that are used by Standard & Poor’s. Significance of differences will be detected through the Wilcoxon Two-Related-Samples Test. The sample of entities includes all insurance companies seated in Slovakia. Findings & Value added: The basic characteristics of the Slovak insurance market within the period 2019-2020 indicate a decrease in value of gross written premiums (-2.47%), insurance claims and benefits (-12.3%) and an increase of the reinsurer’s share of written premiums (2.17%) and of claims paid (22.54%).

scholarly journals Analisis Dampak Ekonomi Pelaksanaan Jalan Simpang Rukis - Tanjung Kemuning Provinsi Bengkulu

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Azuwandri Azuwandri
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Road User ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Public transportation is transportation that is needed by most urban communities, a city cannot survive without public transportation. The main objective of this study is to determine the reduction of road user costs and financial analysis of NPV (Net Present Value) and BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio). The research method used is descriptive which is used to analyze the impact of time and cost savings, the method used is a descriptive statistical method, NPV and BCR Financial Impact Testing and investment feasibility sensitivity analysis. The results showed the cost efficiency of road users was Rp. 600,001.24 and increase travel speed to 50 km / hour. Vehicle Operating Costs (BOK) consist of fixed costs and operational cost components. Efficiency of expansion of vehicle operations to Rp. 1,921,187. From the financial analysis the implementation path of Simpang Rukis - Tanjung Kemuning is economically feasible. This is the result of a performance with NPV of Rp. 1,921,187, -> 0 and BCR 1.18> 1. Sensitivity analysis is shown when costs increase by 15%, NPV is Rp. 1,921,187 and BCR decreased to 1.03. When the benefits decrease by 15%, the NPV drops to Rp. 1,306,921,187 and BCR up to 1,004. When costs increase by 15% and benefits decrease by 15%, the NPV drops to Rp. 1,306,921,187 and BCR to 0.87 and the road is economically unfeasible. Conclusion, with the construction and maintenance of roads and bridges at Simpang Rukis - Tanjung Kemuning, it is hoped that the pace of transportation is efficient and economical so that it can accelerate the economy of Bengkulu province, especially the people of Simpang Rukis - Tanjung Kemuning. Keywords: Economic Feasibility, NPV, BCR, Sensitivity Analysis

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