scholarly journals A camera trap record of Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in State Land Forest, Merapoh, Pahang, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 18651-18654
Author(s):  
Lukman Ismail ◽  
Syafiq Sulaiman ◽  
Muhammad Izzat Hakimi Mat Nafi ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Mohmad Nor ◽  
Nur Izyan Fathiah Saimeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Single Camera ◽  
Wildlife Corridors ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Wildlife Corridor

The Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii is poorly studied in Peninsular Malaysia.  We deployed 12 camera traps to assess the wildlife diversity in the unprotected State Land Forest of Merapoh, Pahang State.  During the period from August to October 2019, one Asiatic Golden Cat was photographed at a single camera trap station.  This record outside the protected area network emphasizes the importance of wildlife corridors.  This State Land Forest is located between Forest Reserve and Taman Negara National Park.  Therefore, appropriate conservation measures must be taken in order to maintain this site as a wildlife corridor.

scholarly journals Fauna diversity in the southern part of the Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai province

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ai Tam ◽  
Nguyen Van Tay ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Yen ◽  
Ha Thang Long
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

Kon Ka Kinh National Park (KKK NP) is a priority zone for biodiversity protection in Vietnam as well as ASEAN. In order to survey the current fauna species diversity in the southern part of the KKK NP, we conducted camera trapping surveys in 2017, 2018, and 2019. 28 infrared camera traps were set up on elevations between 1041 to 1497 meters. In total, there were 360 days of survey using camera trap. As result, we recorded a total of 27 animal species of those, five species are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2020). The survey results showed a high richness of wildlife in the southern park region, and it also revealed human disturbance to wildlife in the park. The first-time camera trap was used for surveying wildlife diversity in the southern region of the KKK NP. Conducting camera trap surveys in the whole KKK NP is essential for monitoring and identifying priority areas for wildlife conservation in the national park.

scholarly journals PRESENCE of SUMATRAN ELEPHANTS (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in THE ECOTONE AREA of SEMBILANG NATIONAL PARK (TNSTNS) and PALM OIL PLANTATION in SEMENANJUNG BANYUASIN SEMENANJUNG, SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafid Pirnanda ◽  
Indra Yustian ◽  
Zulkifli Dahlan ◽  
Winda Indrianti ◽  
Ina Aprilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Data Archives

A research to monitor the presence of Sumatran elephant between two ecosystem in Sembilang National Park (TNSTNS) and palm palm oilplantation has been conducted on March until June 2019 at Semenanjung Banyuasin Semenanjung, South Sumatra. This research aimed to verify the presence of Sumatran elephantpopulation and to estimate the number of elephant individuals in the area. The methods used weredirect observation during the day and indirect monitoring through installation of Camera Traps for 1 month. In addition, secondary data was collected in the form of data archives from the palm oil plantation records and interviews with affected plantation workers. From direct observation, Wedirect encountered one elephant individual and fifteen signs of elephant activities, such as sounds, footprints, and feces. From camera trap photos, we identified and verified onepopulation of Sumatran Elephants which consisted of at least twenty-two individuals with composition as follows: eight adult females, two young females, three infant females, and nine males. The ecotone area between TNS and palm palm oil plantation should be designated as a new habitat patchof Sumatran elephant that needs to be managed appropriately in order to maintain the designation of the area as a conservation area.

scholarly journals An assessment of carnivore relative abundance and density in the eastern rainforests of Madagascar using remotely-triggered camera traps

Oryx ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Gerber ◽  
Sarah M. Karpanty ◽  
Charles Crawford ◽  
Mary Kotschwar ◽  
Johnny Randrianantenaina
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Ranomafana National Park ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Cryptoprocta Ferox ◽  
Capture Recapture

AbstractDespite major efforts to understand and conserve Madagascar’s unique biodiversity, relatively little is known about the island’s carnivore populations. We therefore deployed 43 camera-trap stations in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar during June–August 2007 to evaluate the efficacy of this method for studying Malagasy carnivores and to estimate the relative abundance and density of carnivores in the eastern rainforest. A total of 755 camera-trap nights provided 1,605 photographs of four endemic carnivore species (fossa Cryptoprocta ferox, Malagasy civet Fossa fossana, ring-tailed mongoose Galidia elegans and broad-striped mongoose Galidictus fasciata), the exotic Indian civet Viverricula indica and the domestic dog Canis familiaris. We identified 38 individual F. fossana and 10 individual C. ferox. We estimated density using both capture-recapture analyses, with a buffer of full mean-maximum-distance-moved, and a spatially-explicit maximum-likelihood method (F. fossana: 3.03 and 2.23 km-2, respectively; C. ferox: 0.15 and 0.17 km-2, respectively). Our estimated densities of C. ferox in rainforest are lower than published estimates for conspecifics in the western dry forests. Within Ranomafana National Park species richness of native carnivores did not vary among trail systems located in secondary, selectively-logged and undisturbed forest. These results provide the first assessment of carnivore population parameters using camera-traps in the eastern rainforests of Madagascar.

scholarly journals Using local knowledge and camera traps to investigate occurrence and habitat preference of an Endangered primate: the endemic dryas monkey in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel Alempijevic ◽  
John A. Hart ◽  
Terese B. Hart ◽  
Kate M. Detwiler
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
National Park ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Abstract The Endangered dryas monkey Cercopithecus dryas, endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is one of Africa's most enigmatic primates. The discovery of a dryas monkey killed by a hunter in the buffer zone of Lomami National Park in 2014 prompted field research on the species’ distribution, habitat use and stratum preference. We used local knowledge to determine the distribution of this species and to select sites for camera-trap surveys in Lomami National Park and its buffer zone. We employed a multi-strata (0–29 m) camera-trap placement technique to determine habitat use at Camp Bartho in Lomami National Park and Bafundo Forest in the Park's buffer zone. We confirmed the occurrence of the dryas monkey at seven locations over a total area of 3,453 km2, in both the Park and its buffer zone. Dryas monkeys were detected most frequently (2.22 events/100 trap-days) in disturbed areas of Bafundo Forest and less in mature forest in Camp Bartho (0.82 events/100 trap-days). Dryas monkeys appear to prefer structurally complex understories and forest edges. We found that camera traps at 2–10 m above ground over at least 365 trap-days are required to determine if the species is present. We recommend utilizing local knowledge and using this species-specific camera-trap method in other areas of the central Congo basin to determine the wider distribution of the dryas monkey.

scholarly journals An IoT System Using Deep Learning to Classify Camera Trap Images on the Edge

Computers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Imran Zualkernan ◽  
Salam Dhou ◽  
Jacky Judas ◽  
Ali Reza Sajun ◽  
Brylle Ryan Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Adjusted Rand Index ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Average Current

Camera traps deployed in remote locations provide an effective method for ecologists to monitor and study wildlife in a non-invasive way. However, current camera traps suffer from two problems. First, the images are manually classified and counted, which is expensive. Second, due to manual coding, the results are often stale by the time they get to the ecologists. Using the Internet of Things (IoT) combined with deep learning represents a good solution for both these problems, as the images can be classified automatically, and the results immediately made available to ecologists. This paper proposes an IoT architecture that uses deep learning on edge devices to convey animal classification results to a mobile app using the LoRaWAN low-power, wide-area network. The primary goal of the proposed approach is to reduce the cost of the wildlife monitoring process for ecologists, and to provide real-time animal sightings data from the camera traps in the field. Camera trap image data consisting of 66,400 images were used to train the InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, ResNet18, EfficientNetB1, DenseNet121, and Xception neural network models. While performance of the trained models was statistically different (Kruskal–Wallis: Accuracy H(5) = 22.34, p < 0.05; F1-score H(5) = 13.82, p = 0.0168), there was only a 3% difference in the F1-score between the worst (MobileNet V2) and the best model (Xception). Moreover, the models made similar errors (Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) > 0.88 and Adjusted Mutual Information (AMU) > 0.82). Subsequently, the best model, Xception (Accuracy = 96.1%; F1-score = 0.87; F1-Score = 0.97 with oversampling), was optimized and deployed on the Raspberry Pi, Google Coral, and Nvidia Jetson edge devices using both TenorFlow Lite and TensorRT frameworks. Optimizing the models to run on edge devices reduced the average macro F1-Score to 0.7, and adversely affected the minority classes, reducing their F1-score to as low as 0.18. Upon stress testing, by processing 1000 images consecutively, Jetson Nano, running a TensorRT model, outperformed others with a latency of 0.276 s/image (s.d. = 0.002) while consuming an average current of 1665.21 mA. Raspberry Pi consumed the least average current (838.99 mA) with a ten times worse latency of 2.83 s/image (s.d. = 0.036). Nano was the only reasonable option as an edge device because it could capture most animals whose maximum speeds were below 80 km/h, including goats, lions, ostriches, etc. While the proposed architecture is viable, unbalanced data remain a challenge and the results can potentially be improved by using object detection to reduce imbalances and by exploring semi-supervised learning.

scholarly journals Investigating the effects of management practice on mammalian co-occurrence along the West Coast of South Africa

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8184
Author(s):  
Deborah Jean Winterton ◽  
Nicola J. van Wilgen ◽  
Jan A. Venter
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
Cascading Effects

The subtle and cascading effects (e.g., altered interspecific interactions) that anthropogenic stressors have on local ecological assemblages often go unnoticed but are concerning given their importance in ecosystem function. For example, elimination of buffalo from the Serengeti National Park is suggested to have driven increased abundance of smaller antelope as a result of release from competition. The perceived low abundance of small antelope in the contractual Postberg section of the West Coast National Park (the park) has been an ongoing management concern which has been anecdotally attributed to predation by a mesopredator (the caracal, Caracal caracal). However, we hypothesized that the historical overstocking, and consequent overgrazing by larger-bodied managed ungulates would influence small antelope abundance. Using camera traps, we investigated species co-occurrence and temporal activity between small antelope, managed ungulates and caracals in Postberg as well as another part of the park (Langebaan) and a farm outside of the park. Results suggest that small antelope and managed ungulates have a high degree of temporal overlap (Δ = 0.74, 0.79 and 0.86 for the farm, Langebaan and Postberg respectively), while temporal partitioning between small antelope and caracal is apparent (Δ = 0.59). Further, small antelope and managed ungulates appear to occur independently of one another (SIF = 0.91–1 across areas). Managed ungulates were detected almost three times more frequently on fallow lands when compared to the more vegetated sites within the park suggesting that segregated food/cover resources allow for independent occurrence. Small antelope had a much higher probability of occurrence outside of the protected area (e.g., ψ = 0.192 and 0.486 for steenbok at Postberg, Langebaan compared to 0.841 on the farm), likely due to less variable (more intact) habitat outside of the protected area. There is not sufficient evidence to currently warrant management intervention for predators. The small size of the protected area provides limited scope for spatial replication thus reducing possibilities to infer the cause and effect for complex interactions (which would historically have taken place over much larger areas) with negative implications for adaptive management. We recommend continued monitoring over multiple seasons and a wider area to determine the spatial information requirements to inform management of small protected areas.

Detectability and activity patterns of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) in Baw Baw National Park, Victoria

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Davies ◽  
Wendy Wright ◽  
Fiona E. Hogan ◽  
Hugh Davies
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Occupancy Modelling ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Time Stamps ◽  
Sambar Deer

Introduced sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) are increasing in abundance and distribution across much of south-eastern Australia and causing damage to native ecosystems. However, the current paucity of knowledge surrounding many aspects of sambar deer ecology is limiting our capacity to make informed management decisions, and properly gauge the extent of deer impacts. Here we investigate correlates of sambar deer detectability and describe activity patterns of sambar deer in Baw Baw National Park (BBNP) to inform control operations. Camera traps were deployed in BBNP between October and December 2016. We used an occupancy modelling framework to investigate sambar deer detectability and camera trap record time stamps to determine sambar deer activity patterns. Sambar deer were found to be significantly more detectable near roads and in areas of sparse tree density and displayed strong crepuscular activity patterns. Control operations carried out along roads at dawn and dusk could be effective, at least in the short term. Likewise, aerial culling could be an effective control option for sambar deer populations in BBNP. This study highlights the utility of camera trap data to inform the application of control operations for cryptic invasive species.

scholarly journals Camera trapping rare and threatened avifauna in west-central Sumatra

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoan Dinata ◽  
Agung Nugroho ◽  
Iding Achmad Haidir ◽  
Matthew Linkie
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
West Central ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Kerinci Seblat National Park ◽  
Central Sumatra

AbstractTropical forests are becoming increasingly degraded and fragmented by logging, which can affect the survival of forest bird species in different ways. In this study, we present avifauna data collected from a monitoring programme in west-central Sumatra that set camera traps in three study areas with different habitat types, levels of degradation and protection status. From 5,990 camera trap-nights, 248 independent bird photographs were recorded, comprising four orders and nine species, including three endemic species. The Great Argus Pheasant (Argusianus argus) was recorded in all study areas and most frequently (n = 202 photographs), followed by the threatened Salvadori's Pheasant (Lophura inornata). The greatest diversity of bird species (five) and abundance index (1.44 bird photographs/100 trap-nights) was recorded from a primary hill-submontane forest site located inside Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP) bordering degraded forest in a former logging concession recently repatriated into KSNP. However, inside a primary-selectively logged hill-submontane forest site spread over KSNP and an ex-logging concession, a Sumatran Ground Cuckoo (Carpococcyx viridis) was photographed. This species is noteworthy because prior to this study it had only been documented once since 1916. It is therefore crucial to use the camera trap results to increase the protection status for the ground cuckoo area. This has already happened in the other two study areas, where camera trap data have been used to reclassify the areas as Core Zones, the highest level of protection inside KSNP. This study illustrates how routine monitoring can have wider benefits through recording, and conserving, threatened and endemic non-target species in unexpected habitats that might not otherwise have been surveyed.

scholarly journals First photographic record of the Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13506-13510
Author(s):  
Thilina Sudarshana Nimalrathna ◽  
Yan Ru Choo ◽  
Enoka P. Kudavidanage ◽  
Thakshila Ravindra Amarasinghe ◽  
Udamulle Gedara Sumith Indika Bandara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Photographic Record ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Forested Areas

The Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus is thought to be present in most forested areas of Sri Lanka.  Though it was suggested that the species may occur in montane regions, there was no photographic evidence to date.  Here we present the first photographic record of the Rusty-spotted Cat in Horton Plains National Park.  Individuals including cubs were photo-captured on 15 separate occasions during a 5,538 camera trap days study.  These photo-captures were made both during the day and night, and indicate the presence of a breeding population in this protected area. 

scholarly journals New record on Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae): photographic evidence of its westernmost distribution in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 15256-15261
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad Koju ◽  
Bijay Bashyal ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Pandey ◽  
Shankar Thami ◽  
Man Kumar Dhamala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
New Record ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Single Camera ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Himalaya

The Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii is poorly known in Nepal and was previously recorded only twice in the eastern part of the country.  We conducted a camera trap survey in the Lapchi Valley (32km2) of Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA), a protected area in north-central Nepal, from October 2018 to April 2019. Eleven cameras were deployed to record mammalian diversity in a 2×2 km2 grid across Lapchi block of GCA.  During the study period, four photos and three videos (each of 10 seconds length) of Asiatic Golden Cats were recorded at an elevation of 2,540m at a single camera trap station.  This is the first photographic record of Asiatic Golden Cat in this region of Nepal extending the distribution of the species further west in the Himalaya.  A more detailed study on its distribution, population size and behaviour is warranted in the near future to implement appropriate conservation measures.  

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