Abstract 2059: Transthoracic Application of Medium Voltage Therapy Maintains Forward Blood Flow during Cardiac Arrest

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ristagno ◽  
Yongqin Li ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Shijie Sun ◽  
Gilman Byron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
Entire Interval ◽  
Carotid Blood Flow ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Threshold Levels

We have previously reported that transthoracic medium voltage therapy (MVT) generated coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), forward carotid blood flow (CBF) and end-tidal CO 2 (EtCO 2 ) comparable to those produced by manual chest compression. In the present study, we investigated the capability of MVT to generate and maintain forward blood flow for a longer interval, i.e. 1 min, in a porcine model of short duration cardiac arrest. MVT can maintain threshold levels of CPP, CBF and EtCO 2 , for a minute interval prior to defibrillation. In 7 domestic male pigs weighing 40 ± 1 kg, VF was electrically induced and untreated for 10 seconds. Animals were then subjected to receive MVT for one minute with the aid of a Galvani E-CPR device (Galvani Ltd, Edina, MN), after when a biphasic shock was delivered. The MVT pulsed packet was 400 msec, the pulsed packet rate was 80/min, the intra-packet pulse period was 25 ms and intra-packet pulse durations were 0.2 ms. CPP and EtCO2 were continuously measured during MVT. CBF and ejection fraction generated during MVT were measured by echo-Doppler technique, while cardiac output with stroke volume by thermodiluition method. MVT was able to maintain CPP and EtCO2 above the threshold levels for successful resuscitation for the entire interval of application (Table ). During MVT, excellent stroke volume, cardiac output and ejection fraction together with carotid blood flow were generated (Table ). MVT produced and maintained for one minute forward blood flow during cardiac arrest. This electrical therapy might represent a new approach intended to generate and/or maintain forward blood flow in lieu of or in association with chest compression in victims of cardiac arrest

scholarly journals Effect of Phototherapy on Stroke Volume in Newborn Infants with Jaundice

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 207-209
Author(s):  
Majid Firouzi ◽  
Hamidreza Sherkatolabbasieh ◽  
Alireza Nezami ◽  
Shiva Shafizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

AbstractOne of the rare complications associated with phototherapy include redistribution of blood flow that can alter cardiac output in infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phototherapy on left ejection fraction in infants with jaundice. Twenty-nine infants admitted in Shahid Madani Children Hospital for receiving phototherapy were included in this study. Echocardiography was performed in the participants, immediately before and 24 hours after the treatment. Nineteen infants were reported to have decrease in the stroke volume following the treatment. The mean levels of stroke volume before and after phototherapy were 6.99 ± 2.17 and 6.55 ± 1.85 L/m2, respectively (p = 0.011). Phototherapy can reduce left ejection fraction in newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia.

scholarly journals Central hemodynamic and splanchnic circulation in children with meningococcal septic shock

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
M. A. Georgiyants ◽  
V. A. Korsunov ◽  
O. M. Olkhovska
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Group I ◽  
Meningococcal Septic Shock

Meningococcal infection is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (also termed meningococcus). Invasive meningococcal disease remains a rare infectious disease not only with high mortality but also with important morbidity and remains as a leading cause of sepsis and septic shock. The pathogenic mechanisms of microcirculatory disorders in meningococcal septic shock have been subject to controversy. This article presents the results of a study of 11 paediatric patients’ (4 boys and 7 girls) with meningococcal septic shock (Group I) who were hospitalized at the Regional Children's Infectious Hospital from 2009 to 2011. The average age of the patients was 37.4 ± 8.4 mo. Septic shock was diagnosed according to International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference: definitions of criteria for sepsis and organ dysfunction in paediatrics. Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, average blood pressure, SpO2 were monitored. The cardiac output, ejection fraction, fraction shortening, stroke volume were measured by ultrasound in M-mode by Teichholz method. Blood circulation in the a. mesenterica, a. hepatica, a. lienalis, a. renal sinister, v. porta, v. lienalis, v. renal sinister was determined by impulse Doppler’s wave. Acid-base and electrolytes level in serum, nitric oxide (NO), endothelin I, creatinine, C-reactivity protein and lactate blood level were measured. The control group consisted of 21 healthy children (9 boys and 12 girls), aged 37.5 ± 5.4 mo. in average (Group II). We used t-criteria (Student’s) and correlation with R-criteria (Spearmen) for statistical analysis. The data showed a statistically significant lower fraction of ejection, fraction of shortening, stroke volume in Group I. Moreover, our data showed a statistically high level of mesenterial and portal blood flow rate and high pulse index in v. renal sinister compared to healthy children. The blood level of NO was increased in Group I as well as in Group II. Direct correlations were determined between the level of NO and mesenteric, hepatic arterial and venous blood flow rate. Statistically significant inverse correlations between the level of NO and pulse resistive index in splanchnic vessels were discovered as well as inverse correlations between the NO level and the indicator of the severity of condition on PRISM scale (r = –0.952). At the same time, we have found no correlation between splanchnic circulation value and cardiac output. Based on the results of this study, we consider that NO has organ protective effects in children with meningococcal sepsis. Future research should aim to introduce new strategies of intensive care for patients with meningococcal septic shock with early use of inotrope and NO-donor therapy in fluid restriction combination. 

Effects of Cardiac Function with Postoperative Arteriovenous Fistula Blood Flow in Patients with Hemodialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Wakabayashi ◽  
Hiroaki Io ◽  
Junichiro Nakata ◽  
Hirotaka Nakamoto ◽  
Michiko Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction

Background/Aims: This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of cardiac function with postoperative arteriovenous fistula (AVF) blood flow in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: A total of 45 HD patients were examined at the Juntendo University Hospital. The AVF blood flow was measured using ultrasonography, and the cardiac function was measured using echocardiography. Correlation between these parameters and the rate of change in body weight (BW) was analyzed. Results: The number of postoperative days significantly correlated with the AVF blood flow, and it positively correlated with the stroke volume (SV). The postoperative AVF blood flow in patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) was lower than that in patients with normal EF. The rate of change of BW negatively correlated with that of SV, positively correlated with cardiac output (CO), and positively correlated with CO in patients with an AVF blood flow of more than 1,000 mL/min. Conclusion: It appears that the cardiac function can be improved by controlling the BW even in patients with high AVF blood flow.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Performance Measurement in Water Fleas by Utilizing High-Speed Videography and ImageJ Software and Its Application for Pesticide Toxicity Assessment

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1587
Author(s):  
Fiorency Santoso ◽  
Viacheslav V. Krylov ◽  
Agnes L. Castillo ◽  
Ferry Saputra ◽  
Hong-Ming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Fractional Shortening

Water fleas are a good model for ecotoxicity studies, and were proposed for this purpose by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, due to their easy culture, body transparency, and high sensitivity to chemical pollution. Cardiovascular function parameters are usually used as an indicator of toxicity evaluation. However, due to the nature of the heart and blood flow, and the speed of the heartbeat, it is difficult to perform precise heartbeat and blood flow measurements with a low level of bias. In addition, the other cardiovascular parameters, including stroke volume, cardiac output, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction, have seldom been carefully addressed in previous studies. In this paper, high-speed videography and ImageJ-based methods were adopted to analyze cardiovascular function in water fleas. The heartbeat and blood flow for three water flea species, Daphnia magna, Daphnia silimis, and Moina sp., were captured by high-speed videography and analyzed using open-source ImageJ software. We found the heartbeat is species-dependent but not size-dependent in water fleas. Among the three water fleas tested, D. magna was identified as having the most robust heartbeat and blood flow rate, and is therefore suitable for the ecotoxicity test. Moreover, by calculating the diameter of the heart, we succeeded in measuring other cardiovascular parameters. D. magna were challenged with temperature changes and a pesticide (imidacloprid) to analyze variations in its cardiovascular function. We found that the heartbeat of D. magna was temperature-dependent, since the heartbeat was increasing with temperature. A similar result was shown in the cardiac output parameter. We also observed that the heartbeat, cardiac output, and heartbeat regularity are significantly reduced when exposed to imidacloprid at a low dose of 1 ppb (parts per billion). The blood flow rate, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening, on the contrary, did not display significant changes. In conclusion, in this study, we report a simple, highly accurate, and cost-effective method to perform physiological and toxicological assessments in water fleas.

scholarly journals Correlation of Carotid Blood Flow and Carotid Flow Time With Invasive Cardiac Output Measurements

CHEST Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 297A
Author(s):  
Irene Ma ◽  
Joshua Caplin ◽  
Aftab Azad ◽  
Christina Wilson ◽  
Michael Fifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Flow Time ◽  
Carotid Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output Measurements ◽  
Carotid Flow

scholarly journals Leaning during chest compressions impairs cardiac output and left ventricular myocardial blood flow in piglet cardiac arrest

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Zuercher ◽  
Ronald W. Hilwig ◽  
James Ranger-Moore ◽  
Jon Nysaether ◽  
Vinay M. Nadkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Chest Compressions

Cardiac Output Changes in Newborns With Hyperbilirubinemia Treated With Phototherapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-921
Author(s):  
Frans J. Walther ◽  
Paul Y. K. Wu ◽  
Bijan Siassi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Term Infants

Phototherapy is known to increase peripheral blood flow in neonates, but information on the associated cardiovascular effects is not available. Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography we evaluated cardiac output and stroke volume in 12 preterm and 13 term neonates during and after phototherapy. We concomitantly measured arterial limb blood flow by strain gauge plethysmography and skin blood flow by photoplethysmography. Cardiac output decreased by 6% due to reduced stroke volume during phototherapy, whereas total limb blood flow and skin blood flow increased by 38% and 41%, respectively. Peripheral blood flow increments tended to be higher in the preterm than in the term infants. The reduced stroke volume during phototherapy may be an expression of reduced activity of the newborn during phototherapy. For healthy neonates the reduction in cardiac output is minimal, but for sick infants with reduced cardiac output, this reduction may further aggravate the decrease in tissue perfusion.

Biplane ventriculography in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. H131-H136
Author(s):  
J. L. Heckman ◽  
L. Garvin ◽  
T. Brown ◽  
W. Stevenson-Smith ◽  
W. P. Santamore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume

Biplane ventriculography was performed on nine intact anesthetized rats. Images of the left ventricle large enough for analysis were obtained by placing the rats close to the radiographic tubes (direct enlargement). Sampling rates, adequate for heart rates of 500 beats/min, were obtained by filming at 500 frames/s. From the digitized silhouettes of the left ventricle the following information was obtained (means +/- SE): end-diastolic volume 0.60 +/- 0.03 ml, end-systolic volume 0.22 +/- 0.02 ml, stroke volume 0.38 +/- 0.02 ml, ejection fraction 0.63 +/- 0.02, cardiac output 118 +/- 7 ml/min, diastolic septolateral dimension 0.41 +/- 0.01 mm, diastolic anteroposterior dimension 0.40 +/- 0.01 mm, diastolic base-to-apex dimension 1.58 +/- 0.04 mm. To determine the accuracy with which the volume of the ventricle could be measured, 11 methyl methacrylate casts of the left ventricle were made. The correlation was high (r = 0.99 +/- 0.02 ml E) between the cast volumes determined by water displacement and by use of two monoplane methods (Simpson's rule of integration and the area-length method applied to the analysis of the anteroposterior films) and a biplane method (area-length). These results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain accurate dimensions and volumes of the rat left ventricle by use of high-speed ventriculography.

Cardiac output and left ventricular function in response to exercise in older men

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. Thomas ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
David A. Cunningham ◽  
Douglas G. McLellan ◽  
William J. Kostuk
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular Function ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Difference Formula ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Response To Exercise

Studies of the cardiovascular response to exercise in older subjects have presented conflicting data regarding left ventricular function, the cardiac output – oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] relationship, and the pattern of change in [Formula: see text], stroke volume (SV), and arteriovenous O2 difference. We have examined the cardiovascular response to submaximal and strenuous exercise in 96 men of mean age 63 years during an incremental treadmill test with [Formula: see text] determined by CO2 rebreathing, and in 12 subjects studied during incremental supine exercise with left ventricular volumes evaluated by radionuclide angiocardiography. During treadmill exercise the [Formula: see text] was approximately 10% lower than reported for younger samples, with a lower intercept of the [Formula: see text] relationship. During near-maximal exercise [Formula: see text] was approximately 15 L∙min−1, with SV of 95 mL plateauing or showing a small decline in heavy work. Peak arteriovenous O2 difference (150+ mL∙L−1) approached values of the young. During the supine exercise SV increased from rest to exercise, with a consistent increase in ejection fraction (rest, 66%, to peak exercise, 76%). In contrast to a prior report, the end-diastolic volume was constant, with the increase of SV attributable to a reduced end-systolic volume. Also, in contrast to a number of reports in older subjects, our findings show only small losses in cardiovascular response, and in left ventricular performance during light through strenuous exercise.Key words: ejection fraction, stroke volume, arteriovenous oxygen difference, [Formula: see text]peak, age.

Abstract P103: Effects of Chest Compression Pressure Field on Stroke Volume during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua W Lampe ◽  
Gerrit J Noordergraaf ◽  
Abraham Noordergraaf ◽  
Lance B Becker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Pressure Fields ◽  
Inductive Component ◽  
Capacitive Component ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
Rlc Circuits

Hypothesis: The way that chest compressions generate blood flow remains unclear. Additionally, different mechanical chest compression devices may create different thoracic pressure fields. We hypothesize that three thoracic pressure fields, direct ventricular massage, cardiac pump, and thoracic pump, generate blood flow through different mechanisms resulting in different stroke volumes. Methods: The Donder’s model of the human cardiovascular system models vessels as resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) circuits, where the resistive component describes the viscous resistance to blood flow, the inductive component describes the inertial resistance to blood flow changes, and the capacitive component describes the elastic properties of the vessel. The model can account for effects of respiration on blood flow. Cardiac output for the three pressure fields was modeled using sinusoidal compression waveforms with maximum pressures between 25 and 150 mmHg. Results: The figure shows the dependence of stroke volume on the pressure maximum for the three pressure fields. Peak stroke volumes occur near 75 mmHg for ventricular massage, 125 mmHg for thoracic pump, and 25 mmHg for cardiac pump compressions. Ventricular massage and the cardiac pump model utilize the heart valves to generate blood flow. The thoracic pump model generates blood flow by utilizing the elastic differences between veins and arteries. Conclusions: The three pressure fields have unique values for optimum compression pressure. The Donder’s model may allow for rapid investigation of many pressure fields, pressure wave forms, and compression to ventilation ratios to accelerate the optimization of CPR.

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