Behavior changes and the prevention of high blood pressure. Workshop II. AHA Prevention Conference III. Behavior change and compliance: keys to improving cardiovascular health.

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the epidemiological evidence of the association between sleep duration and blood pressure in adolescents. Data sources: We performed a systematic review of observational studies in Medline, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, Science Direct databases and Virtual Libraries in English, Spanish and Portuguese published until September 2018. Studies were selected first by title and abstract, then by complete reading, according to the eligibility criteria. The reference list of selected articles was evaluated in order to retrieve relevant studies. Data synthesis: Initially, 1,455 articles were retrieved. After exclusion due to duplicity or not meeting the eligibility criteria, 13 articles were included in the review. Studies varied greatly in sample size (143 to 6,940 patients), methods of measuring blood pressure and sleep duration, cutoff points, categorization and adjustment of variables. The main evidence from the studies is that short sleep duration is associated with high blood pressure in adolescence, although the presence of association between high blood pressure and long sleep duration is possible, but not clear in the literature. Conclusions: Sleep duration, especially short duration, is associated with high blood pressure in adolescents. Such evidence draws attention to implications on cardiovascular health in this age group.

Download Full-text

High Blood Pressure Confirmed with 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Tanzanian Adolescents Enrolling in a Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-123312/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mussa Nsanya ◽

Philip Ayieko ◽

Ramadhan Hashim ◽

Ezekiel Mgema ◽

Daniel Fitzgerald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Public Schools ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

White Coat Hypertension ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Prevalence estimates for high blood pressure (BP) among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa vary widely and most studies have relied on attended automated office BP (AOBP) measurements. We aimed to estimate prevalence of high BP using unattended AOBP followed by 24-Hour ambulatory BP monitoring (24-Hour ABPM) for confirmation and to determine factors associated with confirmed high BP. Between April and August 2018, 500 adolescents aged 11 to 15 years were enrolled from three randomly selected public schools in Mwanza city (Tanzania) to participate in a 2-year prospective cohort study. We obtained three consecutive unattended AOBP measurements. Follow-up AOBP measurements were obtained in participants with high BP at initial measurements. Participants whose follow-up measurements remained high underwent 24-Hour ABPM. Of all 500 participants, 36.6% had high BP using first AOBP measurement; 25.6% using average of the second and third AOBP measurements and 10.2% using average of follow-up AOBP measurements and were eligible for 24-Hour ABPM. Only 13(2.6%) had confirmed high BP and they had no unique distinguishing characteristic. White coat hypertension is common among adolescents in Africa. Cardiovascular health promotion in Africa can be done through school-based screening for high BP among adolescents using one unattended AOBP

Download Full-text

Anemia Is Associated with the Progression of White Matter Disease in Older Adults with High Blood Pressure: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01950.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 1867-1872 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Marco Inzitari ◽

Stephanie Studenski ◽

Caterina Rosano ◽

Neil A. Zakai ◽

William T. Longstreth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

White Matter ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

White Matter Disease

Download Full-text

The utility of Resting Pulse Rate in Defining High Blood Pressure among Adolescents in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda

10.1101/2020.07.14.20153387 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Godfrey Katamba ◽

David Collins Agaba ◽

Rosemary Namayanja ◽

Agnes Namaganda ◽

Abdul Musasizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Optimal Threshold ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional

High resting pulse rate (RPR) is associated with adverse cardiovascular events, and could be used as a marker of cardiovascular health. We determined the correlation between RPR and blood pressure (BP); and its accuracy in defining high blood pressure among adolescents attending secondary schools in Mbarara municipality, south-western Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study among secondary school adolescents aged 12-19 years in Mbarara municipality, Uganda. We captured demographic characteristics using a structured questionnaire; and measured anthropometric indices and BP. We performed a linear regression analysis to determine the relationship between RPR and blood pressure and plotted receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) to assess the accuracy of RPR in defining high BP. We enrolled 616 adolescents with a mean age of 15.6(2.0) years and 65.6% (404/616) were female. The RPR was significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in both boys (Beta = 0.22 [95%CI: 0.10; 0.36]), p<0.001 and girls (Beta = 0.51 [95%CI: 0.43; 0.60]), p<0.001. RPR was significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) only in the girls (Beta = 0.23 [95%CI: 0.15; 0.30]), p<0.001. The optimal threshold for RPR in defining prehypertension was RPR≥76bpm with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.653[95%CI: 0.583-0.722], the sensitivity of 0.737 and specificity of 0.577. In defining hypertension, the optimal threshold was RPR ≥ 79bpm at a sensitivity of 0.737 and specificity of 0.719, with an AUC of 0.728[95%CI: 0.624-0.831]. Resting pulse rate was positively correlated with BP and was more accurate in defining hypertension compared to prehypertension in the study.

Download Full-text

Cardiovascular health among the Czech population at the beginning of the 21st century: a 12-year follow-up study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-209967 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 442-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michala Lustigova ◽

Dagmar Dzurova ◽

Hynek Pikhart ◽

Ruzena Kubinova ◽

Martin Bobak

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cholesterol Level ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Blood Cholesterol Level ◽

The Impact ◽

Cvd Mortality

BackgroundIn the late 1980s, Czechia was among the countries which had the highest cardiovascular mortality in the world. In spite of enormous improvements since that time, there are still large opportunities in further improving cardiovascular health.MethodsBased on the Czech Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe sample (n=8449 at baseline, 12 years of follow-up, 494 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths up to 2015—events), the impact of selected covariates such as education, smoking habits, high blood pressure, blood cholesterol level, diabetes, obesity, physical activity and binge drinking and their multifactorial effects on cardiovascular mortality was evaluated by Cox regression. In addition, population attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to quantify the impact of these factors on CVD mortality in the population.ResultsEducation was found as the strongest determinant of CVD mortality (primary vs university, HR 2.77, P<0.001; PAF=50.5%). CVD risk was two times higher for persons with diabetes compared with those without (HR 2.02, P<0.001, PAF=23.2%). Furthermore, significant factors found were smoking (smoker vs non-smoker, HR 1.91, P<0.001; PAF=26.5%), high blood pressure (HR 1.73, P<0.001; PAF=35.3%) and physical inactivity (none vs sufficient, HR 1.60, P<0.001; PAF=22.9%). Conversely, the effect of obesity was low (HR 1.29, P value =0.020), and binge drinking and high blood cholesterol level were not significant at all.ConclusionsEducation had the largest impact on cardiovascular mortality among the Czech population. More than 50% of CVD death would be prevented if the whole population had the same risk values as the highest educated population. Reducing disparities in health related to education should benefit from attention to cardiovascular health literacy.

Download Full-text

Kardiovaskulêregesondheidsrisiko onder universiteitstudente in Suid-Afrika

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie ◽

10.4102/satnt.v34i1.1178 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peet Du Toit ◽

Elizabeth Rudolph ◽

Yvonne Joubert ◽

Nicoleen Coetzee ◽

Ernst Krüger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

University Students ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Cardiac Stress ◽

Entry Level ◽

Second Year ◽

Physiology Students ◽

Elevated Heart Rate

Traditionally, individuals’ abilities, interests and personality were assessed during career guidance and recruitment and selection processes; however, only a few studies focused on the actual health of second-year students, as entry-level employees for business in South Africa. The main research purpose was to determine the cardiovascular health of second-year university students’ (as young entry-level employees). The motivations for the study are two-fold: to determine the current cardiovascular health risk of students, and to educate the students about such risk. The study was a quantitative cross-sectional study to determine university students’ cardiovascular health. The sample used in this research study consisted of 162 university students in South Africa, between the ages of 18 and 25 years. The results indicated that 55.6% students had high blood pressure. Then 81.1% of the latter group of students were identified as prehypertensive, while 18.9% were considered as having stage-1 hypertension. Students exhibited elevated cardiac stress as well. Altogether 64.8% of all the participating students scored in the elevated range of the Cardiac Stress Index (CSI). Unfortunately, 61% of the students with elevated CSI readings also exhibited high blood pressure. Furthermore, of the latter group, 15.2% exhibited poor heart rate variability, as well as elevated heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, nearly 10% of the total sample exhibited elevated cardiac stress, an elevated heart rate and high blood pressure levels. The implications of the results are that university students are unaware of their cardiovascular health and that it may have an effect on their careers. Career counsellors, industrial psychologists, educational psychologists, and human resource management practitioners may benefit from this information in their scope of practice to guide physiology students in their career. This practical approach also allows physiology students to determine their own cardiovascular health risks.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Exercise and Distraction on Blood Pressure Recovery Following an Anger-Provoking Stressor in Normotensive Young Adults

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000133 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 45-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faye S. Routledge ◽

Judith A. McFetridge-Durdle ◽

Marilyn Macdonald ◽

Lynn Breau ◽

Tavis Campbell

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Exercise Group ◽

State Anger ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Anger Reactivity ◽

Quiet Sitting

Ruminating about a prior anger provoking event is found to elevate blood pressure (BP) and delay BP recovery. Delayed BP recovery may be associated with increased risk of hypertension. Interventions that improve BP recovery may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the influence of rumination and anger on BP reactivity and recovery, to compare the effect of an exercise intervention or distraction intervention on BP recovery and to explore if exercise improved BP recovery by distracting participants from stressor-related rumination and anger. Healthy, normotensive participants (n = 79, mean age 22.2 ± 4.0 years) underwent an anger-recall interview stressor task, 3 min of exercise (walking), distraction (reading) or no-intervention (quiet sitting) and a 15 min recovery period. State anger reactivity was associated with Δ diastolic (D) BP reactivity and approached significance with Δ systolic (S) BP reactivity. Trait rumination was associated with greater SBP during recovery. Δ SBP recovery did not differ between the exercise, distraction and no-intervention groups. Although there were no differences in Δ DBP recovery between the exercise and no-intervention groups, distraction improved Δ DBP recovery compared to the exercise intervention but not the no-intervention. The proportion of anger-related thoughts (state rumination) in the exercise group did not differ from the distraction or no-intervention groups. However, a smaller proportion of participants in the distraction intervention reported an anger-related thought during recovery compared to the no-intervention group with 76% of their thoughts relating to the provided distraction. Overall, post-stressor exercise was not found to improve BP recovery while reading was effective at distracting individuals from angry thoughts (state rumination) but had no effect on BP compared to no-intervention.

Download Full-text