scholarly journals Activity and Time Value of Public Passenger Transportation Users During the Covid-19 Pandemic in 2020 (Bus of Batik Solo Trans Corridor 4 in Surakarta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Amirotul Musthofiah Hidayah Mahmudah ◽  
Syafi’I ◽  
Dewi Handayani ◽  
Slamet Jauhari Legowo ◽  
Widi Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Stated Preference ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Time Value ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Transportation Sector

The Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 has a significant impact on all countries' social and economic conditions, including Indonesia. It is fitting that social and economic changes also affect the transportation sector. The value of economic benefits in one public facility operation also depreciated due to the economic recession. One of the variables that can be reviewed is the time value of public passenger transportation users (AUP) to measure how much depreciation has occurred. This study specifically for travel is learning, using the bus mode Batik Solo Trans (BST) Corridor 4. Development of scenarios for questionnaires with stated preference methods, using the choice mode between motorbikes and AUP as an option, and the mode utility is approached with the equation multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis show that the time value of the user in the fleet is IDR 274.67 / hour for a distance of 8.35 km and the Time Value for a distance of 13.0 km = IDR 240.82 / hour with a Value of Activity (VoA) which is close to zero because the activity in the fleet has no financial value. This time value is considerably smaller than the AUP time value with the same intention of trip, studying, which was analyzed in 2015, which was IDR 4,708 / hour.

scholarly journals Solar Photovoltaic Assistance System Study for a Brazilian Light Rail Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Mariko De Almeida Carneiro ◽  
Diogo Da Fonseca Soares
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Rail Vehicle ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Recently, much research is being developed to improve sustainability in the transportation sector due to its impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) production, climate change, and fossil fuel resources. Railways in the world have started to use solar power assistance to improve sustainability in the transportation sector. The Brazilian Company of Urban Trains operates a Brazilian Light Rail Vehicle (BLRV) for passenger transportation in Brazil. This article is a study on the potential of environmental and economic benefits of the installation of solar panels in the BLRV roof, operated in the urban metropolitan area of João Pessoa, to provide assistance on electric load. The results show that the installation of photovoltaic system in the roofs of the total fleet of BLRVs operated in João Pessoa railway can save about R$ 800,000.00 and reduce the emission of 540 tons of CO2 in 10 years.

Mutual fund management in the period of financial crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
О. А. Bank
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Fixed Income ◽  
Fund Management ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Different Types

Mutual fund managers do not have full freedom in choosing investment strategies - they are limited both by the laws and by investment declarations of the funds. Investment strategy cannot be fully changed even in financial crisis but it only can be corrected. This fact could not be characterized as a disadvantage because different types of funds are efficient in different time even during the same economic recession. Mutual fund manager should rationally invest funds of their clients: it is better to keep the maximum possible part of the portfolio in cash and instruments with fixed income on the declining market and it is better to keep shares on the rising market. However the choice of bonds also as the choice of shares should pay respect for the features of these instruments during unfavorable economic conditions. Russian mutual fund management differs from fund management in other countries as in stable economic situation so in the circumstances of financial crisis.

scholarly journals The Time Equation Explaining Equations in Physics and Economics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Time Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Number Lines ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
Consumption And Saving ◽  
The Relationship

Researchers know a little about time. If they could not find where time was, they could not study it. The objective of this study was to find where time was. Any numbers in three principal axes were used to be data. Galileo’s concept of the relationship among distance, speed, and time was used to find a position of a value of time in any number lines in a three-dimensional body. Mathematical derivative was used to prove the positions of the values of time. The investigation found that time is in all number lines including three principal axes. Also, the time equation can be used to calculate the exact position of any values of time in the line. The equation can be used to explain equations in science such as equations of Newton, Einstein, and Plank, and social science such as equations of consumption and saving in macroeconomics. If researchers use the time equation to explain N equations, then a time value can get at least N variables of N equations. The speed of calculation will increase. The equation will be used to open new characteristics about time and others because mathematicians use numbers to represent everything in nature

‘Legitimate Commerce’ and Peanut Production in Portuguese Guinea, 1840s–1880s

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joye L. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
West African ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Peanut Production

This article examines the transition from the slave trade to ‘legitimate commerce’ in Portuguese Guinea between 1840 and 1880. Peanuts became the principal export crop. They were cultivated on plantation-like establishments called feitorias located primarily along the banks of the Rio Grande and on Bolama Island. From the 1840s through the 1870s, Luso-African, other Euro-African and European traders built these feitorias. These traders depended upon both slave and contract labour to cultivate their export crop.Although Portugal claimed Portuguese Guinea, French trading houses dominated ‘legitimate commerce’ in this West African enclave. The demand for increased peanut production came from the burgeoning French oil mills rather than from Portuguese industries. French merchants supplied the ships needed to transport the crop as well as many of the imported goods sold locally. By the 1870s the Portuguese realized they needed to break this French monopoly. By that time Europe was suffering from an economic recession, peanut prices were falling and cheaper oilseeds from India and America were entering the market. Portugal's attempts to establish commercial dominance met with little success.The economic crisis of the 1870s not only created difficulties for feitoria owners and their workers, but also for Fulbe groups in the process of expansion. These Fulbe wanted to establish political control in order to reap the economic benefits the peanut trade offered — especially access to firearms and in turn, slaves. As peanut production fell from 1879 onward, Fulbe groups began fighting amongst themselves for control of shrinking resources. By 1887, the feitoria system and this phase of peanut production had ended. The Portuguese, like the Fulbe, had to look for new ways to survive economically.

Economic Recession and Quality of Education: Experiences of 3336 Canadian Teachers

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1231-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
School Facilities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Related Discipline ◽  
Perceived Impact

A sample of 3336 teachers from across Canada described the current socioeconomic conditions of their students, schools, and local communities and indicated the frequencies with which they observed particular students' problems (personal, economic-related, discipline), and the adequacy of school facilities, programs, and resources. They also reported how these had changed over a 2-yr. period. Poorer economic conditions (more fathers unemployed, higher current unemployment rates) were significantly related to students' more frequent problems and less adequate facilities, resources, and programs. Deterioration (more frequent problems, less adequate facilities and programs) was consistently related to perceived impact of the economic recession.

Globalization and the Economy: What Students Think

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Patricia C Borstorff ◽  
Mark W Hearn ◽  
Falynn Turley
Keyword(s):  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Economic Expansion ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Government Interference

Do attitudes toward globalization change with economic conditions? This paper compares student attitudes during an economic expansion with student attitudes during an economic recession. Globalization has resulted in lower prices, more choices, and a blurring of the lines of national identity for many products. Its impact also includes loss of domestic jobs, trade disputes, and challenges to national sovereignty by organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Two surveys were administered in the College of Commerce and Business Administration at an AACSB-accredited southeastern United States university. The first took place in 2003 while the region was enjoying low unemployment and a vigorous economic expansion. The second was administered in 2009 during a time of significantly higher unemployment and economic recession. The 2003 survey found very positive views towards most aspects of globalization. In contrast, the second survey during markedly more depressed economic times found students were more concerned with their own self-interest, preferring less government interference and less globalization. The results suggest that attempts to promote trade agreements should consider economic conditions as part of their process of developing public support.

scholarly journals LOCAL ECONOMIC VOTING AND RESIDENCE-BASED REGIONALISM IN SOUTH KOREA: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2007 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Chang Kang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Regional Parties ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Individual

AbstractRegional bloc voting in South Korea has been ascribed to voters’ psychological attachments to birthplace. This article seeks to expand the existing discussion of regionalism by showing that economic conditions in voters’ places of residence affect vote choices at the individual level and produce clustering of votes at the aggregate level in South Korea. While the idea of residence-based regionalism has previously been suggested, empirical scrutiny of the idea has been limited. Exploiting a Bayesian multilevel strategy, this article provides evidence that short-term economic changes at the province level affected voters’ choices in the 2007 presidential election in South Korea, independent of the long-term political affiliation between regional parties and their constituents. The positive association between local economic conditions and vote choices remains significant, controlling for perceptions of national economic conditions and other individual level covariates such as age and political attitudes.

When the owl of Minerva flew at dusk: marketing in Greater Germany, 1918‐1939

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Fullerton
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
German Language ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Peripheral Position ◽  
The Usa

PurposeDuring the 1920s and into the 1930s, German‐language work on consumer behavior led the world; for example, segmentation was clearly discussed from the late 1920s. The purpose of this paper is to show how marketing thought in Germany and Austria reached a peak even as the environmental substructure that sustained it was being seriously eroded by political and economic changes that forever consigned it to a peripheral position upon the world stage.Design/methodology/approachThe design of the study is a critical historical one relying heavily upon documents produced during the period discussed. Statements are weighed and evaluated.FindingsThe paper finds that very impressive, at times world‐leading, work was being done in the 1920s and early 1930s, particularly in the areas of segmentation and what would later become known as consumer behavior. Much of what later became known as Motivation Research, or example, was pioneered in Germany and Austria before 1934.Research limitations/ implicationsThe primary implication is that a great deal of marketing thought developed outside the USA, sometimes drawing upon US marketing thought, in other cases developing completely independently. A second implication is that marketing thought can be weakened by political and economic conditions, as Germany and Austria painfully experienced.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore historical German and Austrian marketing thought in a cross‐cultural manner, comparing and contrasting them with thought developed elsewhere.

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Risk Measurement Models on Bitcoin Market during COVID-19 Pandemic

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Danai Likitratcharoen ◽  
Nopadon Kronprasert ◽  
Karawan Wiwattanalamphong ◽  
Chakrin Pinmanee
Keyword(s):  
Value At Risk ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Var Models ◽  
Independence Test ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
A Value

Since late 2019, during one of the largest pandemics in history, COVID-19, global economic recession has continued. Therefore, investors seek an alternative investment that generates profits during this financially risky situation. Cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, has become a new currency tool for speculators and investors, and it is expected to be used in future exchanges. Therefore, this paper uses a Value at Risk (VaR) model to measure the risk of investment in Bitcoin. In this paper, we showed the results of the predicted daily loss of investment by using the historical simulation VaR model, the delta-normal VaR model, and the Monte Carlo simulation VaR model with the confidence levels of 99%, 95%, and 90%. This paper displayed backtesting methods to investigate the accuracy of VaR models, which consisted of the Kupiec’s POF and the Kupiec’s TUFF statistical testing results. Finally, Christoffersen’s independence test and Christoffersen’s interval forecasts evaluation showed effectiveness in the predictions for the robustness of VaR models for each confidence level.

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