scholarly journals Growth rate of captive Gharials Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Gavialidae) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 14998-15003
Author(s):  
Bed Bahadur Khadka ◽  
Ashish Bashyal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
National Park ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

Gharials Gavialis gangeticus have been reared in ex situ facilities in the Gharial Conservation and Breeding Center (GCBC) in Chitwan National Park of Nepal since the 1980s.  There remains a paucity of detailed information concerning their growth rates, particularly with respect to season.  We randomly selected 20 gharials (45 months old) in the GCBC, tagged them, and recorded total length (TL) and weight over three warm (April–September) and two cold (October–March) seasons between 01 April 2013 and 30 September 2015.  We also recorded amounts of fish consumed by these gharials every month over the 30-month period.  On average per season, the gharials grew by 9.48±3.63 cm (1.58cm/month) in length and gained 2.61±1.14 kg (0.43kg/month).  Growth rates were significantly higher during warm seasons.  The highest increase in both length (mean= 21.2±8.61 cm) and weight (mean =5.59±2.12 kg) occurred during the first warm season (April 2013–September 2013) of the study, and annual growth rate was also highest during the first year.  Our data indicated strong correlation between mean length and body weight.  A total of 2,103.9kg fish was consumed by 20 gharials over 30 months, for a mean consumption of 3.5kg fish per individual per month.  Mean fish consumption was also significantly higher during warm (96.99±37.35 kg) versus cold (29.83±17.09 kg) seasons.  Survival rate was 100%.  Our findings establish baseline data for growth and feeding rates of captive gharials that will be useful in making management decisions in captive breeding and rearing facilities.

scholarly journals Some Helminth Parasites of Gharial from Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Mani Kumal ◽  
Mahendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
National Park ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

A study on helminth parasites on captive gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) was conducted during July-December 2012 at Gharial Breeding Centre, Kasara, Chitwan National Park to isolate, identify and find out their prevalence. Dead gharial hatchlings were collected directly from the centre in fresh and frozen conditions. Out of 85 samples   examined, 40 samples 47.06% as prevalence rate of helminth parasites. During the study three helminth parasites were first reported from the gharials of Nepal; Pentastomid (Sebekia sp.), Capillarioids and Ascaridoids. The dead hatchlings were found to be infected with Pentastomid (41.17%), Ascaridoids (7.05%), Capillarioids (1.17%), Proctocaecum gairhei (3.52%) and Exotidendrium sp. (36.47%). In the month of December helminth parasites showed highest prevalence; Sebekia sp. (100%) and Proctocaecum gairhei (75%) and Exotidendrium sp. (100%) and the lowest prevalence in the month of July; Sebekia sp. (4%), Capillarioids (4%) and Exotidendrium sp. (8%).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/njst.v15i2.12111Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.2 (2014) 37-40

scholarly journals Phenology and growth indicators of honey trees and bushes in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 02050
Author(s):  
J. M. Jumayev ◽  
M. Z. Kholmurodov ◽  
K. A. Khalilova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Symphoricarpos Albus ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Growth Indicators

This article presents the results of research on the study of some bioecological properties of honey-producing trees and shrubs. The flowering period of the main trees and shrubs is March-June and allows to obtain a high amount of honey. During the summer months, Lycium barbarum, Symphoricarpos albus, Sophora japonica species continue to bloom until autumn. According to the data, the growth rates of all trees and shrubs were at the level of demand. In particular, when growing linden trees in the spring, their height increased from 190.5 cm to 230.5 cm in autumn. That was, it grew by 40 cm during one vegetation. The Ligustrum bush had the highest growth rate, with seedlings planted in spring averaging 90 cm in height and 155.8 cm in autumn, with an annual growth rate of 65.8 cm. These indicators depicted that the conditions in the experimental fields were suitable for the growth of trees and shrubs.

scholarly journals Analysis of Trends, Growth and Instability in Rice Production in Andhra Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
G. P. Sunandini ◽  
K. Solmon Raju Paul ◽  
Shakuntala Devi Irugu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Past

The study has been taken up with the objective of investigating the trends, pattern of growth and the extent of instability in area, production and productivity of rice crop in Andhra Pradesh state over a period of five and half decades from 1959-60 to 2013-14. Compound Growth Rate and Coefficient of Variation were used to calculate the annual growth rate and instability. The area, production and productivity of rice in this period has increased by 25, 201 and 138 per cent respectively. In this period, the districts were categorised and grouped under different groups based on average productivity of rice. During the study period many of the districts moved from very low productivity to high productivity group. During 1960s, 17 districts are under very low productivity group (<1500 kg/ha) and in 2010s 13 districts are under high productivity group (>3000 kg/ha). During the period 2014-19 in the divided Andhra Pradesh contribution of different productivity groups to the states paddy production was calculated and concluded that 3 districts under high productivity group (>6000kg/ha) contributed 52 per cent of the production. During 2010s annual growth rates for area, production and productivity are 4.08, 4.02 and 1.21 respectively. In all the periods in the past five and half decades, production and productivity growth rates are higher than growth rate in area except in 2010s. Instability was higher in production and area than in productivity.  The annual growth rate and the instability of production and area are higher in 2010s. Suitable crop planning is to be initiated, adoption of sustainable management practices are to be intensified to maintain the growth rate and reduce the instability in area and production.

scholarly journals Population, Basking and Hatching Success of Gavialis gangeticus in Narayani River, Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Lal Rajbhandari ◽  
Paras Mani Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

This study was carried out to investigate the habitats and abundance of the Gharials in Narayani river of Chitwan National Park from 2012 to 2013. A total of 38 Gharials including 3 hatchlings, 8 juveniles, 12 sub-adults and 15 adults were recorded during the study period. Only one breeding male was observed reflecting the critical condition for the breeding in the wild within Chitwan National Park. The abundance of the gharial was restricted in 2 areas, namely Khoria muhan and Velaunji due to suitability of the habitat conditions and minimum human disturbances. The Basking activities in relation to depth showed that > 80 % of the Gharials selected sandy banks. Among the 2 populations, the gharials in Khoria muhan preferred shallow to moderate depth of water because of presence of braided channels in the area. In contrast, the Gharials in Velaunji select deep water course of the main channel. The park management must adopt conservation measures such as ban of fishing and regular monitoring of habitats and population to maintain long term conservation of gharials in Narayani river.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 27, 2013: 1-11

scholarly journals Growth and Instability in Production and Export of Almond in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Sultani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
World Production ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
High Instability

The almond is native to Iran and surrounding countries as well as Asia. In 2017, world production of almonds was 2.2 million tones, with the United States providing 46% of the total. According to FAO Afghanistan is one of the 10 top producers of almonds. The study examined the growth and instability of area, production, export and consumption of almond in Afghanistan from 2000 to 2017. Exponential function fitted to estimate compound annual growth rates (CAGR) in area, production, export and consumption of almond, and Cuddy – Della Valle indices are used in the study. The compound growth rates for area, production and productivity of almonds in Afghanistan were 5.77 %, 7.37 % and 1.52 % respectively. Area under almond crop exhibited medium (19,52) instability, where production and productivity shown high (50.05 and 49.01) instability respectively, during this period. Almond consumption grew by 6.75 per cent and export grew with compound annual growth rate of 6.12 per cent from the year 2000 to 2017.Both export and consumption of almond registered high instability in this period.

scholarly journals Estimation of annual compound growth rates of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit in Haryana using Non linear model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-784
Author(s):  
Pardeep Panghal ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Sarita Rani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Best Fit

Computation of growth rates plays an important role in agricultural and economic research to study growth pattern of a various commodities. Many of the research workers used the parametric approach for computation of annual growth rate but not use the concept of non-linear model.  In this paper, an attempt has been made to study growth rates of guava for three districts (Hisar, and Kurukshetra) and Haryana state as a whole using different non-linear models. The time series data on annual area and production of guava (Psidium guajava L.) in different districts of Haryana from 1990-91 to 2015-16 were collected to fit non linear models. Growth rates were computed through best fitted non-linear models. It was found that Logistic model could be best fit for computation of growth rates of area for guava fruit in Hisar and Kurukshetra district and Haryana state as a whole whereas Gompertz model was best fit for Yamunanagar district based on high R2 and least MSE and RMSE values. It was also observed that monomolecular model was best fit for production of guava fruits in Hisar and Yamunanagar district whereas Logistic model was best fit for production of guava fruit in Kurukshetra and Haryana state as a whole because of high R2 and least MSE and RMSE values. R and excel software have been used for fitting the non linear model and computation of growth rates for area and production of guava fruit for the year 1990-91 to 2015-16. None has been used the non linear model growth model for computation of annual growth rate of guava fruit for area and production of Haryana state. But in this work non linear growth model has been used for computation of growth rate instead of parametric approaches.

scholarly journals Disparities between <i>Phaeocystis</i> in situ and optically-derived carbon biomass and growth rates: potential effect on remote-sensing primary production estimates

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6119-6149
Author(s):  
L. Peperzak ◽  
H. J. van der Woerd ◽  
K. R. Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. The oceans play a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle. Unfortunately, the daily production of organic carbon, the product of phytoplankton standing stock and growth rate cannot be measured globally by discrete oceanographic methods. Instead, optical proxies from Earth-orbiting satellites must be used. To test the accuracy of optically-derived proxies of phytoplankton physiology and growth rate, standard ex situ data from the wax and wane of a Phaeocystis bloom in laboratory mesocosms were compared with hyperspectral reflectance data. Chlorophyll biomass could be estimated accurately from reflectance using specific chlorophyll absorption algorithms. However, the conversion of chlorophyll (Chl) to carbon (C) was obscured by the observed increase in C : Chl under nutrient-limited growth. C : Chl was inversely correlated (r2 = 0.88) with Photosystem II quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), the in situ fluorometric oceanographic proxy for growth rate. In addition, the optical proxy for growth rate, the quantum efficiency of fluorescence &amp;varphi; was linearly correlated to Fv/Fm (r2 = 0.84), but not – as by definition – by using total phytoplankton absorption, because during nutrient-limited growth the concentrations of non-fluorescent light-absorbing pigments increased. As a consequence, none of the three proxies (C : Chl, Fv/Fm, φ) was correlated to carbon or cellular phytoplankton growth rates. Therefore, it is concluded that although satellite derived estimates of chlorophyll biomass may be accurate, physiologically-induced non-linear shifts in growth rate proxies may obscure accurate phytoplankton growth rates and hence global carbon production estimates.

On the Age and Growth Rate of Giant Cacti: Radiocarbon Dating of the Spines of Cardon (Pachycereus Pringlei)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Delgado-Fernández ◽  
Pedro P Garcillán ◽  
Exequiel Ezcurra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Columnar Cacti ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pachycereus Pringlei

AbstractAge estimation has been a limiting factor in the study of giant columnar cacti. In order to test the feasibility of using radiocarbon methods to estimate the age of the giant cardon cacti (Pachycereus pringlei), we selected six sites spanning the latitudinal and precipitation range of the species in the Baja California peninsula. In each site, we selected four individuals of different heights and sampled a spine from the lowest areole in the stem. The age of the spine was estimated using 14C dating, and the mean annual growth rate of the plant was calculated dividing the height of the lead shoot by the plant’s age. Mean annual growth rate was 0.098 m/yr, with values varying between 0.03 and 0.23 m/yr. Within the range of plants sampled, mean annual growth rates were significantly correlated with the height of the plant (r2=0.82, P<0.0001), and no other site-specific variable such as precipitation or latitude was a significant predictor of mean annual growth rates. A model integrating mean growth rate versus height showed that relatively small differences in growth rates between plants accumulate during the plants’ lifetime, so that plants of similar size may have very different ages. We conclude that 14C dating provides a robust method to explore the growth and demography of columnar cacti.

Spatial Variation in Food-Limited Growth of Juvenile Greenback Flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina: Evidence from Otolith Daily Increments and Otolith Scaling

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2558-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Jenkins ◽  
Megan Shaw ◽  
Bryce D. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Somatic Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Increment ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Growth rates of juvenile flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina, determined from daily increment number, and the relationship between otolith and fish sizes (otolith scaling), were compared between two adjacent areas. Swan Bay, Victoria, a sheltered bay with a well-developed seagrass-detrital system, supports higher populations of prey and feeding rates of juvenile flounder than Port Phillip Bay, an area more exposed to waves and tidal currents. Temperature was significantly higher in Swan Bay (though generally less than 1 °C). Growth rates determined from daily increment number were similar within bays, but significantly different between bays. The pooled growth rate for Swan Bay (0.29 mm∙d−1) was significantly higher than for Port Phillip Bay (0.17 mm∙d−1). The same pattern was found for otolith scaling. Most of the variation in growth rates between the two bays was apparently related to food supply. A laboratory experiment indicated that otolith growth rate had a minimum level which was independent of somatic growth rate, and an additional component which was highly correlated with somatic growth rate. This resulted in an exponential decrease in otolith growth per unit somatic growth with increasing somatic growth rate such that variation in otolith scaling would be greatest at low growth rates.

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