Multi-Population Enhanced Slime Mould Algorithm and with Application to Postgraduate Employment Stability Prediction

In this study, the authors aimed to study an effective intelligent method for employment stability prediction in order to provide a reasonable reference for postgraduate employment decision and for policy formulation in related departments. First, this paper introduces an enhanced slime mould algorithm (MSMA) with a multi-population strategy. Moreover, this paper proposes a prediction model based on the modified algorithm and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm called MSMA-SVM. Among them, the multi-population strategy balances the exploitation and exploration ability of the algorithm and improves the solution accuracy of the algorithm. Additionally, the proposed model enhances the ability to optimize the support vector machine for parameter tuning and for identifying compact feature subsets to obtain more appropriate parameters and feature subsets. Then, the proposed modified slime mould algorithm is compared against various other famous algorithms in experiments on the 30 IEEE CEC2017 benchmark functions. The experimental results indicate that the established modified slime mould algorithm has an observably better performance compared to the algorithms on most functions. Meanwhile, a comparison between the optimal support vector machine model and other several machine learning methods on their ability to predict employment stability was conducted, and the results showed that the suggested the optimal support vector machine model has better classification ability and more stable performance. Therefore, it is possible to infer that the optimal support vector machine model is likely to be an effective tool that can be used to predict employment stability.

The impact of clinical and population strategies on coronary heart disease mortality: an assessment of Rose’s big idea

Background Coronary heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of death worldwide, has declined in many affluent countries but it continues to rise in industrializing countries. Objective To quantify the relative contribution of the clinical and population strategies to the decline in CHD mortality in affluent countries. Design Meta-analysis of cross-sectional and prospective studies. Data sources PubMed and Web of Science from January 1, 1970 to December 31, 2019. Method We combined and analyzed data from 22 cross-sectional and prospective studies, representing 500 million people, to quantify the relative decline in CHD mortality attributable to the clinical strategy and population strategy. Result The population strategy accounted for 48% (range = 19 to 73%) of the decline in CHD deaths and the clinical strategy accounted for 42% (range = 25 to 56%), with moderate inconsistency of results across studies. Conclusion Since 1970, a larger fraction of the decline in CHD deaths in industrialized countries was attributable to reduction in CHD risk factors than medical care. Population strategies, which are more cost-effective than clinical strategies, are under-utilized.

Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Strategies: The Possible Side Effects of Their Good Intentions

The public health policies are principally implemented using two main strategies, namely, the population strategy and the high-risk strategy. The purpose of this article is to discuss possible side effects of the good intentions of these two main strategies. The discussions herein are made based on our perspectives and literature study methodology. Main findings portray that the disease prevention and health strategies are applied on a skewed basis, and more so, they are mainly based on medical culture and take little account of human culture. This implies that in order for individuals to comply with the health authorities’ demands, they must give up their own lifestyle coping-strategies that are contradictive to the demands. Hence, the possible side effects of the disease prevention and health promotion strategies’ good intentions; as the strategies have no explicit mandate to change the cultural norms and values. Therefore, we argue that adaptations to make the strategies more inclusive may promote public healthcare in the sense that it can work for everyone’s lifestyle, as individuals can easily take healthy actions in the normal course of their lives.

THE PLACE OF QUERCUS ROBUR L. IN THE DYNAMICAL PROCESSES IN THE OAK FORESTS OF FOREST-STEPPE ZONE

A new view of the position of oak in the successional processes of oak forests of the forest-steppe is presented, based on the population strategy of this species and the peculiarities of the conditions for the development of pregenerative stages. The preferable conditions for natural regeneration of oak in forest communities and their relationship with the dynamics of deciduous communities of the forest-steppe are analyzed.

The phenomenon of the shrinking size of bank vole (Myodes glareolus) in an anthropogenic environment (experience of 50 years of observations)

Fifty years of continuous monitoring of the bank vole population (Myodes glareolus Schreber, 1780) revealed the phenomenon of shrinking body size of individuals, manifesting in significant reduction in their regular size and mass parameters. Field observations were carried out in the Kaniv Nature Reserve (Cherkasy region, Ukraine) during the first half of summer every year. In the forest biotopes of the reserve, this species is dominant in the group of rodents. The research period covered various stages of the existence of the protected ecosystem. Its small area, location ina densely populated region of Ukraine and interaction with neighboring territories which are involved in economic activities have always caused anthropogenic pressure on the protected area. Its nature and intensity determined the changes in the protection regime and the loss of reserve status in 1951–1968. Later, the territory of the reserve experienced increasing technogenic pressure accompanied by radioactive contamination. In this work, to compare their characteristics, four complete cycles of the density dynamics of the bank vole population (from depression to depression) were selected, the duration of which was 4–5 years. The first three cycles correspond to qualitatively different periods in the existence of the ecosystem and the population of the studied species, and the last one corresponds to the relatively current situation. Over the recent 30 years, the size and mass parameters of individuals of bank voles have deсreased, - this phenomenon was called shrinking. The process was also observed to tend towards consistent increase in scale. Differentiated analysis shows that in different sex and functional groups of animals, the decrease in exterior parameters can reach 30.3%. Shrinking is especially notable in the group of adult females that are actively involved in reproduction (compared to the second cycle, considered as the control, the decrease in parameters among these is 33.2%). Juveniles of this sex lost 31.8% of their fatness. Besides, in the population of voles, the proportion of large-size individuals was significantly reduced. The group of animals that overwintered significantly reduced its representation, and its existing representatives had much smaller exterior parameters. The studies found that the shrinking process is stable over time, which does not allow it to be considered a random phenomenon or an artifact of research. This phenomenon has no correlation with the amount or availability of food. It occurs against the background of numerous changes in various aspects of population dynamics, which gives grounds to associate it with anthropogenic changes in the environment. Shrinking is believed to be realized through various mechanisms. Firstly, as a result of mortality, the largest individuals and reproducing females with the greatest energy needs disappear from the population, and secondly, the growth and weight gain of young animals is slower. As a result, decrease in the size and mass parameters of individuals reduces their specific energy needs and allows the population to bring their requirements in correspondance with the capability of the environment to support a certain number of resource consumers. An analogy was drawn with the Dehnel’s phenomenon, described for shrews of the Sorex genus, whose body size and weight decrease is an element of preparation for experiencing adverse winter conditions. Based on similar concepts, the shrinking of its elements can be considered as a specific population strategy to maintain the ecological balance.

How do we can control SARS-CoV-2/ Covid -19 pandemic through various clinical and public health approaches? What are the agent (Covid-19 virus), host & environmental factors responsible for continuation & recurrence of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid -19 pandemic?

Background – The SARS-CoV-2/ Covid -19 pandemic is still going on and globally healthcare system is overstressed with this new burden added with previous NCD & CD in existence. The First human case of this global pandemic was reported from Wuhan city of China in December 2019. There are two main approaches to control this pandemic. The clinical approach based on individuals & standard treatment guidelines-protocols and public health approach based on population strategy to control this pandemic. Objective – The main objective of this study is to illustrate the key features of Covid -19 virus & other factors responsible for continuation and recurrence of this pandemic. The next objective is to illustrate various strategies and approaches to prevent epidemic through assessment of important parameters and indicators (see figure 1) to control the ongoing disaster and hazards of pandemic. Setting and design – Different aspects of Covid -19 structural variations and its effect is analysed. Text and figure details about epidemiological triad and various steps to be monitored and modified are outlined. The clinical and public health approaches is explained in stepwise manner in figure1. Methodology – The methods to control the pandemic under clinical and public health approach is discussed here. The methods to control perpetuation of Covid -19 can be achieved by the controlling and modifying way of infections spread and other determinant. Both clinical and public health approach methods are outlined with their importance in this article in brief. Result- Several factors are responsible for the continuation of the pandemic. The CCP (Covid -19control plan) with public health and clinical approaches can be utilized to prevent further spread in different settings.Conclusion – In the epidemiological triad we have agent/host/environment; the public health approach will deal with these three parameters. The clinical approach targets sick individuals (host) infected with SARS-Cov-2/Covid-19.The control of pandemic can be achieved only through a definite universal control plan incorporating both clinical and public health approach. See figure 1.Keywords – SARS-Cov-2, Covid-19, Pandemic, Epidemiology, Strain, CCP

How do we can control SARS-CoV-2/ Covid -19 pandemic through various clinical and public health approaches? What are the agent (Covid-19 virus), host & environmental factors responsible for continuation & recurrence of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid -19 pandemic?

Background – The SARS-CoV-2/ Covid -19 pandemic is still going on and globally healthcare system is overstressed with this new burden added with previous NCD & CD in existence. The First human case of this global pandemic was reported from Wuhan city of China in December 2019. There are two main approaches to control this pandemic. The clinical approach based on individuals & standard treatment guidelines-protocols and public health approach based on population strategy to control this pandemic. Objective – The main objective of this study is to illustrate the key features of Covid -19 virus & other factors responsible for continuation and recurrence of this pandemic. The next objective is to illustrate various strategies and approaches to prevent epidemic through assessment of important parameters and indicators to control the ongoing disaster and hazards of pandemic. Setting and design – Different aspects of Covid -19 structural variations and its effect is analysed. Text and figure details about epidemiological triad and various steps to be monitored and modified are outlined. The clinical and public health approaches is explained in stepwise manner in figure 1. Methodology – The methods to control the pandemic under clinical and public health approach is discussed here. The methods to control perpetuation of Covid -19 can be achieved by the controlling and modifying way of infections spread and other determinant. Both clinical and public health approach methods are outlined with their importance in this article in brief. Result- Several factors are responsible for the continuation of the pandemic. The CCP (Covid -19control plan) for two approaches can be utilized to prevent further spread in different settings.Conclusion – In the epidemiological triad we have agent/host/environment; the public health approach will deal with these three parameters. The clinical approach targets sick individuals infected with SARS-Cov-2/Covid-19.The control of pandemic can be achieved only through a definite universal control plan incorporating both clinical and public health approach. See figure 1.Keywords – SARS-Cov-2, Covid-19, Pandemic, Epidemiology, Strain, CCP

Population strategy for promoting physical activity

Physical inactivity is a globally prevalent phenomenon even though the health benefits of physical activity are well-known. The development of population strategies that effectively promote physical activity is necessary to reduce the individual and social burden of physical inactivity. Quality evidence informing strategies to promote physical activity at scale, however, is limited. Among cluster randomized trials examining the effectiveness of multistrategic, community-wide interventions aimed at promoting physical activity, only 1 trial (the COMMUNICATE study) successfully achieved a population-level increase in physical activity. This trial adopted social marketing techniques and network intervention (eg, word of mouth) in close collaboration with the target population (community residents). Although most previous studies ended their interventions within 1 to 3 years, the COMMUNICATE study took 5 years to achieve a population-level increase in physical activity. These findings suggest the need for a more focused approach (1 behavior at a time) as a basic marketing principle. Promoting physical activity at scale is a tough challenge but not impossible. Sophisticated approaches are necessary.