Abstract P293: Resting Metabolic Rate, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Racial Differences in Adiposity among Adult Women

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin P Shook ◽  
Gregory A Hand ◽  
Amanda E Paluch ◽  
James R Hebert ◽  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Vigorous Activity

Background: African American (AA) adult females have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to their Caucasian (Cauc) peers. Lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) values, a hypothesized contributor to higher levels of adiposity, have been observed among AA women. However, it is unknown whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with RMR in this population. Methods: Sixty-two overweight/obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25.0) yet healthy women (42 Cauc, 20 AA) between the ages of 21-35 years were recruited for the present study. RMR was measured using a ventilated hood system. Participants arrived fasted for at least 12 hrs and having refrained from alcohol/exercise for at least 24 hrs. Participants rested in a supine position for 30-minutes, followed by a 30-minute RMR gas collection period. Body weight (BW) and height were measured and body fat (BF) was calculated as the percentage of total weight identified as fat tissue by dual x-ray absorptiometry. CRF was measured via a metabolic cart during a modified Bruce treadmill protocol. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was assessed using an arm-based physical activity monitor worn at all times for 10 consecutive days. Energy intake (EI) was assessed over a 14-day period via interviewer-administered dietary recall. Results: Cauc and AA participants were similar in terms of age (27.6±4.2 years), weight (79.9±9.9 kg), BMI (29.4±2.9 kg/m2), body fat percentage (41.0±5.1 percent), and EI (1760±397 kcal/day). Compared to Cauc, AA women were slightly shorter (162.4±7.0 vs. 165.8±5.1 cm, p=0.0371), lower CRF (27.4±3.8 vs. 31.4±5.2 ml/kg/min, p=0.0032), lower TEE (2438±264 vs. 2598±303 kcal/day, p=0.0102) and lower RMR (1436±222 vs. 1569±181 kcal/day, p=0.0154). Energy expenditure resulting from moderate/vigorous activity was higher in Cauc females (552±386 vs. 355±197 kcal/day, p=0.0102). RMR was correlated with fat mass, CRF and race. After adjustment for age, race, body weight, fat-free mass, fat mass, and CRF, the least squares means for RMR remained lower in AA compared to Cauc (1444 vs. 1565 kcal/day, p=0.0034) and was only significantly related race (p=0.0034). Conclusion: The results of this study confirm previous research reporting lower RMR values among AA females compared to their Cauc counterparts, though these differences did not result in variations of adiposity. The current analyses suggest CRF plays an important role in the determination of RMR. The differences among racial groups in energy expenditure resulting from moderate/vigorous activity may play a key role in the determination of CRF and ultimately RMR.

scholarly journals Computational model of in vivo human energy metabolism during semistarvation and refeeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (1) ◽  
pp. E23-E37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Metabolic Fluxes

Changes in body weight and composition are the result of complex interactions among metabolic fluxes contributing to macronutrient balances. To better understand these interactions, a mathematical model was constructed that used the measured dietary macronutrient intake during semistarvation and refeeding as model inputs and computed whole body energy expenditure, de novo lipogenesis, and gluconeogenesis as well as turnover and oxidation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Published in vivo human data provided the basis for the model components that were integrated by fitting a few unknown parameters to the classic Minnesota human starvation experiment. The model simulated the measured body weight and fat mass changes during semistarvation and refeeding and predicted the unmeasured metabolic fluxes underlying the body composition changes. The resting metabolic rate matched the experimental measurements and required a model of adaptive thermogenesis. Refeeding caused an elevation of de novo lipogenesis that, along with increased fat intake, resulted in a rapid repletion and overshoot of body fat. By continuing the computer simulation with the prestarvation diet and physical activity, the original body weight and composition were eventually restored, but body fat mass was predicted to take more than one additional year to return to within 5% of its original value. The model was validated by simulating a recently published short-term caloric restriction experiment without changing the model parameters. The predicted changes in body weight, fat mass, resting metabolic rate, and nitrogen balance matched the experimental measurements, thereby providing support for the validity of the model.

Determination of total energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate and physical activity in lean and overweight people

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thielecke ◽  
J. Möseneder ◽  
A. Kroke ◽  
K. Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
H. Boeing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight People

Impact of body fat mass and percent fat on metabolic rate and thermogenesis in men

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. E573-E579 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Segal ◽  
I. Lacayanga ◽  
A. Dunaif ◽  
B. Gutin ◽  
F. X. Pi-Sunyer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Group A ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Thermic Effect

To clarify further the independent relationships of body composition parameters to energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and postprandial thermogenesis were studied in four groups who were matched for absolute fat mass (study 1) and relative fatness (study 2). In study 1, five lean [group A, 15.4 +/- 0.6% (+/- SE) body fat] and five obese men (group B, 25.0 +/- 0.9% fat) were matched on body fat mass (13.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 14.4 +/- 0.8 kg, respectively). Fat-free mass (FFM) and total weight were greater for group A than B. RMR was measured for 3 h in the fasted state and after a 720-kcal mixed meal. RMR was greater for group A than B (1.38 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.14 +/- 0.04 kcal/min, P less than 0.05). The thermic effect of food, calculated as 3 h postprandial minus fasting RMR, was greater for group A than B (65 +/- 6 vs. 23 +/- 9 kcal/3 h; P less than 0.05). In study 2, two groups (n = 6 men/group) were matched for percent body fat (33 +/- 1% fat for both) but differed in lean, fat, and total weights: 50.8 +/- 3.1 kg FFM for the lighter (group C) vs. 68.0 +/- 2.8 kg FFM for the heavier (group D) group, P less than 0.05. RMR was lower for group C than D (1.17 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.33 +/- 0.04 kcal/min, P less than 0.05), but the thermic effect of food was not significantly different (31 +/- 3 vs. 20 +/- 6 kcal/3 h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: Relative Changes in Resting Metabolic Rate and Energy Expenditure for Physical Activity and Association With Weight Loss Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 526-526
Author(s):  
Rachel Silver ◽  
Sai Das ◽  
Michael Lowe ◽  
Susan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives There is persistent controversy over the extent to which different components of energy expenditure disproportionately decrease after weight loss and contribute to weight regain through decreased energy requirements. We conducted a secondary analysis of the CALERIE I study to test the hypothesis that decreased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure for physical activity (EEPA) after a 6-month calorie restriction intervention would predict weight regain at 12 months, with a greater decrease in RMR than EEPA. Methods Participants (n = 46) received all food and energy-containing beverages for 6 months. Outcome measures included total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water, RMR by indirect calorimetry, and body composition by BOD POD. Predictions for RMR and EEPA were derived from baseline linear regression models including age, sex, fat mass, and fat free mass. Baseline regression coefficients were used to calculate the predicted RMR and EEPA at 6 months. Residuals were calculated as the difference between measured and predicted values and were adjusted for body weight. The presence of metabolic adaptation was evaluated by a paired t-test comparing measured and predicted RMR at 6 months. Differences between 6-month RMR and EEPA residuals were evaluated by the same method. Linear regression was used to assess the association between 6-month residuals and weight loss maintenance (% weight change, 6 to 12 months). Results Mean weight loss was 6.9% at 6 months with 2.1% regain from 6 to 12 months. No adaptation in RMR was observed at 6 months (mean residual: 19 kcal; 95% confidence interval: −9, 48; P = 0.18). However, significant adaptation was observed in EEPA (mean residual: −199 kcal; −126, −272; P < 0.0001). In addition, the mean 6-month RMR residual was significantly greater than the mean 6-month EEPA residual (218 kcal; 133, 304; P < 0.0001). There was no significant association between 6-month RMR or EEPA residuals and weight regain at 12 months (P = 0.56, 0.34). Conclusions There was no measurable decrease in RMR with weight loss after adjusting for changes in fat free mass and fat mass, but there was a decrease in EEPA. Changes in RMR and EEPA with weight loss over 6 months did not predict weight regain at 12 months. Funding Sources Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Doctoral Scholarship; USDA agreement #8050–51000-105–01S

scholarly journals The effects of physical exercise on metabolic rate and dietary-induced thermogenesis

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gleeson ◽  
J. F. Brown ◽  
J. J. Waring ◽  
M. J. Stock
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Similar Body

1. The energy metabolism of ad lib.-fed adult male Wistar rats receiving daily running exercise (0·9 km/d; 8° incline) on a motor-driven treadmill, over a period of 56 d, was compared with that of sedentary ad lib.-fed rats and sedentary restricted-fed rats of similar body-weight (approximately 420 g).2. The metabolizable energy of the diet (Oxoid 41B) was 11·44 ± 0·05 kJ/g. This value was not affected by restricted feeding (70% ad lib.), exercise training or exercise itself.3. Exercise-trained rats ate 5% more food than the sedentary ad lib.-fed rats but their equilibrium body-weight was 60 g lower than that of the latter group.4. Resting metabolic rate, measured over 22 h in a respiration chamber was increased by 10% in exercise-trained animals.5. Feeding increased energy expenditure (dietary-induced thermogenesis) and this effect was potentiated by performance of an exercise task.6. Exercise-trained rats exhibited anticipatory rises in energy expenditure (approximately 40%) when placed on a stationary treadmill.7. Treadmill work increased energy expenditure by a factor of 1·9–2·4.8. The energy cost of the exercise, determined by respiration calorimetry was 66–80 J/g per km. These energy costs did not account for all the differences observed in food energy consumption of exercise-trained and sedentary rats of equal body-weight.9. It is concluded that regular physical exercise increases energy expenditure by factors additional to the energy requirement directly related to the physical work. These factors include an increased resting metabolic rale in exercise-trained rats, increased dietary thermogenesis induced by exercise and anticipatory increases in energy metabolism during the period preceding exercise.

scholarly journals Is resting metabolic rate different between men and women?

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Buchholz ◽  
M. Rafii ◽  
P. B. Pencharz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Composition Factors

A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been proposed as a possible cause for the increased body fat commonly seen in women compared with men. Absolute RMR is higher in men, but whether RMR adjusted for lean body mass (LBM) remains higher is unresolved. The objective of the present study was to determine whether RMR adjusted for various body composition factors differed between healthy adult men and women. Thirty men (28·3±8·0 years, BMI 23·7±2·1 kg/m2) and twenty-eight women (28·7±6·9 years, BMI 22·2±1·9 kg/m2) were included in the analyses. RMR was measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry for 60 min. Extracellular water (ECW) was measured by corrected Br- space and total body water (TBW) by 2H dilution. LBM was estimated as TBW/0·732. Intracellular water (ICW) was calculated as TBW-ECW, and body cell mass (BCM) as ICW/0·732. Men were heavier and had higher BMI, LBM, BCM and ECW, but less fat mass. Absolute RMR was higher in men than women (7280±844 v. 5485±537 kJ/d, P<0·0001). This difference became non-significant when RMR was adjusted for LBM by ANCOVA (6536±630 v. 6282±641 kJ/d, P=0·2191), but remained significant when adjusted for BCM (6680±744 v. 6128±756 kJ/d, P=0·0249). Fat mass explained a significant amount of variation in RMR in women (r2 0·28, P=0·0038), but not in men (r2 0·03, P=0·3301). The relationships between body fat and the various subcompartments of BCM and RMR require further elucidation.

Effects of fat mass and body fat distribution on resting metabolic rate in the elderly

Metabolism ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 972-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra M. L[uuml ]hrmann ◽  
Birgit M. Herbert ◽  
Monika Neuh[auml ]user-Berthold
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Body Fat Distribution

Metabolic rate after massive weight loss in human obesity

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Finer ◽  
Philip C. Swan ◽  
Fred T. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Massive Weight Loss ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Obese Subjects

1. Resting metabolic rate, measured by the ventilated hood technique in 11 obese subjects before weight loss was 6.5 ± 0.3 kJ/min, not significantly different from the value predicted by regression equations relating metabolic rate to body weight (established from measurements in 106 subjects). 2. After 34.5 kg mean weight loss, and during continued dieting, resting metabolic rate fell an average of 25% to 5.0 ± 0.18 kJ/min, significantly below that predicted for the new slimmed weight. 3. The fall in metabolic rate, over and above that expected from weight loss alone, suggests that the slimmed obese are hypometabolic compared with subjects of the same weight who have not lost weight. 4. The failure of the slimmed obese to maintain their weight loss is unlikely to be due solely to this excessive fall in resting metabolic rate, since they still had quantitatively higher energy expenditure than lean subjects.

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