scholarly journals Surveys of the bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) community in a Neotropical savanna using pan traps

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. e20206031
Author(s):  
Thaís Andrade Viana ◽  
Anete Pedro Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Pan Traps ◽  
Bee Abundance ◽  
Local Habitat

Bee populations are declining because of various synergistic threats, and therefore bee survey and monitoring programs are needed. Several techniques have been developed to survey bees, but the most cost-effective and suitable methods to sample bees in several sites at the same time are passive approaches, such as methods involving colored pan traps (also known as Moericke or bowl traps). Several bee surveys using pan traps have been conducted in North America, Europe, and Australia, but only a few such surveys have been done in tropical regions. We used colored pan traps (blue, yellow, and white) to assess the bee community in the Brazilian savanna ecosystem in Rio Preto State Park. Sampling was conducted in October 2013 and March 2014 along permanent trails. We also characterized the local habitat of each trail, and then we compared bee abundance with habitat complexity. In total, 187 individual bees (n = 15 species) were collected, mainly using blue and white traps. Although we were not able to sample most species that were previously recorded in this park, the pan trap method can be used to survey and monitor bee assemblages in combination with another sampling method. Habitat complexity also affected the numbers of bees sampled using the pan traps, and more bees were collected at open sites.

Effect of meadow regeneration on bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) abundance and diversity in southern Ontario, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Rutgers-Kelly ◽  
Miriam H. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Bee Diversity ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pan Traps ◽  
Bee Abundance

AbstractTo investigate how bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) communities repopulate habitat following severe disturbances, we compared assemblages in new, regenerating landfill sites planted in 2003, recent landfill sites planted in 2000, and control meadows relatively undisturbed for >40 years. All sites were identically sampled using pan traps and sweep netting, from early May to late September 2003, equalising collection effort among sites. In addition, we carried out five-minute aerial net samplings wherever sites contained large patches of wildflowers. We predicted that abundance and diversity of bees would be highest in recent sites and lowest in new sites. This prediction was partially supported: bees were most abundant in recent sites followed by control, then new sites, but species richness was highest (82 species) in recent sites, followed by new sites (67 species), then control (66 species). A randomisation analysis showed that there were more species than expected in new sites and fewer than expected in control sites. Differences in blossom availability likely explain differences in bee abundance and diversity among habitat regeneration levels. Overall, our results suggest that the bee community recolonised newly available sites immediately in the first year and that bee diversity and abundance increased for at least three years, subsequently declining between three and 40 years.

Bee diversity in naturalizing patches of Carolinian grasslands in southern Ontario, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Richards ◽  
A. Rutgers-Kelly ◽  
J. Gibbs ◽  
J.L. Vickruck ◽  
S.M. Rehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Bee Diversity ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Pan Traps ◽  
Bee Abundance

AbstractThe bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Niagara Peninsula, at the eastern end of the Carolinian Zone in Ontario, Canada, is poorly known. From April to October 2003, we studied bee abundance and diversity in set-aside grasslands at Brock University and the Glenridge Quarry Naturalization Site in southern St. Catharines, Ontario. Using three sampling methods (pan traps, sweep nets, and aerial nets), we collected and identified 15 733 specimens of 124 species and morphospecies representing all bee families, except Melittidae, found in North America. Abundance-based diversity estimators suggested bee species richness to be as high as 148 species. There were three seasonal peaks in bee abundance (early spring, late spring, and mid-summer) with a lull in activity shortly after the summer solstice. Several indicators suggested substantial impacts of disturbance on the Niagara bee community, including evidence of high dominance by the most abundant species. Comparison of the sampling methods indicated considerable catch variation among taxa; Halictidae and Apidae were dominant in pan trap samples and in sweep–aerial net samples, respectively. However, bee abundances in pan traps and sweep nets were highly correlated, suggesting that both methods fairly sample local bee abundances.

Pan Trapping for Soybean Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Minnesota Soybean Fields

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Hodgson ◽  
R. L. Koch ◽  
D. W. Ragsdale
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Variance Ratios ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura ◽  
Pan Traps

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, can be an economically important pest in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. In 2002 and 2003, we evaluated the use of nonattractive pan traps to estimate soybean aphid densities in commercial soybean fields. A regression analysis indicated a strong relationship between log-transformed pan trap counts and whole-plant counts (r2 = 0.70). To measure soybean aphid dispersion as characterized by each sampling method, Taylor's power law a and b values were calculated. The mean-to-variance ratios for pan trapping (a = 0.85, b = 1.63, r2 = 0.96) were comparable to whole-plant counts (a = 1.67, b = 1.99, r2 = 0.93). The precision and cost (i.e., time) of each sampling method was evaluated using relative net precision. Both sampling methods were generally precise throughout the season (<0.25). However, the relative net precision of whole-plant counts (4.21) was greater than for pan traps (0.67), and therefore whole-plant counts are a more cost effective sampling method. We also evaluated trap placement within fields during the initial colonization period. Trap catches did not differ among directions within the field or at the edges of fields versus the interior of fields. This lack of a preference for alates to land at field edges may preclude the use of border sprays, which have proven effective in other systems.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Lut Desert Tourism in Iran: Developing an Interpretive-Structural Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7245
Author(s):  
Beniamino Murgante ◽  
Mohammad Eskandari Sani ◽  
Sara Pishgahi ◽  
Moslem Zarghamfard ◽  
Fatemeh Kahaki
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Interpretive Structural Model ◽  
Lut Desert

The Lut desert is one of the largest and most attractive deserts in Iran. The value of desert tourism remains unclear for Iran’s economy and has only recently been taken into consideration by the authorities, although its true national and international value remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the factors that influence tourism development in the Lut desert. Data collected through the purposive sampling method was analyzed using Interpretive Structural Modeling and the MICMAC Analysis. According to the results, cost-effective travel expenses, security, and safety provided in the desert, together with appropriate media advertising and illustration of the Lut desert (branding) are the leading factors that influence tourism in the Lut desert in Iran. This paper highlighted the importance of desert tourism, especially in this region.

Taiwanese montaneSambucus chinensisseeds require warm stratification, contrasting with other congeneric temperate members

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-Ying Chen ◽  
Ching-Te Chien ◽  
Siti N. Hidayati ◽  
Jeffrey L. Walck
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Northern Hemispheric ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Seed Characteristics

AbstractMany temperate plant genera, likeSambucus, have species with range disjunctions among North America, Europe and/or Asia. Cold stratification (sometimes in combination with warm stratification) is the primary mechanism to break seed dormancy in these species. For some of these genera showing Northern Hemispheric disjunctions, members also occur in subtropical or tropical regions, mostly confined to higher elevations where climate and vegetation differ from those in northern latitudes. We made two hypotheses concerning germination for the subtropical TaiwaneseSambucus chinensis: (1) seeds from populations exposed to warm temperatures would require warm stratification, and (2) seeds from populations exposed to cold temperatures need cold stratification. We investigated the germination (including embryo growth) of non-stratified seeds over a range of temperatures and tested the effects of cold stratification and of gibberellins GA3and GA4on germination. The amount and timing of germination among populations varied substantially in response to temperature treatments. Seeds from all populations of this species required warm temperatures for dormancy break and germination, regardless of environmental conditions. As such, the majority of seeds had non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy, which, until now, has not been reported in any members ofSambucus. The seed characteristics of the subtropicalS. chinensisare different from those of temperate members of the genus in which cold stratification is the predominate treatment to overcome dormancy.

scholarly journals Type of helminth parasite in Snakehead fish (Channa striata) from Seuneubok Cina, Indra Makmur, Aceh Timur, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Masitta Tanjung
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Channa Striata

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is one of the freshwater fish in tropical regions such as Asia and Africa, and has high nutrition but is difficult to cultivate. In Indonesia, Snakehead fish are found in paddy fields, swamps and ditches, making them susceptible to parasites. Constraints in Snakehead fish cultivation are caused by the nature of the fish as a predatory, lack of the availability of food and environmental conditions that can affect the growth of the fish. The former paddy fields in Seuneubok Cina of Indra Makmur, Aceh Timur, Indonesia, is found many Snakehead fish. This research aims to determine the types of parasites that infect Snakehead fish. The Snakehead fish was taken using electrofishing gear with purposive sampling method, then dissected and identified the endoparasites which contained in the fish intestines. The research results found three genus of parasites: Pallisentis, Procamallanus and Camallanus.

Comparison of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) collected in pan and pitfall traps

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Buddle ◽  
H.E. James Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Pan Traps

Pitfall trapping is a widely used sampling method for biodiversity-related research of ground-dwelling arthropods. The trap is a container, usually with a preservative, that is sunk into the ground to collect arthropods which happen upon the trap perimeter and fall in (Lemieux and Lindgren 1999; Work et al. 2002). Two types receive the most use: deep circular pitfall traps and shallow rectangular pan traps (Marshall et al. 2001). The preserving fluid can influence trap efficacy (Deville and Wheeler 1998). Our objectives were to compare the efficiency of pitfall and pan traps with and without detergent in the preserving fluid (Marshall et al. 1994), using carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) as focal taxa.

A new species of Phycodes from China (Lepidoptera: Sesioidea: Brachodidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2797 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
AXEL KALLIES ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
YUTAKA ARITA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
Small Family ◽  
A New Species

Brachodidae are a small family of fewer than 140 described species that are distributed worldwide except in North America. They reach their greatest diversity in the tropical regions of Asia and South America; however, many species occur in the Palaearctic region and in Australia, but these are restricted to a small number of genera. More than 40 species are known from the Oriental region and many more await description (Kallies 1998, 2000, 2004).

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