Abstract P066: A Refined Carbohydrate Diet Attenuates Weight Loss in Insulin Resistant Individuals

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A Harris ◽  
Sheila G West ◽  
Jack P Vanden Heuvel ◽  
Penny M Kris-Etherton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Interaction Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Insulin Resistant

Introduction: Weight loss is attenuated in individuals with insulin resistance (IR) who follow a traditional high-carbohydrate, calorie-restricted diet. However, the type of carbohydrate may modulate this response. We studied the effects of whole grains vs. refined grains on weight loss in individuals with increased waist circumference (M: >102 cm, F: >88 cm) and at least 1 other metabolic syndrome characteristic. Hypothesis: In a secondary analysis, we hypothesized that IR individuals (estimated by a triglyceride:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio > 3.5) would lose more weight on a hypocaloric diet with whole grains vs. refined grains. Methods: Overweight or obese (BMI 25–42 kg/m2) men and women (n=50) 35–55 yrs were randomized to a controlled-feeding diet with whole vs. refined grains for 12 weeks [6 weeks isocaloric then 6 weeks hypocaloric (∼500 kcal/d)]. Results: [All comparisons represented as IR mean±SEM vs. insulin sensitive (IS) mean±SEM, p-value)]. Compared to the IS group (n=29), the IR group (n=21) was predominately male (14 M/7 F vs. 11M/18F, p=0.04), weighed more (107.5±3.3 vs. 93.9±3.0 kg, p=0.005), and had increased waist circumference (113±2.2 vs. 106±1.5 cm, p=0.02). IR status did not affect overall percent body weight (%BW) lost over the course of the study (−4.0±0.4 vs. −4.5±0.3 %BW; p for interaction, time x IR status = 0.34). However, IR status did affect %BW lost when the type of carbohydrate was considered (p for interaction, time x IR status x diet = 0.04; Figure ). Post-hoc analysis revealed that within the refined grain group, IR participants lost less %BW than the IS participants (−4.14±0.4 vs. −5.84±0.5 %BW, adjusted p=0.04). On the whole grains diet, %BW lost was similar in the IS and IR groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, IR individuals lost less %BW than IS individuals on the hypocaloric refined grain diet. Limiting refined grains may improve the efficacy of traditional weight loss diets in IR individuals. Figure. %BW lost in IR and IS groups on refined grain diet, *p=0.04.

scholarly journals Associations of Changes in Blood Lipid Concentrations with Changes in Dietary Cholesterol Intake in the Context of a Healthy Low-Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diet: A Secondary Analysis of the DIETFITS Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1935
Author(s):  
Monica Vergara ◽  
Michelle E. Hauser ◽  
Lucia Aronica ◽  
Joseph Rigdon ◽  
Priya Fielding-Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Weight Loss Diet ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Cholesterol Intake

In 2015, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) eliminated the historical upper limit of 300 mg of dietary cholesterol/day and shifted to a more general recommendation that cholesterol intake should be limited. The primary aim of this secondary analysis of the Diet Intervention Examining the Factors Interacting With Treatment Success (DIETFITS) weight loss diet trial was to evaluate the associations between 12-month changes in dietary cholesterol intake (mg/day) and changes in plasma lipids, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol for those following a healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet. Secondary aims included examining high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides and changes in refined grains and added sugars. The DIETFITS trial randomized 609 healthy adults aged 18–50 years with body mass indices of 28–40 kg/m2 to an HLC or healthy low-fat (HLF) diet for 12 months. Linear regressions examined the association between 12-month change in dietary cholesterol intake and plasma lipids in 208 HLC participants with complete diet and lipid data, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Baseline dietary cholesterol intake was 322 ± 173 (mean ± SD). At 12 months, participants consumed an average of 460 ± 227 mg/day of dietary cholesterol; 76% consumed over the previously recommended limit of 300 mg/day. Twelve-month changes in cholesterol intake were not significantly associated with 12-month changes in LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides. Diet recall data suggested participants’ increase in dietary cholesterol was partly due to replacing refined grains and sugars with eggs. An increase in daily dietary cholesterol intake to levels substantially above the previous 300 mg upper limit was not associated with a negative impact on lipid profiles in the setting of a healthy, low-carbohydrate weight loss diet.

Abstract P358: Consumption of Better Quality Grain Products and Fat Sources is Associated With the Greatest Increments in Diet Quality for US Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Sullivan ◽  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
Victor Fulgoni ◽  
Fulya Eren ◽  
Martha E Cassens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Total Diet

Introduction: The Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 quantifies alignment with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans by scoring and totaling 13 components. Higher scores have been associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The contributions of individual components toward total diet quality and associations with health in American adults have not been determined. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that the individual HEI-2015 components would differentially contribute to total diet quality and correlate with CVD risk factors in U.S. adults. Methods: Non-pregnant, non-lactating adult participants (age 19+ years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2016 with at least one reliable 24-hour dietary recall were included in the analysis (n=39,799). Total and component HEI-2015 scores were calculated per person using a single recall. Linear regression models accounting for the complex sampling design were used to assess associations between total and component HEI-2015 scores and CVD risk factors after adjustment for potential confounders. Significance of beta coefficients was defined by p<0.01. Results: Total HEI-2015 score was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; ß±SE, 0.10±0.01 mg/dL) and inversely associated with BMI (-0.05±0 kg/m 2 ), waist circumference (WC; -0.13±0.01 cm), systolic blood pressure (SBP; -0.04±0.01 mmHg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; -0.09±0.03 mg/dL), triglycerides (-0.20±0.08 mg/dL), fasting glucose (-0.05±0.02 mg/dL), and insulin (-0.03±0.01 μU/mL). All component scores increased with total score. The Whole Grains and Fatty Acid Ratio components made the greatest contributions (both +0.12 points or 12%) to each one-unit increase in HEI-2015, followed by moderation components Refined Grains and Saturated Fat (both +0.11 or 11%). Increases in the Fatty Acid Ratio score were explained by decreasing saturated fat (-1.67 g/unit, 95% CI: -1.73 to -1.61) and increasing polyunsaturated fat (PUFA; 1.17 g/unit, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.22); increases in monounsaturated fats were relatively small (0.18 g/unit, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.25). The predominant PUFA was linoleic acid, which increased 1.06 g/unit (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.11). Scores for grain-related components were favorably associated with BMI, WC, SBP and HDL-C; fat quality components were inversely associated with BMI, WC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. Conclusion: Diet quality is favorably associated with several CVD risk factors. Approximately 50% of each 1-point increase in HEI-2015 is related to the quality of grain-based products and fat sources. Choosing whole grains instead of refined grains, and PUFA in place of saturated fats, is associated with improvements in diet quality and cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Triglyceride High-Density Lipoprotein Ratios Predict Glycemia-Lowering in Response to Insulin Sensitizing Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the BARI 2D

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Zonszein ◽  
Manuel Lombardero ◽  
Faramarz Ismail-Beigi ◽  
Pasquale Palumbo ◽  
Suzy Foucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Patient

Glycemic management is central in prevention of small vessel and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. With the plethora of newer medications and recommendations for a patient centered approach, more information is necessary to match the proper drug to each patient. We showed that BARI 2D, a five-year trial designed to compare two different glycemic treatment strategies, was suitable for assessing different responses according to different phenotypic characteristics. Treatment with insulin sensitizing medications such as thiazolidinediones and metformin was more effective in improving glycemic control, particularly in the more insulin resistant patient, when compared to the insulin provision strategy using insulin and or sulfonylureas. Triglyceride and high density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio) was found to be a readily available and practical biomarker that helps to identify the insulin resistant patient. These results support the concept that not all medications for glycemic control work the same in all patients. Thus, tailored therapy can be done using phenotypic characteristics rather than a “one-size-fits-all approach.”

Abstract P111: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercises on Weight Loss, Metabolic Syndrome Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Jie Xie ◽  
Stanley Sai-chuen Hui ◽  
Timothy Chi-yui Kwok ◽  
Jean Woo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mineral Density

Introduction: Tai Chi and walking are both moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) that can be easily practiced in daily life. The purpose of this study was to better understand that after practicing these two types of PAs in a relative short term and keeping the stable dietary intake in this period, how much body weight would be reduced and what extent the metabolic syndrome parameters would be improved; and if a significant weight loss was observed, whether this exercise-induced weight loss had adverse effect on bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Three-hundred seventy-four healthy and physically inactive adults (45.8±5.3 years) from 9 geographic areas in Hong Kong were randomized to 12 weeks training (45 minutes per day, 5 days per week) of Tai Chi (n=124) or self-paced walking (n=121), or control group (n=129) at area level. Body weight, fat and lean mass, waist circumference, blood pressure and regional BMD, as well as the fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning and end of trial. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides were analyzed. Results: On average, Tai Chi and walking groups lost 0.50 and 0.76 kg of body weight, 0.47 and 0.59 kg of fat mass, respectively (all p<0.001). No significant changes were observed for lean mass and BMD. Two intervention groups had significant improvements in waist circumference and FBG. The between-group difference of waist circumference and FBG was -3.7 cm and -0.18 mmol/L for Tai Chi vs. control; and -4.1 cm and -0.22 mmol/L for walking vs. control (all p<0.001). No significant differences were observed regarding blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides compared to control (all p>0.05). The effects on all outcomes between Tai Chi and walking were similar (all p>0.05). Among intervention groups, change in lean mass, not fat mass or total weight loss, was significantly correlated to the change in BMD. Conclusions: 12-week Tai Chi and walking exercises can produce moderate weight loss and improve the waist circumference and FBG in middle-aged Hong Kong Chinese people, with no additional effects on BMD.

scholarly journals Triglyceride to High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio as Predictor of Cardiometabolic Risk among Doctors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Miliva Mozaffor ◽  
Md Matiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

Background: Cardiometabolic risk indicates high risk of cardiovascular disease for a person. Obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are the contributing factors for cardiometabolic risk. Objective: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted to evaluate triglyceride to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio as predictor of cardiometabolic risk among doctors and to compare the risk between male and female doctors. Results: One hundred ninety five doctors were enrolled in this study. According to triglyceride to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio 63.5% doctors have cardiometabolic risk in which male and female doctors were 66.3% and 57.5% respectively. The prevalence was apparently higher in male doctors than in female doctors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis on the basis of triglyceride to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio at a cutoff value ≥3.0 showed area under curve 0.81 (p value=0.000) with sensitivity 72.3% and specificity 75.8%. Conclusion: It may be concluded from this study that triglyceride to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio is a good predictor of cardiometabolic risk among doctors. J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(3): 181-184

scholarly journals The Effects of Flaxseed on Weight Loss in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Hatav Ghasemi-Tehrani ◽  
Hossein Fallahzadeh ◽  
Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of flaxseed consumption in improving weight loss and altering anthropometric indices in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our hypothesis was that the high fiber and α-linolenic (ALA) contents of flaxseed would decrease weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and fat mass, so it would improve PCOS. Materials and Methods: Sixty eight patients between the ages of 20 and 40 years participated in this double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled study. Subjects were randomly assigned to flaxseed and placebo groups to use 15 grams of flaxseed or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Sixty two participants completed anthropometric measurements before and after study. Results: The results showed that weight, BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat percentage and body fat percentage were significantly decreased and body muscle percentage was significantly increased in both groups. In addition consumption of 15 gr/days flaxseed for 12 weeks by overweight or obese women with PCOS significantly decreased the mean change of BMI ( P -value= 0.04) and in regards of weight, the reduction was marginally significant ( P -value= 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the mean change of waist circumference ( P -value= 0.46), percentage of body fat ( P value= 0.78), muscle ( P -value= 0.18) and visceral fat ( P -value= 0.43) between flaxseed and control groups. Conclusion: These findings represented that flaxseed supplementation could reduce BMI and weight but other factors did not change significantly. Further studies are needed to show that flaxseed can be used as a supplement for weight loss in PCOS.

The effect of green Mediterranean diet on cardiometabolic risk; a randomised controlled trial

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2020-317802
Author(s):  
Gal Tsaban ◽  
Anat Yaskolka Meir ◽  
Ehud Rinott ◽  
Hila Zelicha ◽  
Alon Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Extreme Groups ◽  
The Mediterranean

BackgroundA Mediterranean diet is favourable for cardiometabolic risk.ObjectiveTo examine the residual effect of a green Mediterranean diet, further enriched with green plant-based foods and lower meat intake, on cardiometabolic risk.MethodsFor the DIRECT-PLUS parallel, randomised clinical trial we assigned individuals with abdominal obesity/dyslipidaemia 1:1:1 into three diet groups: healthy dietary guidance (HDG), Mediterranean and green Mediterranean diet, all combined with physical activity. The Mediterranean diets were equally energy restricted and included 28 g/day walnuts. The green Mediterranean diet further included green tea (3–4 cups/day) and a Wolffia globosa (Mankai strain; 100 g/day frozen cubes) plant-based protein shake, which partially substituted animal protein. We examined the effect of the 6-month dietary induction weight loss phase on cardiometabolic state.ResultsParticipants (n=294; age 51 years; body mass index 31.3 kg/m2; waist circumference 109.7 cm; 88% men; 10 year Framingham risk score 4.7%) had a 6-month retention rate of 98.3%. Both Mediterranean diets achieved similar weight loss ((green Mediterranean −6.2 kg; Mediterranean −5.4 kg) vs the HDG group −1.5 kg; p<0.001), but the green Mediterranean group had a greater reduction in waist circumference (−8.6 cm) than the Mediterranean (−6.8 cm; p=0.033) and HDG (−4.3 cm; p<0.001) groups. Stratification by gender showed that these differences were significant only among men. Within 6 months the green Mediterranean group achieved greater decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; green Mediterranean −6.1 mg/dL (−3.7%), −2.3 (-0.8%), HDG −0.2 mg/dL (+1.8%); p=0.012 between extreme groups), diastolic blood pressure (green Mediterranean −7.2 mm Hg, Mediterranean −5.2 mm Hg, HDG −3.4 mm Hg; p=0.005 between extreme groups), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (green Mediterranean −0.77, Mediterranean −0.46, HDG −0.27; p=0.020 between extreme groups). The LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio decline was greater in the green Mediterranean group (−0.38) than in the Mediterranean (−0.21; p=0.021) and HDG (−0.14; p<0.001) groups. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein reduction was greater in the green Mediterranean group (−0.52 mg/L) than in the Mediterranean (−0.24 mg/L; p=0.023) and HDG (−0.15 mg/L; p=0.044) groups. The green Mediterranean group achieved a better improvement (−3.7% absolute risk reduction) in the 10-year Framingham Risk Score (Mediterranean−2.3%; p=0.073, HDG−1.4%; p<0.001).ConclusionsThe green MED diet, supplemented with walnuts, green tea and Mankai and lower in meat/poultry, may amplify the beneficial cardiometabolic effects of Mediterranean diet.Trial registration numberThis study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no NCT03020186.

scholarly journals Plasma Lipidomics Profiles After a Diet Characterized by Whole Grains Compared to a Diet High in Refined Grains and Added Sugars (FS03-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Dibay Moghadam ◽  
Sandi Navarro ◽  
Ali Shojaie ◽  
Timothy Randolph ◽  
Lisa Bettcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missing Values ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Complex Models

Abstract Objectives Dietary patterns high in fiber from sources including whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, are associated with lower risk of chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. We investigated how plasma lipidomics profiles differed between a diet high in whole grains (WG) versus a diet high in refined grains and added sugars (RG). Methods Using a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study, 80 healthy participants (n = 40 men, n = 40 women, 40 normal weight, 40 overweight/obese), 18–45 y, were randomized to receive either a WG or RG diet for 28 days. After a 28-day washout period where participants resumed their habitual diet, they crossed over to the other diet. Targeted, differential mobility mass spectrometry was performed on fasting plasma samples collected at the baseline and end of each diet period and quantified the concentrations of 863 lipids from 13 classes. Paired t-tests and pairwise partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to evaluate differences in lipid profiles between the two diets. Results At a class level, only ceramides were significantly different when comparing the two diets. After removing lipid species with > 20% missing values or CVs < 25%, 606 were retained for species analysis. Sixty-seven lipid species were significantly different between diets at day 28 (FDR < 0.05): 38 of 414 detected triglycerides, 9 of 59 phosphatidylethanolamines, 9 of 63 phosphatidylcholines, 4 of 22 cholesterol esters, 3 of 11 sphingomyelins, 2 of 13 lysophosphatidylcholines, and 1 of 5 ceramides. The majority of significant lipids were higher in plasma after the WG diet. PLSDA analysis showed the first and second components explaining 49% and 8.4%, respectively. Based on the selected components, lipidomic profiles showed fair separation for the two groups of diet. R2 values were 0.07 and 0.43, and Q2 values were -0.03 and 0.04 for components 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions Higher concentrations of some lipid species such as cholesterol ester 12:0, a carrier of high-density lipoprotein, could indicate a favorable shift in lipid profiles. Further investigation using more complex models are being conducted. Funding Sources National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document