Abstract MP039: Association Between Estimated 24-hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Blood Pressure in a Japanese Cohort: a Repeated Measure Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang Nguyen ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka ◽  
Taichiro Tanaka ◽  
Yasuyuki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Japanese Cohort ◽  
Population Strategy ◽  
Measure Analysis

Background: While measurement of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) from the collection of urine over a 24-hour period are associated with blood pressure, relationships with 24-hour urinary excretion estimates from more conveniently collected spot urine samples are less clear. Objectives: The purpose of this report is to examine the association of estimated 24-hour excretion of Na, K and their ratio from annually repeated spot urine samples with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures. Methods: Data include 4,958 normotensive Japanese aged 19 to 55 years who participated in annual physical examinations over a 5-year period in the High-Risk and Population Strategy for Occupational Health Promotion Study (1999-2004). At each examination, spot urine samples were collected in the morning and blood pressure was measured following standardized procedures. 24-hour urinary excretion of Na and K were estimated from spot urine specimens using the formula of Tanaka. Adjustments were made for potential confounding from demographic, lifestyle education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the association of the estimated 24-hour excretion of Na, K, and the sodium-to-potassium (Na:K) ratio with SBP and DBP over the 5-year period of study. Results: A one standard deviation (SD) increase in the estimated 24-hour excretion of Na (36.6 mmol/day) was associated with a 1.3 mm Hg higher SBP and a 0.8 mm Hg higher DBP (P<.001). The association between Na and SBP was greater in men (1.4 mm Hg per SD) than in women (0.9 mm Hg per SD, P=.003 for interaction) and increased with age (1.0 mm Hg per SD at <35 years of age, 1.2 mm Hg per SD at 35 to 45 years of age, and 1.8 mm Hg per SD at >45 years of age, P<.001 for interaction). Estimated 24-hour excretion of K was inversely associated with blood pressure where a one SD increase (8.9 mmol/day) was associated with a 1.1 mm Hg lower SBP and 0.7 mm Hg lower DBP (P<.001). Unlike the estimated 24-hour excretion of Na, interactions between K and age or sex were absent. Estimated 24-hour Na:K ratio were positively associated with SBP and DBP, with greater effects in men than in women and increasing positive associations with age (P<.01 for each interaction). Conclusions: Estimated 24-hour excretion of Na, K, and the Na:K ratio from spot urine samples have significant associations with blood pressure. Findings suggest that the less costly and more convenient collection of spot urine samples for estimating excretion of Na, K, and their ratio over a 24-hour period may be an efficient way of monitoring these electrolytes in large population-based samples.

Purine derivatives in spot urine samples and plasma of sheep: a possible index of microbial protein supply

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
Adriana T. Mejia ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Alternative Index ◽  
Protein Supply

In ruminants, daily urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) reflects the absorption of microbial purines and can be used as an index of microbial protein supply (Chen, Ørskov and Hovell, 1991). The application could be extended to farm conditions if measurements based on spot urine samples or plasma could serve as an alternative index. The objective of this study was to examine whether PD concentrations in spot urine or plasma samples vary diurnally during a given feeding regime and if they reflect differences in daily PD excretion induced by varying feed intake.

Blood Pressure and White Matter Hyperintensity Volume - A Review of the Relationship and Implications for Stroke Prediction and Prevention

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royya Modir ◽  
Hannah Gardener ◽  
Clinton B Wright ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

A heavy burden of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) is a risk factor for stroke and vascular cognitive impairment making it important to understand their pathophysiology, aetiology and clinical implications. Ageing studies suggest a linear relationship between blood pressure (BP) and both WMH and microstructural integrity in normal-appearing white matter and, after age, hypertension is the strongest risk factor for WMH. Numerous large population-based observational studies have reported significant associations between elevated BP and WMH burden, however, the relative importance of systolic versus diastolic BP remains controversial. Limitations of prior studies include the use of only a single measurement of BP and oversimplifying hypertension as a dichotomous variable. Race/ethnic differences in the association between BP and WMH have been suggested, but most studies only included older Caucasians. Antihypertensive treatment has been demonstrated to slow WMH progression, but lowering BP in the elderly may also reduce brain perfusion in those with poor autoregulation. Ongoing trials aim to clarify the effects of BP treatment on WMH progression in multi-ethnic populations and the implications of these findings for stroke prevention require further study.

Hypokalaemia Stimulates Prostacyclin Synthesis in the Rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Georg GÜLlner ◽  
Andrew K. Graf ◽  
John R. Gill ◽  
Murray D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Vessel Walls ◽  
Prostacyclin Synthesis

1. To examine the hypothesis that the normalcy of blood pressure, despite an increase in circulating angiotensin II, and the blood pressor hyporesponsiveness to infusion of pressor agents which are associated with hypokalaemia, are due to overproduction of prostacyclin, the principal prostaglandin (PG) synthesized by the vascular endothelium, we studied the effect of experimental hypokalaemia on the urinary excretion of immunoreactive 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, a stable metabolite of prostacyclin, in the rat. 2. The animals were fed on a potassium-deficient diet for 9 days. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected daily for measurement of urinary excretion of immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1α, PGE2 and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α (PGFM). 3. Hypokalaemia caused significant increases of the three prostaglandins measured. 4. We conclude that hypokalaemia is a potent stimulus of both renal and vascular prostaglandins. The results suggest that an increase in prostacyclin synthesis in peripheral blood vessel walls may be responsible for the resistance of blood pressure to infusion of pressor substances as well as for the normalcy of blood pressure, despite the presence of high circulating angiotensin II concentrations, in conditions associated with hypokalaemia.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental and genetic risk factors for salt sensitivity on blood pressure in northern China: the systemic epidemiology of salt sensitivity (EpiSS) cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e023042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Qi ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Chunyue Guo ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Han Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

PurposeThe systemic epidemiology of salt sensitivity (EpiSS) study aims to combine molecular biology, epidemiology and bioinformatics methods to discover the potential causes of salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) using single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genome and non-coding RNAs in the transcriptome to uncover both the genetic and environmental factors of SSBP.ParticipantsBetween July 2014 and July 2016, we enrolled adults from 11 study centres in Beijing and Liaoning Province; participants were of the Han population and were 35–70 years of age. We collected blood samples, spot urine samples and 24-hour urine samples, in addition to baseline data on demographics, health-related lifestyle factors, chronic diseases, family history of illness and anthropometric information through face-to-face interviews using a standardised questionnaire. EpiSS uses the modified Sullivan’s acute oral saline load and diuresis shrinkage test (MSAOSL-DST) to evaluate the effects of salt on blood pressure.Findings to dateIn total, 2163 participants were included in the EpiSS, of which 2144 participants completed the questionnaire, 2120 (98.0%) completed the MSAOSL-DST and 2083 (96.3%) provided a 24-hour urine sample. A total of 2057 participants (1501 women and 556 men) completed all the steps of the investigation and were included in the analysis. Among them, 583 (28.3%) subjects were classified as having salt sensitivity of blood pressure, and 1061 (51.6%) had hypertension.Future plansThe next step of our study is to evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the participants. Biennial follow-up, including face-to-face questionnaire surveys, laboratory measurements of blood, urinary creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and anthropometric measurements, will occur two additional times. DNA and RNA will be collected for subsequent genetic biomarker studies. We plan on screening the salt-sensitive-related gene loci and non-coding RNAs based on relative environmental risk factors.Trial registration numberChiCTR-EOC-16009980; Pre-results.

Association of blood pressure with estimates of 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion from repeated single-spot urine samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Minh Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno ◽  
Taichiro Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Single Spot ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

scholarly journals Development, validation and application of a machine learning model to estimate salt consumption in 54 countries

eLife ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmer Cristobal Guzman-Vilca ◽  
Manuel Castillo-Cara ◽  
Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Population Level ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Machine Learning Model

Global targets to reduce salt intake have been proposed but their monitoring is challenged by the lack of population-based data on salt consumption. We developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict salt consumption at the population level based on simple predictors and applied this model to national surveys in 54 countries. We used 21 surveys with spot urine samples for the ML model derivation and validation; we developed a supervised ML regression model based on: sex, age, weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We applied the ML model to 54 new surveys to quantify the mean salt consumption in the population. The pooled dataset in which we developed the ML model included 49,776 people. Overall, there were no substantial differences between the observed and ML-predicted mean salt intake (p<0.001). The pooled dataset where we applied the ML model included 166,677 people; the predicted mean salt consumption ranged from 6.8 g/day (95% CI: 6.8-6.8 g/day) in Eritrea to 10.0 g/day (95% CI: 9.9-10.0 g/day) in American Samoa. The countries with the highest predicted mean salt intake were in Western Pacific. The lowest predicted intake was found in Africa. The country-specific predicted mean salt intake was within reasonable difference from the best available evidence. A ML model based on readily available predictors estimated daily salt consumption with good accuracy. This model could be used to predict mean salt consumption in the general population where urine samples are not available.

Blood Pressure and White Matter Hyperintensity Volume - A Review of the Relationship and Implications for Stroke Prediction and Prevention

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Royya Modir ◽  
Hannah Gardener ◽  
Clinton B Wright ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

A heavy burden of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) is a risk factor for stroke and vascular cognitive impairment making it important to understand their pathophysiology, aetiology and clinical implications. Ageing studies suggest a linear relationship between blood pressure (BP) and both WMH and microstructural integrity in normal-appearing white matter and, after age, hypertension is the strongest risk factor for WMH. Numerous large population-based observational studies have reported significant associations between elevated BP and WMH burden, however, the relative importance of systolic versus diastolic BP remains controversial. Limitations of prior studies include the use of only a single measurement of BP and oversimplifying hypertension as a dichotomous variable. Race/ethnic differences in the association between BP and WMH have been suggested, but most studies only included older Caucasians. Antihypertensive treatment has been demonstrated to slow WMH progression, but lowering BP in the elderly may also reduce brain perfusion in those with poor autoregulation. Ongoing trials aim to clarify the effects of BP treatment on WMH progression in multi-ethnic populations and the implications of these findings for stroke prevention require further study.

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