scholarly journals Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) ticks in dogs and their domestic environment in Cuiaba, MT, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. e153661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackeliny Santos Costa ◽  
Andréia Lima Tome Melo ◽  
Rute Witter ◽  
Thabata Anjos Pacheco ◽  
Cristiane Silva Chitarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Two Samples

The central region of Brazil is known to be an endemic area for canine ehrlichiosis. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence rates of E. canis infection in dogs and in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected from the dogs and their home environments. Serum samples and genomic DNA from the blood of 20 dogs and 299 ticks were analyzed by IFA and PCR assays in order to detect Ehrlichia canis antibodies and DNA. Nine (45%) of the 20 dogs were seropositive for E. canis, with titers ranging from 80 to 10240, and 6 dogs (30%) were positive for Ehrlichia spp. by PCR. Five free-living ticks were positive (2.89%, 95% confidence interval: 0.94-6.62%), as were six ticks attached to dogs (4.76%; 95% CI: 1.77-10.0%). The two groups showed a similar infection rate (P=0.395). Partial dsb DNA sequences of two samples from ticks were identical to each other and 100% (350/350 nucleotides) were identical to E. canis. Despite the high serological and molecular rates of canine ehrlichiosis in Cuiabá, the prevalence among infected ticks was lower than that found among dogs. However, adult ticks may remain infective much longer to ensure their infestation and infection of susceptible dogs.

Feline ehrlichiosis – literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol XXV (144) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Maria G. M. S. Solis ◽  
Marcelo de Souza Zanutto
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Available Information

Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by a bacterium belonging to the Anaplasmataceae family that can infect mammals. In Brazil, canine ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia canis, and it is endemic in some regions. The bacterium is transmitted by vectors, and especially the Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In cats the disease process is less understood due to scarce research, and lack of standardization of diagnostic tests. Lack of awareness of veterinarians about the importance of the disease in cats is also a contributing factor to scarce information. The available information suggests that the course of the disease in cats is similar to that of the dog. In this article we present a literature review on feline ehrlichiosis describing etiopathogenesis, methods of diagnostic, treatment, and prophylaxis strategies.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis infection in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Delta region, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser F. Elnaker ◽  
Mohmed S. Diab ◽  
Nermin A. Ibrahim ◽  
Attia El-Gedawy ◽  
Rania Samir Zaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Public Risk

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence rates of Mycobacterium infection in camel sera collected before slaughter and gross lesion tissue collected at postmortem (PM) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), bacteriological culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, serum samples from humans who had occupational contact with camels were tested by ELISA and sputum sample by culture. Materials and Methods: ELISA was performed on serum samples antemortem. In addition, bacteriological culture and PCR were conducted after PM. Tuberculosis infection was identified in humans who had contact with camels using ELISA for serum samples and culture for sputum samples. Results: Tuberculous lesions were detected in 184 of 10,903 camels (1.7%). The ELISA results revealed that of the 184 examined camel serum samples, 124 (67.39%) were positive and all 20 camel serum samples that had no associated tuberculous lesions were negative. Moreover, only one of 48 (2.08%) human serum samples was positive by ELISA. Mycobacterial culture revealed 112 isolates from the 184 examined camel samples (60.87%), while human sputum sample cultures were all negative. PCR analysis identified the mpb70 gene in three of seven randomly tested samples. Conclusion: Gene sequencing was performed on two samples and the sequences were submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank (accession numbers MF990289 and MG59479). A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the partial DNA sequences of the mpb70 gene; the similarity between the isolates was 98.1%. The similarities between the two isolates and the standard strains of Mycobacterium bovis in GenBank were 98.1% and 100%, respectively. Further investigation on the antemortem detection of M. bovis infection in camels is needed to decrease public risk.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis and of Canine Granulocytic Ehrlichia Infection in Dogs in Switzerland

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3460-3462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Pusterla ◽  
Jeannine Berger Pusterla ◽  
Peter Deplazes ◽  
Celestine Wolfensberger ◽  
Werner Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Ehrlichia Phagocytophila ◽  
The North ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Serum samples from 996 dogs in Switzerland were examined for antibodies to Ehrlichia canis and to the agent causing canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (CGE). Ehrlichiosis, borreliosis, and systemic illness not associated with ticks were suspected in 75, 122, and 157 of these dogs, respectively. The remainder of the serum samples were obtained from clinically healthy dogs which resided north (n = 235) or south (n = 407) of the Alps. The serum samples were tested by an indirect immunofluorescence technique for antibodies to the two agents incriminated, E. canis and Ehrlichia phagocytophila, a surrogate marker of the agent of CGE. Twenty-two of 996 (2.2%) serum samples had antibodies to E. canis and were distributed as follows: 20 of 75 (26.7%) samples from dogs suspected of having ehrlichiosis, 1 of 122 (0.8%) from dogs suspected of having borreliosis, and 1 of 407 (0.2%) from healthy dogs which resided south of the Alps. Of the 75 (7.5%) serum samples that had antibodies to E. phagocytophila, significantly more samples were from ill dogs than from healthy dogs. Among the sera from healthy dogs, antibodies toE. phagocytophila were significantly more prevalent in the north. Because seropositive dogs had a history of travel outside Switzerland and because Rhipicephalus sanguineus is found exclusively south of the Alps, it was presumed that, in contrast to the agent of CGE, E. canis is not indigenous to Switzerland.

scholarly journals Serosurvey for tick-borne diseases in dogs from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Granziera Spolidorio ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino ◽  
Samantha Yuri Oshiro Branco Valadas ◽  
Herbert Sousa Soares ◽  
Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia

Canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are the most prevalent tick-borne diseases in Brazilian dogs. Few studies have focused attention in surveying tick-borne diseases in the Brazilian Amazon region. A total of 129 blood samples were collected from dogs living in the Brazilian eastern Amazon. Seventy-two samples from dogs from rural areas of 19 municipalities and 57 samples from urban stray dogs from Santarém municipality were collected. Serum samples were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) with antigens ofBabesia canis vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, and six Rickettsia species. The frequency of dogs containing anti-B. canis vogeli, anti-E. canis, and anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies was 42.6%, 16.2%, and 31.7%, respectively. Anti-B. canis vogeli antibodies were detected in 59.6% of the urban dogs, and in 29.1% of the rural dogs (P < 0.05). For E. canis, seroprevalence was similar among urban (15.7%) and rural (16.6%) dogs. ForRickettsia spp., rural dogs presented significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence (40.3%) than urban animals (21.1%). This first study on tick-borne pathogens in dogs from the Brazilian eastern Amazon indicates that dogs are exposed to several agents, such asBabesia organisms, mostly in the urban area; Spotted Fever group Rickettsia organisms, mostly in the rural area; andEhrlichia organisms, in dogs from both areas studied.

scholarly journals Infections of swine caused by Leptospira serovars of serogroup Sejroe - possibilities of recognition with the use of PCR

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Wasiński
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Leptospira Species

Abstract The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of leptospires from the Sejroe serogroup in aborting seropositive sows and to identify which serovars of this serogroup are responsible for the infection. Serum and urine samples from 20 aborting sows, reared in five farms infected with the Sejroe serogroup, were submitted for examination. Serum samples were examined by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and urine samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primer sets specific for genus Leptospira, species L. borgpetersenii, the Sejroe serogroup, and the Hardjo-bovis genotype. All the examined serum samples showed titres specific to the Sejroe serogroup, ranging from 100 to 6400. PCR indicated the presence of Leptospira genus-specific DNA sequences in all urine samples examined. DNA sequences specific for both L. borgpetersenii and the Sejroe serogroup were found in 12 of these samples. Additionally, the sequences specific only for L. borgpetersenii were found in five urine samples and sequences for the Sejroe serogroup in two samples. The DNA sequence specific for the Hardjo-bovis genotype was not found in the urine samples. PCR confirmed the results of the MAT, displayed the presence of Leptospira sp. DNA in the urine of all the sows examined, proved the affinity of the detected leptospires to the Sejroe serogroup or at least to L. borgpetersenii, and excluded the Hardjo serovar as the reason for the infections described in the sows.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and genetic variability of Ehrlichia canis in pet dogs in Xinjiang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-922
Author(s):  
Qiao Mengfan ◽  
Wang Lixia ◽  
Lei Ying ◽  
Ren Yan ◽  
Cai Kuojun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Geographical Regions

Background and Aim: As a tick-borne zoonotic pathogen, Ehrlichia canis has already posed a threat to public health and safety. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence and molecular characteristics of E. canis in pet dogs in Xinjiang, China. Materials and Methods: A total of 297 blood samples of pet dogs and 709 skin ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) were subjected to molecular detection using PCR for E. canis 16S rRNA gene, and then, positive samples were amplified, sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed for E. canis gp36 gene. Results: The PCR detection showed that the positive rate of PCR was 12.12% (36/297) in blood samples and 15.23% (108/709) in tick samples, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of E. canis gp36 protein, these E. canis strains in different geographical regions of the world can be divided into Genogroup I and Genogroup II. Among them, the Xinjiang epidemic strain XJ-6 and 533, 36, 1055, Kasur1, and Jake strains were clustered into subgroup 1.1 of Genogroup I, while the XJ-2, XJ-21, and XJ-35 strains and the TWN1, TWN4, CM180, and CM196 strains were closely related and belonged to subgroup 2.2 of Genogroup II, displaying high genetic diversity. Conclusion: This is the first study focusing on the molecular epidemiology of E. canis infection in pet dogs, which revealed that E. canis infection had been occurred in Xinjiang, China. More importantly, this study confirmed that the substantial variability in immunoreactive protein gp36 from E. canis strains circulating in pet dogs.

scholarly journals Study of cross-reactivity in serum samples from dogs positive for Leishmania sp., Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trícia Maria F. de Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia I. Furuta ◽  
Débora de Carvalho ◽  
Rosangela Z. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Endemic Areas

To verify the presence of cross-reaction among leishmaniosis, ehrlichiosis and babesiosis in serological diagnostics used in human visceral leishmaniasis control programs, serum samples from leishmaniasis endemic and non-endemic areas were collected and tested by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFAT) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All serum samples from endemic areas were positive for Leishmania sp., by ELISA and IFAT, 51% positive for Babesia canis and 43% for Ehrlichia canis by IFAT. None of the serum samples from non-endemic areas were positive for Leishmania sp., by IFAT, but 67% were positive for B. canis and 78% for E. canis using the same test. When tested by ELISA for Leishmania sp., four samples from non-endemic area were positive. These dogs were then located and no clinical signs, parasites or antibody was detected in new tests for a six month period. Only one of these 4 samples was positive for B. canis by IFAT and ELISA and three for E. canis by IFAT. The results of the work suggest a co-infection in the endemic area and no serological cross-reaction among these parasites by IFAT and ELISA.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an active and early surveillance methodology for visceral leishmaniasis by molecular detection in road-killed wild fauna

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloiza Teles Caldart ◽  
Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira ◽  
Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de Matos ◽  
Aline Ticiani Pereira Pascoal ◽  
Amanda Bertão-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
The North ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate a methodology for active surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis by detecting Leishmania DNA in organs of wild road-killed animals from November 2016 to October 2018 in the North of Paraná, Brazil. The collection points of road-killed wild animals were georeferenced. The animals were autopsied and samples of bone marrow, lymph node, liver, spleen, and ear skin were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to PCR for amplification of Leishmania spp. 18S, kinetoplastic DNA (kDNA), HSP70, and ITS1 genes, and DNA sequencing was performed. The primers used for the amplification of kDNA, ITS1, and HSP70 genes presented non-specific results. Of the 66 mammals collected from 24 different municipalities, one Southern Tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) presented DNA of Leishmania spp. in lymph nodes by 18S PCR. DNA sequencing confirmed the results of the subgenus, Viannia, identification. We suggest using the methodology showed in the present study in the active and early surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area.

Molecular evidence of Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia massiliae in ixodid ticks of carnivores from South Hungary

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Hornok ◽  
José Fuente ◽  
Gábor Horváth ◽  
Isabel Fernández de Mera ◽  
Michiel Wijnveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Rickettsia Massiliae ◽  
Blot Hybridisation

To monitor the emergence of thermophilic, Mediterranean ixodid tick species and tick-borne pathogens in southern Hungary, 348 ticks were collected from shepherd dogs, red foxes and golden jackals during the summer of 2011. Golden jackals shared tick species with both the dog and the red fox in the region.Dermacentornymphs were collected exclusively from dogs, and the sequence identification of these ticks indicated that dogs are preferred hosts of bothD. reticulatusandD. marginatusnymphs, unlike previously reported. Subadults of three ixodid species were selected for reverse line blot hybridisation (RLB) analysis to screen their vector potential for 40 pathogens/groups. Results were negative forAnaplasma,BabesiaandTheileriaspp. Investigation ofD. marginatusnymphs revealed the presence ofEhrlichia canis,Rickettsia massiliaeandBorrelia afzeliifor the first time in this tick species. These findings broaden the range of those tick-borne agents, which are typically transmitted byRhipicephalus sanguineus, but may also haveDermacentorspp. as potential or alternative vectors.Ehrlichiacaniswas also newly detected inIxodes canisugalarvae from red foxes. In absence of transovarial transmission in ticks this implies that Eurasian red foxes may play a reservoir role in the epidemiology of canine ehrlichiosis.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Ehrlichia canis in the Pet-Dog Population in R. N. Macedonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Elena Atanaskova Petrov ◽  
Irena Celeska ◽  
Zagorka Popova ◽  
Kiril Krstevski ◽  
Igor Djadjovski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
The City

Abstract Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a widespread, tick-borne, canine disease, caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium, Ehrlichia canis. The main vector, a brown-dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is widely distributed, especially in areas with tropic, subtropic, or Mediterranean climates (Central and South America, Eastern and Western Asia, Africa, Australia and Southern Europe). The study performed in 2012, by Stefanovska et al., determined a seroprevalence of 18.7% of E. canis among the Macedonian dog population. Up to date, the presence of E. canis, using molecular diagnostic methods, has not been investigated in Macedonia. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the presence of E. canis, in the pet-dog population on the territory of the city of Skopje, North Macedonia, using a highly sensitive multiplex Real-Time PCR method (qPCR). Whole blood samples from 80 dogs of different breeds and ages, with clinical symptoms of CME and positive serology result for the presence of antibodies against E.canis, were collected for analyses. Out of 80 dogs, 36 (45%) were found as positive. The present work reports the first molecular detection of E. canis in pet dogs on the territory of the city of Skopje, Macedonia.

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