Abstract 3050: Assessment of Genetic Risk for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Among Hypertensive Patients

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihiko Kato ◽  
Mitsutoshi Oguri ◽  
Tetsuro Yoshida ◽  
Takeshi Hibino ◽  
Kazuhiro Yajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Structural Formation ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Suspension Array

Introduction: Aneurysms and dissections at the thoracic aorta (TAA) are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the United States and Japan. Although hypertension is a major risk for TAA, several studies have indicated that genetic factors also influence the structural formation of TAA. The purpose of the present study was to identify gene polymorphisms associated with TAA among hypertensive patients for assessment of the genetic risk for this condition. Methods: This case-control study comprised 1351 hypertensive individuals, including 88 subjects with TAA and 1263 without any cardiovascular complications. The genotypes for 142 polymorphisms of 121 candidate genes were determined by a method that combines the polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes with suspension array technology. Results: Evaluation of genotype distributions by the chi-square test and subsequent multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and prevalence of smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome revealed that the T→G (3′ UTR) polymorphism of the thrombospondin 2 gene ( THBS2 ; odds ratio, 4.7) is significantly (P < 0.05) associated with TAA in hypertensive subjects, with the variant G allele representing a risk factor for this condition. Furthermore, the -110A→C polymorphism of heat-shock 70-kD protein 8 gene ( HSPA8 ; odd ratio, 0.3), the C→T (Pro198Leu) polymorphism of the glutathione peroxidase gene ( GPX1 ; odds ratio, 0.3), the -6G→A polymorphism of angiotensin 1 gene ( AGT ; odds ratio, 0.3), and the -850C→T polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor gene ( TNF ; odds ratio, 0.5) were significantly associated with this condition, with the variant allele of each polymorphism being protective against this condition. A stepwise forward selection procedure revealed that polymorphisms of THBS2 , HSPA8 , GPX1 , AGT , and TNF significantly affected the prevalence of TAA. Conclusions: Genetic variant of THBS2 may be a risk factor for TAA in hypertensive patients, whereas variants of HSPA8 , GPX1 , AGT , and TNF may be protective against this condition. Determination of genotypes for these polymorphisms may prove informative for assessment of the genetic risk for TAA.

Assessment of genetic risk for myocardial infarction

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (08) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Matsuo ◽  
Tomonori Segawa ◽  
Sachiro Watanabe ◽  
Kimihiko Kato ◽  
Takeshi Hibino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Suspension Array ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay

SummaryAlthough lifestyle and environmental factors influence the prevalence of myocardial infarction, genetic epidemiological studies have suggested that several genetic variants increase the risk for this condition. We have performeda large-scale association study to identify gene polymorphisms for reliable assessment of the genetic risk of myocardial infarction. The study population comprised 3,483 unrelated Japanese individuals (1,913 men; 1,570 women), including 1,192 subjects with myocardial infarction and 2,291 controls. The genotypes for 164 polymorphisms of 137 candidate genes were determined with an oligonucleotide ligation assay based on analysis of fluorescent microspheres with suspension array technology. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and the prevalence of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia revealed that the 677C→T (Ala222Val) polymorphism of MTHFR, the 1595C→G (Ser447Stop) polymorphism of LPL, and the –108/3G→4G polymorphism of IPF1 were significantly associated with the prevalence of myocardial infarction. A stepwise forward selection procedure demonstrated that IPF1, MTHFR, and LPL genotypes significantly affected the prevalence of myocardial infarction. Combined genotype analysis of these polymorphisms yieldeda maximum odds ratio of 2.54 for the combined genotype of TT for MTHFR,CC for LPL,and 3G3G for IPF1.The genotypes for MTHFR, LPL, and IPF1 may prove reliable for assessment of genetic risk for myocardial infarction. Determination of the combined genotype for these genes may contribute to primary, personalized prevention of this condition.

scholarly journals Management of endocrine disease: Dysnatraemia in COVID-19: Prevalence, prognostic impact, pathophysiology and management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ploutarchos Tzoulis ◽  
Ashley B. Grossman ◽  
Stephanie E Baldeweg ◽  
Pierre Bouloux ◽  
Gregory Kaltsas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Need For Treatment

This review examines the prevalence, aetiology, pathophysiology, prognostic value and investigation of dysnatraemia in hospitalised COVID-19 patients, taking into account all relevant studies published in PubMed and Cochrane Library studies until March 2021. Hyponatraemia is commonly observed in patients with bacterial pneumonia and is an independent predictor for excess mortality and morbidity. However, it remains unknown whether this association applies to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Several studies reported a 20-35% prevalence for hyponatraemia and 2-5% for hypernatraemia in patients admitted with COVID-19. In addition, hyponatraemia on admission was a risk factor for progression to severe disease, being associated with an increased likelihood for the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, with an odds ratio of 1.83 – 3.30. Hyponatraemia seems to be an independent risk factor for mortality, with an odds ratio of 1.40–1.50 compared to normonatraemia, while hypernatraemia is related to even worse outcomes than hyponatraemia. Furthermore, preliminary data show an inverse association between serum sodium and interleukin-6 levels, suggesting that hyponatraemia might be used as a surrogate marker for the risk of a cytokine storm and the need for treatment with interleukin antagonists. In conclusion, dysnatraemia is common and carries a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients, indicating that it may play a future role for risk stratification and individualising therapy.

Abstract 3456: Assessment of Genetic Risk for Hypertriglyceridemia

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihiko Kato ◽  
Mitsutoshi Oguri ◽  
Tetsuro Yoshida ◽  
Takeshi Hibino ◽  
Kazuhiro Yajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Suspension Array ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Subject Panel

Introduction. Hypertriglyceridemia is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. The purpose of the present study was to identify gene polymorphisms associated with hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglyceride concentration, ≥1.65 mmol/L) for assessment of the genetic risk for this condition. Methods. A total of 5206 individuals from two independent populations was examined: Subject panel A comprised 3787 individuals who either visited outpatient clinics of or were admitted to the participating hospitals because of various symptoms or for a health checkup; subject panel B comprised 1419 community-dwelling elderly individuals. The genotypes for 100 polymorphisms of 65 candidate genes were determined by a method that combines the polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes with suspension array technology. Given the multiple comparisons of genotypes with hypertriglyceridemia, we adopted the criterion of a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05 for significant association in initial screening with the chi-square test. Results. Evaluation of genotype distributions by the chi-square test and subsequent multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex revealed that seven polymorphisms [−1131T→ C, −3A→G, and 553G→T (Gly185Cys) of APOA5 ; 1100C→T of APOC3 ; 85T→C of APOA1 ; 41A→G (Glu14Gly) of ACAT2 ; C→G (Ser47Stop) of LPL ] were significantly (FDR < 0.05) associated with hypertriglyceridemia in subject panel A. To validate these associations, we examined the same polymorphisms in subject panel B. The six polymorphisms of APOA5 , APOC3 , APOA1 , and LPL , but not that of ACAT2 , were again significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Serum triglyceride concentrations differed significantly ( P< 0.05, ANOVA) among genotypes of each of these six polymorphisms in both subject panels. The three polymorphisms of APOA5 were in linkage disequilibrium. Conclusions. Polymorphisms of APOA5 , APOC3 , APOA1 , and LPL are determinants of hypertriglyceridemia. Genotyping of these polymorphisms may prove informative for assessment of the genetic risk for hypertriglyceridemia and may contribute to the personalized prevention of this condition.

Pediatric Emergency Room Visits: A Risk Factor for Acquiring Measles

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Karen M. Farizo ◽  
Paul A. Stehr-Green ◽  
Diane M. Simpson ◽  
Lauri E. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Case Control Studies

In recent years, measles outbreaks have occurred among unimmunized children in inner cities in the United States. From May 1988 through June 1989, 1214 measles cases were reported in Los Angeles, and from October 1988 through June 1989, 1730 cases were reported in Houston. More than half of cases were in children younger than 5 years of age, most of whom were unvaccinated. Of cases of measles in preschool-aged children, nearly one fourth in Los Angeles and more than one third in Houston were reported by one inner-city emergency room. To evaluate whether emergency room visits were a risk factor for acquiring measles, in Los Angeles, 35 measles patients and 109 control patients with illnesses other than measles, and in Houston, 49 measles patients and 128 control patients, who visited these emergency rooms, were enrolled in case-control studies. Control patients were matched to case patients for ethnicity, age, and week of visit. Records were reviewed to determine whether case patients had visited the emergency room during the period of potential measles exposure, which was defined as 10 to 18 days before rash onset, and whether control patients had visited 10 to 18 days before their enrollment visit. In Los Angeles, 23% of case patients and 5% of control patients (odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.7, 15.9; P &lt; .01), and in Houston, 41% of case patients and 6% of control patients (odds ratio = 8.4, 95% confidence interval = 3.3, 21.2; P &lt; .01), visited the emergency room during these periods. These data suggest that measles transmission in pediatric emergency rooms played a prominent role in perpetuating these outbreaks. Measles transmission in emergency rooms can be reduced by triage and isolation of suspected cases and by vaccination of eligible patients. Vaccination in emergency rooms provides postexposure prophylaxis and may increase vaccination coverage in the community.

scholarly journals Household-acquisition of measles and illness severity in an urban community in the United States

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Butler ◽  
M. E. Proctor ◽  
K. Fessler ◽  
D. J. Hopfensperger ◽  
D. M. Sosin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Measles Vaccination

SUMMARYStudies from developing countries suggest that persons with household-acquired (HA) measles are at greater risk of severe illness than persons with community acquired (CA) infection. Reported measles cases occurring among Milwaukee residents from May 1989 to June 1990 were used to assess whether household acquisition was a risk factor for severe measles in the United States. A case was classified as HA if onset of rash occurred 7–18 days after onset of rash in another case in the same household. Hospitalization rates were similar for 128 patients with HA measles (27%) and for 1004 patients with CA measles (26%). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between hospitalization and household-acquisition after controlling for socioeconomic status, measles vaccination history, age, race, and date of onset of rash. Patients with HA measles were no more likely to be hospitalized than patients with CA measles (odds ratio 0·9, 95% confidence interval 0·6, 1·5). HA measles cases were not more severe than CA measles cases during this urban outbreak in the United States.

scholarly journals QTc interval predicts disturbed circadian blood pressure variation

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Liyuan Yan ◽  
Jianling Jin ◽  
Shili Jiang ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Meiwen Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Circadian Blood Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between electrocardiographic evaluation and circadian blood pressure (BP) variation in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients remains unknown.MethodsA total of 171 hypertensive patients were included in the study. First, patients were divided into a young and middle-aged group and an elderly group. The two groups were then separately classified into three subgroups on the basis of circadian variation of BP as dippers, non-dippers and reverse-dippers. The electrocardiographic evaluation was calculated from 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG).ResultsQTc intervals were shortest in the dippers and longest in the reverse-dippers in the young and middle-aged group (QTc dipper: 416.53±18.37ms; non-dipper: 438.30±29.71ms; reverse-dipper: 444.93±25.47ms; for dipper vs non-dipper, and dipper vs reverse-dipper P<0.05). QTc interval was found to be an independent risk factor for the non-dipper BP pattern (Odds ratio 1.049; 95% CI 1.01-1.089; P=0.012) and reverse-dipper BP pattern (Odds ratio 1.051; 95% CI 1.007-1.098; P=0.023) in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients. No significant differences in other ECG parameters were found among the three subgroups in the young and middle-aged group.ConclusionOur study suggested that QTc interval might serve as a risk factor for non-dipper BP pattern and reverse-dipper BP pattern in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients.

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