Abstract 2656: Copeptin Predicts Cardiovascular Death in STEMI Independent of Clinical Factors and NT-proBNP

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar R Desai ◽  
David A Morrow ◽  
Songtao Jiang ◽  
Christoph Bode ◽  
Nader Rifai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Mortality Prediction ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Killip Class ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Circulating Levels

Background : Elevated levels of copeptin, the c-terminal portion of provasopressin, add significantly to natriuretic peptides for mortality prediction in heart failure. We hypothesized that elevated levels would predict mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods : Circulating copeptin levels were measured at baseline in a case-cohort of 535 STEMI patients undergoing fibrinolysis in CLARITY-TIMI 28. Patients were stratified into quartiles by baseline copeptin. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between copeptin and 30-d cardiovascular (CV) mortality independent of clinical factors and NT-proBNP. Results : The median level of copeptin was 615 pg/ml (IQR 333–728 pg/ml). Baseline levels of copeptin tended to be higher in patients who were older, had a prior MI, were treated sooner after sx onset, and were in Killip class II-IV. For each 1-SD increase in log-transformed copeptin, the OR for CV death was 1.45 (p=0.01). After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics patients in the highest copeptin quartile were at a significantly higher risk of CV death compared with patients in quartiles 1–3 (OR 1.99 [1.05–3.78]). Copeptin was not significantly correlated with NT-proBNP (r=0.09). In a multivariable model, copeptin and NT-proBNP were each significant independent predictors of CV death (Figure ); the c-statistic went from 0.75 to 0.81 with their addition to a model containing clinical risk factors. Conclusion : In a multimarker model, circulating levels of copeptin and NT-proBNP at presentation were powerful and complementary predictors of CV death beyond traditional risk factors in patients with STEMI.

Abstract 1724: Elevated Levels of the Atherosclerotic Lesion Metalloproteinase PAPPA Are an Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Death or CHF in STEMI: Results from the CLARITY-TIMI 28 Biomarker Study

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S Sabatine ◽  
David A Morrow ◽  
Songtao Jiang ◽  
Nader Rifai ◽  
Christopher P Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Killip Class ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Increased Risk

Background : Pregnancy associated plasma proteinase A (PAPPA) is a metalloproteinase found in unstable atherosclerotic lesions. The prognostic value of PAPPA in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unknown. Methods : We measured circulating PAPPA levels using an ELISA (Diagnostic Systems) in a case-cohort of 731 STEMI pts undergoing lysis in CLARITY-TIMI 28 and followed for 30 d. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for demographics, comorbidities, infarct location, Killip class, and type of lytic. Results : The median level of PAPPA was 1.67 mIU/ml (IQR 0.18–9.89 mIU/ml). Patients with higher levels of PAPPA were more likely to be male, but tended to be less likely to have hypertension or diabetes, have an anterior MI, or present in Killip class II–IV. After multivariable adjustment, patients in the top 3 quartiles were at significantly higher risk for cardiovascular death or heart failure (Figure , left, P=0.03). PAPPA levels were not correlated with other biomarkers of death or CHF, including NT-proBNP and ST2 (r<0.10 for both). In a multivariable model that adjusted for clinical covariates, all 3 biomarkers were independent predictors of CV death or CHF (Figure , right, P<0.02 for each) and their addition to clinical risk factors significantly raised the c-statistic from 0.74 to 0.80 (P=0.003). Conclusion : Circulating levels of PAPPA at presentation are a significant predictor of a threefold increased risk of CV death or CHF in patients with STEMI. In a multimarker model, PAPPA, NT-proBNP, and ST2 were significant and complementary predictors of risk, and their addition to clinical risk factors significantly improved the c-statistic. Risk for CV Death or CHF

Cardiac biomarkers for cardiovascular risk prediction among women and men from the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Zhu ◽  
B Arshi ◽  
E Aribas ◽  
MA Ikram ◽  
MK Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Prediction ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University Rotterdam; the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); Purpose To evaluate the sex-specific predictive value of two cardiac biomarkers; N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), alongside traditional cardiovascular risk factors, for 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction in general population. Methods A total of 5430 participants (mean age 68.1 years; 59.9% women) free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with blood sample measurements between 1997 and 2001 were included. We developed a ‘base’ model using cardiovascular risk factors used in the Pooled Cohort Equation (includes age, sex, systolic blood pressure, treatment of hypertension, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, smoking, and diabetes) and then extended the ‘base’ model with NT-proBNP or hs-cTnT. These models were developed for coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and heart failure (HF) and also for composite CVD outcomes. To evaluate biomarkers’ added predictive value, c-statistic, and net reclassification improvement index (NRI) for events and non-events were calculated. NRI was calculated using cutoffs of 5%, 7.5% and 20% to categorize participants as low, borderline, intermediate, or high risk. Results Adding NT-proBNP to the ‘base’ model significantly improved c-statistic for all outcomes (increases ranged between 0.012-0.047), with the largest improvement in HF [0.026 (95% CI, 0.013, 0.040) for women and 0.047 (95% CI, 0.026, 0.069) for men]. Adding hs-TnT to ‘base’ model increased the c-statistic for CHD in women by 0.040 (95% CI, 0.013, 0.067) and for HF in men by 0.032 (95% CI, 0.005, 0.059). Improvments in reclassification by both biomarkers were mostly limited to modest improvemetns in reclassification of non-events [largest non-event NRI for global CVD in women (NT-proBNP: 11.8%; hs-cTnT: 10.5%) and for HF in men (NT-proBNP: 9.6%; hs-cTnT: 8.4%)]. Conclusion NT-proBNP improved model performance for prediction of all cardiovascular outcomes, in particular for HF, beyond traditional risk factors for both women and men. Hs-cTnT showed modest added predictive value beyond traditional risk factors for CHD among women and for HF among men. Imropovements in reclassification by both biomarkers were modest and not clinically relevant. Improvements of 10-year risk predictions Events Adding NT-proBNP Adding troponin T Delta c-statistic* Event NRI, % Non-event NRI, % Delta c-statistic* Event NRI, % Non-event NRI, % WomenASCVD Global CVD 0.012 (0.004, 0.020) 0.018 (0.010, 0.026) -1.7 (-5.0, 1.5)-0.8 (-3.8, 2.2) 5.4 (3.5, 7.2)11.8 (9.6, 14.1) 0.028 (0.009, 0.048)0.025 (0.009, 0.040) -0.4 (-7.1, 6.2)2.9 (-2.4, 8.3) 6.9 (3.9, 9.9)10.5 (7.3, 13.8) MenASCVD Global CVD 0.016 (0.005, 0.027)0.023 (0.012, 0.033) 0.7 (-2.3, 3.7)-0.3 (-3.0, 2.4) 5.2 (3.2, 7.2)7.2 (4.9, 9.4) 0.007 (-0.002, 0.016)0.011 (0.000, 0.021) -1.1 (-5.0, 2.7)-1.6 (-6.0, 2.8) 4.0 (1.2, 6.9)6.4 (3.1, 9.7) ASCVD comprises coronary heart disease and stroke; Global CVD comprises coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure.

Abstract 14760: Myocardial Scarring by Magnetic Resonance Predicts Sudden Cardiac Death in Pediatric Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Grosse-Wortmann ◽  
Laurine van der Wal ◽  
Aswathy Vaikom House ◽  
Lee Benson ◽  
Raymond Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Introduction: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) has been shown to be an independent predictor of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The clinical significance of LGE in pediatric HCM patients is unknown. Hypothesis: LGE improves the SCD risk prediction in children with HCM. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the CMR images and reviewed the outcomes pediatric HCM patients. Results: Amongst the 720 patients from 30 centers, 73% were male, with a mean age of 14.2±4.8 years. During a mean follow up of 2.6±2.7 years (range 0-14.8 years), 34 experienced an episode of SCD or equivalent. LGE (Figure 1A) was present in 34%, with a mean burden of 14±21g, or 2.5±8.2g/m2 (6.2±7.7% of LV myocardium). The presence of ≥1 adult traditional risk factor (family history of SCD, syncope, LV thickness >30mm, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter) was associated with an increased risk of SCD (HR=4.6, p<0.0001). The HCM Risk-Kids score predicted SCD (p=0.002). The presence of LGE was strongly associated with an increased risk (HR=3.8, p=0.0003), even after adjusting for traditional risk factors (HR adj =3.2, p=0.003) or the HCM Risk-Kids score (HR adj =3.5, p=0.003). Furthermore, the burden of LGE was associated with increased risk (HR=2.1/10% LGE, p<0.0001). LGE burden remained independently associated with an increased risk for SCD after adjusting for traditional risk factors (HRadj=1.5/10% LGE, p=0.04) or HCM Risk-Kids (HRadj=1.9/10% LGE, p=0.0018, Figure 1B). The addition of LGE burden improved the predictive model using traditional risk markers (C statistic 0.67 vs 0.77, p=0.003) and HCM Risk-Kids (C statistic 0.68 vs 0.74, p=0.045). Conclusions: Quantitative LGE is an independent risk factor for SCD in pediatric patients with HCM and improves the performance of traditional risk markers and the HCM Risk-Kids Score for SCD risk stratification in this population.

scholarly journals Lowered anti-beta1 adrenergic receptor antibody concentrations may have prognostic significance in acute coronary syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ernst ◽  
Johan Westerbergh ◽  
Georgios Sogkas ◽  
Alexandra Jablonka ◽  
Gerrit Ahrenstorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Prognostic Implications

Abstract Although several risk factors exist for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) no biomarkers for survival or risk of re-infarction have been validated. Previously, reduced serum concentrations of anti-ß1AR Ab have been implicated in poorer ACS outcomes. This study further evaluates the prognostic implications of anti-ß1AR-Ab levels at the time of ACS onset. Serum anti-ß1AR Ab concentrations were measured in randomly selected patients from within the PLATO cohort. Stratification was performed according to ACS event: ST-elevation myocardial infarct (STEMI) vs. non-ST elevation myocardial infarct (NSTEMI). Antibody concentrations at ACS presentation were compared to 12-month all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as 12-month re-infarction. Sub-analysis, stratifying for age and the correlation between antibody concentration and conventional cardiac risk-factors was subsequently performed. Serum anti-ß1AR Ab concentrations were measured in 400/799 (50%) STEMI patients and 399 NSTEMI patients. Increasing anti-ß1AR Ab concentrations were associated with STEMI (p = 0.001). Across all ACS patients, no associations between anti-ß1AR Ab concentration and either all-cause cardiovascular death or myocardial re-infarction (p = 0.14) were evident. However among STEMI patients ≤60 years with anti-ß1AR Ab concentration <median higher rates of re-infarction were observed, compared to those with anti-ß1AR Ab concentrations > median (14/198 (7.1%) vs. 2/190 (1.1%)); p = 0.01). Similarly, the same sub-group demonstrated greater risk of cardiovascular death in year 1, including re-infarction and stroke (22/198 (11.1%) vs. 10/190 (5.3%); p = 0.017). ACS Patients ≤60 years, exhibiting lower concentrations of ß1AR Ab carry a greater risk for early re-infarction and cardiovascular death. Large, prospective studies quantitatively assessing the prognostic relevance of Anti-ß1AR Ab levels should be considered.

scholarly journals A genetic risk score predicts recurrent events after myocardial infarction in young patients with a low level of traditional risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Mendonca ◽  
M I Mendonca ◽  
M Temtem ◽  
M Santos ◽  
J A Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Abstract Introduction Coronary Heart Disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease, including environmental and genetic risk factors. Current smoking, dyslipidemia and diabetes have a significant impact in long- term mortality and morbidity. However, several genetic variants associated with CAD but not with traditional risk factors (TRFs) has been reported to improve prediction of events and extended mortality, in younger CAD people. Aim To evaluate the clinical utility of a GRS composed by variants from GWAS associated to CAD but not with TRF to predict life-long residual risk in patients under 55 years old and a low level of TRFs. Methods We conducted a prospective study with 573 consecutive patients aged &lt;55 years presenting with AMI and a low level of TRFs (without diabetes and with LDL cholesterol &gt;150 mg/ml). We analysed several biochemical markers and performed a GRS with variants not associated with TRFs (TCF21 rs12190287, CDKN2B-AS1 rs1333049, CDKN2B rs4977574, PHACTR1 rs1332844, MIA3 rs17465637, ADAMTS7 rs3825807, ZC3HC1 rs11556924, SMAD3 rs17228212 and GJA4 rs618675). We studied the GRS association with a primary composite endpoint of all-cause vascular morbidity and mortality including recurrent acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarct and unstable angina), coronary revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), re-hospitalization for heart failure, ischemic stroke and cardiovascular dead. Results A total of 573 patients were studied and followed up for a mean of 4.7±4.0 years. There were 169 recurrent cardiovascular events. The GRS was sub-divided into terciles, verifying that patients in the third tercile (high risk) had a higher number of risk alleles. Compared with the low-risk GRS tercile, the multivariate-adjusted HR for recurrences was 1.520 (95% CI 1.011–2.286); p=0.044 for the intermediate-risk group and was 2.051 (95% CI 1.382–3.044); p&lt;0.0001 for the high-risk group. Inclusion of the GRS in the model with TRFs alone (low risk) improved the C-statistic analysis (C-statistic = 0.030; p=0.004), cNRI (continuous net reclassification improvement) (30.8%), and the IDI (integrated discrimination improvement index) (0.022). Conclusions A multilocus GRS may identify young coronary disease patients with a low level of TRFs but at significant risk of long-term events recurrence. The genetic information may improve prediction discrimination, and reclassification over the conventional risk factors alone, providing better cost-effective therapeutic strategies. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1

scholarly journals Change in left atrioventricular coupling index to predict incident atrial fibrillation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Pezel ◽  
B Ambale Venkatesh ◽  
T Quinaglia ◽  
S Heckbert ◽  
YOKO Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Coupling Index ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. BACKGROUND Left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) structural and functional parameters have independent prognostic values as predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF). PURPOSE Due to the intrinsic physiological relationship between LA and LV, we sought to investigate the prognostic value of a left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) as well as change in LACI to predict incident AF in a multi-ethnic population. METHODS In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 1,911 study participants, free of clinically recognized AF and cardiovascular disease at baseline, had LACI assessed with CMR imaging at baseline (Exam 1, 2000–2002), and ten years later (Exam 5, 2010–2012). LACI was defined as the ratio of LA to LV end-diastolic volumes. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations of LACI and average annualized change in LACI (ΔLACI) with incident AF. RESULTS Among the 1,911 participants (mean age 59 ± 9 years and 47.5% male participants), 87 incident AF events occurred over 3.9 ±0.9 years following the second imaging (Exam 5). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, greater LACI and ΔLACI were independently associated with AF (HR 1.69, 95% CI [1.46-1.96] and HR 1.71, 95% CI [1.50-1.94], respectively; both p &lt; 0.0001). Adjusted models for LACI and ΔLACI showed significant improvement in model discrimination compared to currently used AF risk score model for predicting AF incidence (C-statistic: 0.78 vs. 0.74, and C-statistic: 0.80 vs. 0.74, respectively). The LACI and ΔLACI also showed superior discrimination performance for AF compared to the multivariable model including CHARGE-AF score, and individual LA or LV parameters. CONCLUSIONS Atrioventricular coupling (LACI) and coupling change (ΔLACI) are strong predictors for AF incidence in a multi-ethnic population. Both have incremental prognostic value for predicting AF over traditional risk factors, and superior discrimination power compared to the CHARGE-AF score and to individual LA or LV parameters.

scholarly journals Prognostic interest of vasodilator stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance after a first inconclusive stress testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Pezel ◽  
T Unterseeh ◽  
P Garot ◽  
T Hovasse ◽  
M Kinnel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Stress Perfusion ◽  
Inducible Ischemia ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Stress Cmr

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. BACKGROUND While current guidelines recommend to perform a noninvasive test to detect coronary artery disease, stress tests are deemed inconclusive in almost a third of cases. The strategy for risk stratification after inconclusive stress testing is not well standardized. PURPOSE To assess the prognostic value of stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters and CMR-based coronary revascularization in patients after inconclusive stress testing. METHODS Between 2008 and 2020, consecutive patients with a first inconclusive stress test referred for vasodilator stress perfusion CMR were followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined by cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. CMR-related coronary revascularization was defined as any revascularisation occurring within 90 days after CMR. Univariable and multivariable Cox regressions were performed to determine the prognostic value of each parameter. RESULTS Of 1,563 patients who completed the CMR protocol, 1,402 patients (66.7% male, mean age 69.5 ± 11.0 years) completed the follow-up (median[interquartile range], 6.5 [5.6-7.5] years); 197 experienced a MACE (14.1%). Stress CMR was well tolerated without severe adverse events. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, inducible ischemia and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were significantly associated with the occurrence of MACE (hazard ratio, HR: 2.88 [95%CI, 2.18-3.81]; and HR: 1.46 [95%CI, 1.16-1.89], both p &lt; 0.001; respectively). In multivariable Cox regression, the presence and extent of inducible ischemia were independent predictors of a higher incidence of MACE (HR: 2.53 [95%CI, 1.89-3.40]; and HR: 1.58 [95%CI, 1.47-1.71]; both p &lt; 0.001; respectively). After adjustment, the extent of inducible ischemia showed the best improvement in model discrimination above traditional risk factors (C-statistic 0.75 [95%CI: 0.69-0.81] with C-statistic improvement: 0.12). The study showed no benefit of CMR-related coronary revascularization in reducing MACE. CONCLUSION In patients with a first inconclusive stress test, stress CMR has good prognostic value to predict MACE offering an incremental prognostic value over traditional risk factors.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Polygenic Score, Clinical Risk Factors, and Long-Term Trajectories of Coronary Artery Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2738-2746
Author(s):  
George Hindy ◽  
Krishna G. Aragam ◽  
Kenney Ng ◽  
Mark Chaffin ◽  
Luca A. Lotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Risk Estimator ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Artery Disease

Objective: To determine the relationship of a genome-wide polygenic score for coronary artery disease (GPS CAD ) with lifetime trajectories of CAD risk, directly compare its predictive capacity to traditional risk factors, and assess its interplay with the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) clinical risk estimator. Approach and Results: We studied GPS CAD in 28 556 middle-aged participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, of whom 4122 (14.4%) developed CAD over a median follow-up of 21.3 years. A pronounced gradient in lifetime risk of CAD was observed—16% for those in the lowest GPS CAD decile to 48% in the highest. We evaluated the discriminative capacity of the GPS CAD —as assessed by change in the C-statistic from a baseline model including age and sex—among 5685 individuals with PCE risk estimates available. The increment for the GPS CAD (+0.045, P <0.001) was higher than for any of 11 traditional risk factors (range +0.007 to +0.032). Minimal correlation was observed between GPS CAD and 10-year risk defined by the PCE ( r =0.03), and addition of GPS CAD improved the C-statistic of the PCE model by 0.026. A significant gradient in lifetime risk was observed for the GPS CAD , even among individuals within a given PCE clinical risk stratum. We replicated key findings—noting strikingly consistent results—in 325 003 participants of the UK Biobank. Conclusions: GPS CAD —a risk estimator available from birth—stratifies individuals into varying trajectories of clinical risk for CAD. Implementation of GPS CAD may enable identification of high-risk individuals early in life, decades in advance of manifest risk factors or disease.

scholarly journals 741 Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Factors are Strongly Associated With Traditional Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Death

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S369-S370
Author(s):  
R. Muthalaly ◽  
A. Baradi ◽  
O. Mehta ◽  
D. O'Regan ◽  
A. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors
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