scholarly journals Вплив чотирихлористого вуглецю на стан вільнорадикальних процесів організму щурів та морфологічні зміни у товстій кишці

Author(s):  
A. M. Pryshlyak ◽  
S. I. Yavorska ◽  
Т. К. Holovatа ◽  
B. Y. Reminetskyy

Introduction. Increased admission of herbal compounds in organism of humans and animals can trigger the development of functional disorders and pathological changes of the digestive system and in particular the colon.The aim of the study – tо evaluate the state of free radical processes and morphological changes in the colon with toxic experimental animals exposed by carbon tetrachloride.Research Methods. The study was performed on 44 white male rats weighing 180–200 g which were divided into 4 groups: group 1 – control (almost healthy animals); group 2–4 – rats with simulated toxic lesion by CCl4. Intragastric CCl4 was administered in 50.0 % oil solution at a rate of 0.2 ml of pure substance per100 g of body weight. The intensity of free radical processes evaluated with the level of malondialdehyde and diene conjugates, determined using spectrophotometric techniques; antioxidant system – with the activity of catalase in blood. According to the conventional method histological preparations were made. For qualitative and morphometric analysis system of a visual analysis of images using camera Vision Color CCD program and Inter Video Win DVR UTHSCSA Image Tool were used.Results and Discussion. The results shows that animals carbon tetrachloride intoxication is accompanied by activation of free radical oxidation of lipids, as evidenced by the increase in blood serum of animal content as malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC) throughout the experiment, with the maximum concentration observed in malondialdehyde 7 days after poisoning. Under the influence of CC14 catalase activity increases in serum at the second, seventh and fourteenth days of the experiment in 1.3, 1.2 and 2.4 times respectively. Morphometric techniques revealed a significant restructuring of the mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer and serous membrane of the colon, accompanied by severe vascular disorders of alterative, infiltrative processes and changes of morphometric parameters of the colon’s wall structures at tissue and organ levels.Conclusions. In the case of CCl4 damage, the processes of free radical oxidation take place, the accumulation of toxic products of lipid peroxidation in the blood and the weakening of the enzyme system of antioxidant protection occur. A significant structural and morphometric reconstruction of the mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serous membranes of the colon has been established.

Author(s):  
A. G. Zhukova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova ◽  
A. S. Kazitskaya ◽  
T. K. Yadykina ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
...  

Introduction. Fluorine compounds in small doses, but with prolonged exposure, cause various disorders in organs at the cellular and molecular levels. Activation of free-radical processes plays an important role in the damaging eff ect of fl uorides. Th erefore, one of the most eff ective ways to limit fl uorine-induced damage is to directly aff ect free-radical processes using herbal preparations with antioxidant properties.The aim of the study is to study the eff ect of a dihydroquercetin-based drug on the activity of free radical processes in brain tissue under subchronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF).Materials and methods. Th e work was performed on white male laboratory rats weighing 200-250 g. Th e rats were divided into 3 groups: 1 — control; 2 — rats with chronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF) for 9 weeks; 3 — rats receiving a NAF solution with simultaneous administration of a complex drug based on dihydroquercetin at a dose of 3 mg/kg in 1% starch gel for 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The activity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes — superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase-was determined in the cerebral cortex. Th e level of expression of hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF — 1A and inducible forms of proteins HSP72 and HSP32 were determined in the cytosolic fraction of brain tissue.Results. In the early stages of subchronic fl uoride exposure (1-3 weeks), the expression of protective proteins HIF-1α, HSP72, HSP32 and catalase was shown in the rat cortex, as a result of which the activity of free-radical processes was maintained at the control level. An increase in the timing of fl uoride intake to 9 weeks led to a decrease in antioxidant protection and signifi cant activation of free radical oxidation in brain tissue. Daily administration of a complex drug with dihydroquercetin for 3, 6 and 9 weeks to rats with subchronic fl uoride exposure led to a decrease in the severity of pro- and antioxidant balance disorders in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the greatest protective eff ect of dihydroquercetin with fl uoride exposure was manifested by the 9th week of its administration.Conclusions. When subchronic intake of fl uorides in the body, the drug based on dihydroquercetin has a neuroprotective eff ect, which is manifested by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes of fr ee radical oxidation and catalase and the resistance of the cortex to induced fr ee radical oxidation.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Y. Iskusnykh ◽  
Tatyana N. Popova ◽  
Aleksander A. Agarkov ◽  
Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho ◽  
Stanislav G. Rjevskiy

Correlation between intensity of free radical processes estimated by biochemiluminesce parameters, content of lipoperoxidation products, and changes of glutathione peroxidase (GP, EC 1.11.1.9) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities at rats liver injury, after 12, 36, 70, 96, 110, and 125 hours & tetrachloromethane administration have been investigated. The histological examination of the liver sections of rats showed that prominent hepatocytes with marked vacuolisation and inflammatory cells which were arranged around the necrotic tissue are more at 96 h after exposure to CCl4. Moreover maximum increase in GR and GP activities, 2.1 and 2.5 times, respectively, was observed at 96 h after exposure to CCl4, what coincided with the maximum of free radical oxidation processes. Using a combination of reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction, expression of the glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes (Gpx1 and Gsr) was analyzed by the determination of their respective mRNAs in the rat liver tissue under toxic hepatitis conditions. The analyses of Gpx1 and Gsr expression revealed that the transcript levels increased in 2.5- and 3.0-folds, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that the amounts of hepatic Gpx1 and Gsr proteins increased considerably after CCl4administration. It can be proposed that the overexpression of these enzymes could be a mechanism of enhancement of hepatocytes tolerance to oxidative stress.


2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Popov ◽  
A.N. Pashkov ◽  
V.I. Zoloedov ◽  
T.N. Popova ◽  
T.I. Rakhmanova

The work purpose was research of degree of free-radical processes intensity and catalase activity in blood serum of patients with a thyreotoxicosis syndrome at traditional treatment and the combined therapy with epifamin. Patients (n=25) have been divided into 2 groups: the first group of patients - 12 persons who are on traditional treatment (antithyreoid drugs, β-adrenoblockers); the second group - 13 persons, are padding to basic therapy received epifamin on 1 tablet (10 mg) 3 times a day 10-15 minutes prior to meal within 7 days. Patients with thyreotoxicosis syndrome had an intensification of free-radical oxidation that was traced at measurement of biochemiluminescence parameters in blood serum. At the combined therapy with epifamin less expressed intensity of free-radical processes, and also increasing of the general antioxidant activity of an organism that did not descend at traditional treatment was observed. At carrying out of standard therapy of thyreotoxicosis syndrome, including application of antithyreoid drugs and β-adrenoblockers, catalase activity decreased, that unfavorable affected antioxidant potential of an organism. At the combined therapy with epifamin level of catalase activity, on the contrary, increased, that could influence positively on antioxidant protection of an organism.


2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.Y. Iskusnykh ◽  
T.N. Popova ◽  
O.S. Musharova

The correlation between changes in activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in heart of rats during development of adrenaline myocarditis and intensity of free radical processes estimated by biochemiluminesce parameters and the content of lipoperoxidation products was demonstrated. The maximal increase of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities (in 1.8 and 1.4 times accordingly) was observed t 24 h after the development of the pathological process; this coincided with the maximum intensity of prosesses of free radical oxidation. Using combination of reverse transcriptions with real-time polymerase chain reaction the cardiac mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes were determined during the development of adrenaline myocarditis in rats. Analysis of expression of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes showed, that the level of this transcripts demonstrated 2,8- and 7,3- increase in rats with adrenaline myocarditis, respectively. Obviously, overexpression of these enzymes can increase the resistance of cardiomyocites to oxidative stress.


2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Avvakumova ◽  
F.H. Kamilov ◽  
A.V. Zhdanova ◽  
I.A. Men’shikova ◽  
Yu.V. Zhernov ◽  
...  

The effect of individual components of humic substances of peloid on free radical oxidation processes has been investigated under conditions of oxidative stress induced in albino rats. Biological activity of peloids was determined using such parameters as the general antioxidant activity, activity superoxide dismutases, catalases and glutathione peroxidases on the third and tenth day of the experiment. Results indicate that the state of oxidative stress can be corrected on the third day of the experiment. Humic acids restore not only normal physiological redox systems, but also increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes on the 10th day.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Marina Samotrueva ◽  
Anna Yasenyavskaya ◽  
Aleksandra Tsibizova ◽  
Jumazia Erizhepova ◽  
Nikolai Myasoedov ◽  
...  

The experiment is devoted to the study of the antioxidant properties of neuropeptides from melanocortins ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro (Semax) and ACTH(6-9)-ProGly-Pro under conditions of experimental depression. The study was carried out on white outbred male rats. In the process of modeling experimental depression (social stress) inter-male confrontations were observed as a result of which groups of animals with aggressive and submissive behaviors were formed. The free radical oxidation processes were assessed by determining the activity of catalase, the initial content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the rate of spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the hypothalamic and prefrontal regions of the brain by spectrophotometric method. It was found that under the influence of melanocortins, there is a pronounced suppression of the processes of free radical oxidation in the hypothalamic and prefrontal regions of the brain, which arose against the background of a stressful load which is manifested by a decrease in the indicators of the oxidative process.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Anastasiya S. Brichagina ◽  
Mariya I. Dolgikh ◽  
Larisa R. Kolesnikova ◽  
Larisa V. Natyaganova

Various pathologies, in particular hypertension, accompany violation of the processes of free radical oxidation. The state of the system lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection can be assessed only by a complex of biochemical methods. The chemiluminescent method is used to obtain a faster result. The method has a number of advantages: measurement of chemiluminescence parameters is carried out in natural conditions and does not require sample preparation, is highly selective, it can be used to identify the presence of free radical pathology, analysis of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, the effectiveness of treatment with antioxidant medicament. The aim of the research was to study the lipid peroxidation under hypertension and stress by chemiluminescence. The experiment was conducted on male rats of the ISIAH line. The experiment consisted of 2 stages: stage of alarm and stage of chronic stress. We found that, depending on the type of stress, the state of the system lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection differed. The role of stress in violation of the processes of lipoperoxidation in hypertension was established. The efficacy of the chemiluminescence method as an alternative to a complex of biochemical methods is shown. Express assessment of pro- and antioxidant status is possible for patients with hypertension.


Author(s):  
Ye. O. Loza ◽  
M. I. Marushchak

Introduction. Wound healing according to modern concepts is a coordinated process that passes through certain stages with the participation of different cells and products of its vital functions that regulate the healing process. It is well known that in patients with diabetes there is a violation of the process of wound healing, although until now, all the features of diabetes underlying such an inclination have not been fully understood.The aim of the study – to identify the features of oxidative stress on the background of diabetes mellitus in the rat's homogenate when different methods of closing wounds had been used. Research Methods. The experiment was conducted on 60 male rats weighing 280–320 g, which pre-simulated diabetes mellitus and surgical wounds. To detect the activation of free radical oxidation processes, the content of active forms of oxygen (AFC), lipid hydroperoxides (HPL), diene conjugates (DK) and trienic conjugates (TC) and oxidation modifications of proteins (OMP370 and OMP430). To study the antioxidant defense system, activity of superoxide dismutase was determined. Also, the activity of catalase and sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups) was determined.Results and Discussion. The research conducted by us showed that during the wounded process, on the background of diabetes, the activity of free radical oxidation processes increased. However, in the animal skin homogenates, which are labeled "Dermabond", all indices are significantly lower than in the group of animals that have been sewed over the course of all research periods. In the early stages of scar formation (3 days), an increase in the activity of the antioxidant defense system in both groups was observed. At the same time, in the experimental group of animals, which imposed the nodal seams, the activity of SOD and catalase significantly exceeded the skin index of animals, which applied glue and made (199.81±7.59) UM and (175.02±8.31) cat/kg, respectively.Conclusion. The use of skin glue reduces the intensity of the course of free radical oxidation in the cells of the scar tissue of the postoperative wound in conditions of diabetes mellitus in comparison with the imposition of nodal sutures on it: in the skin of animals, which is applied to the "Dermabond" glue, all indicators are significantly lower than in the group of animals, which imposed seam joints, throughout all research periods. 


Author(s):  
O. M. Larycheva

The experiments on male rats demonstrated that under the conditions of pleurisy induced by carrageenan and short melatonin deficit, a significant increase in the level of reactive oxygen species and products of lipid peroxidation in the lungs takes place.


Author(s):  
А.В. Ефремов ◽  
Т.П. Храмых ◽  
Н.В. Говорова ◽  
П.А. Ермолаев

Введение. Ведущим патогенетическим фактором массивной кровопотери является гипоксия, инициирующая активацию процессов свободнорадикального окисления (СРО) в органах и тканях и системный воспалительный ответ. Показано, что одним из универсальных звеньев формирования множественной органной дисфункции при кровопотере является изменение проницаемости кишечной стенки с транслокацией микрофлоры и токсинов в системный кровоток на фоне реперфузии. В последнее время внимание исследователей привлекает эффект анестетического прекондиционирования, в том числе при операциях, сопровождающихся геморрагической гипотензией (ГГ). Цель исследования - оценка в эксперименте динамики процессов СРО в тонкой кишке при геморрагической гипотензии на фоне применения анестетика севофлурана, обладающего эффектом анестетического прекондиционирования. Методика. Эксперименты проведены на 105 белых крысах-самцах. ГГ моделировали, используя в 1-й группе в качестве анестетика эфир во 2-й - анестетик севофлуран. Контролем служили 2 группы интактных животных: одна - с эфиром, другая - с севофлураном. Для оценки процессов СРО через 15 мин, 30 мин, 1 ч, 2 ч ГГ забирали фрагменты тонкой кишки. Исследование хемилюминесценции (ХЛ) гомогенатов тонкой кишки проводили по методу Р.Р. Фархутдинова, используя хемилюминомер “Флюорат АБЛФ-2Т”. Регистрировались показатели СРО: спонтанная светимость (СС), вспышка (В), светосумма (С∑). Результаты. Через 15 мин ГГ (2-я группа,. севофлуран) обнаружено повышение показателя СС в тощей кишке на 33%; снижение показателя В в 12-пк в 2 раза, в тощей и подвздошной кишке - на 24 и 36% соответственно. Показатель С∑ снижался в 12-пк на 36%, в тощей и подвздошной кишке - на 45% и 52% соответственно по сравнению с 1-й группой (эфир). На 30-й мин показатель СС в тощей кишке повышался на 80%. На фоне ГГ при применении севофлурана отмечено снижение показателя В в 12-пк на 38%, в тощей кишке на 22%, а в подвздошной в 3 раза. Через 1 ч ГГ при использовании севофлурана наблюдалось повышение СС в в тощей кишке в 2 раза, в 12-пк и подвздошной - на на 38% и 15% соответственно. Показатель В снижался в 12-пк на 67, в тощей - на 43%; Показатель С∑ в 12-пк и тощей кишке снижался в 2,6 и 2,5 раза, в подвздошной - на 70% по сравнению с группой «эфир». Через 2 ч ГГ в группе «севофлуран» обнаружено увеличение СС в тощей и подвздошной кишках на 80% и в 3 раза, соответственно, по сравнению с эфирным наркозом. При этом наблюдалось уменьшение С∑ в 12-п и тощей кишке - на на 24% и 15% соответственно. Заключение. На фоне ГГ наблюдается активация процессов СРО в тонкой кишке при использовании эфира; прекондиционирование анестетиком севофлураном способствовало значительному ограничению окислительного стресса в тонкой кишке крыс возможно за счет активации антиоксидантной системы. Introduction. The major pathogenetic factor of massive blood loss is hypoxia, which triggers activation of free-radical oxidation (FRO) processes in organs and tissues and the systemic inflammatory response. A universal factor of multiple organ dysfunction in blood loss is altered intestinal wall permeability with translocation of microflora and toxins into the systemic circulation during reperfusion. Recently, much of the attention has been focused on effects of anesthetic preconditioning, including during operations associated with hemorrhagic hypotension (HH). The aim of this study was to evaluate in experiment the dynamics of small intestinal FRO in HH during the use of the anesthetic sevoflurane, which has an effect of anesthetic preconditioning. Methods. Experiments were performed on 105 white male rats divided into two groups; groups 1 and 2 were exposed to HH with ether or sevoflurane as the anesthetic, respectively. Two groups of intact animals treated with ether or sevoflurane were used as the controls. Five animals died during the experiment. To evaluate FRO processes, samples of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were taken at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h of HH. The chemiluminescence (CL) study of small intestine homogenates was performed according to the Farukhutdinov method on a Fluorate ABLF-2T chemiluninometer. The following FRO indexes were recorded: spontaneous luminosity (SL), flash (F), and light sum (L∑). Significance of differences was determined with the Mann-Whitney test. Results. In the sevoflurane group 2 compared to the ether group after 15 min of HH, SL was increased in the jejunum by 33%; F was decreased in the duodenum by 50%, in the jejunum by 24%, and in the ileum by 36%; L∑ was decreased in the duodenum by 36%, in the jejunum by 45%, and in the ileum by 52%. At 30 min, SL in the jejunum was increased by 80%. In the HH+sevoflurane group, F was decreased in the duodenum by 38%, in the jejunum by 22%, and in the ileum by 27%; L∑ in the duodenum was decreased by 44%, in the jejunum by 45%, and in the ileum by 67%. After 1 h of HH+sevofluran, SL was increased in the jejunum twofold, in the duodenum by 38% and in the ileum by 15%; F was decreased in the duodenum by 67% and in the jejunum by 43%; L∑ in the duodenum was decreased by 62%, in the jejunum by 60%, and in the ileum by 70% compared to the ether group. After 2 h of HH+sevofluran, SL was increased in the jejunum and ileum by 80% and 67%, respectively, compared to the ether group. In this process, L∑ in the duodenum was decreased by 24% and in the jejunum by 15%. Conclusion. The HH+diethyl ether exposure was associated with activation of FRO processes in the small intestine. The sevoflurane preconditioning provided a significant restriction of oxidative stress in the rat small intestine due to activation of the antioxidant system in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at 1 h, 15 min, and 30 min of HH, respectively.


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