Abstract P253: Adiposity Indicators and Blood Pressure in South Asian Children and Adolescents

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke Fowokan ◽  
Zubin Punthakee ◽  
Scott Lear
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Diastolic Hypertension ◽  
Asian Children

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing globally. This has severe implications for cardiometabolic risk including hypertension. South Asian children are particularly vulnerable given their unique phenotype which results in higher body fat at similar body mass index (BMI) levels compared to Europeans. As a result, we sought to explore the association between adiposity indicators and blood pressure, and to compare the strength of these indicators in determining hypertension in South Asian children and adolescents. Methods: Children ages 7-8 and 14-15 with South Asian origin were recruited from two Canadian cities. They were then assessed for height, weight and waist circumference (WC). Waist to height ratio (WHtR), and BMI were calculated. Body fat percentage was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed three times using an automated device. All variables (except body fat percentage) were transformed to z-scores using published standards. Unadjusted and adjusted (age, sex, household income, exposure to bullying or violence) logistic regression was used to explore associations between adiposity and hypertension. Subsequently, area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used to explore the strength of the adiposity metrics in determining hypertension. Results: This study consisted of 306 boys and 402 girls (n=762) with mean age 9.5 (S.D 3.2) years. Significant association were detected in unadjusted models between the adiposity indicators with systolic and diastolic hypertension (p<0.0001 for all). In the fully adjusted model, the association between adiposity with systolic and diastolic hypertension remained after adjusting for covariates (p<0.01 for all). BMI was the strongest predictor of systolic hypertension (AUC= 0.791), while body fat percentage was the strongest for diastolic hypertension (AUC= 0.712). The other indicators were within close ranges in their ability to predict both systolic and diastolic hypertension. Conclusion: Significant associations were observed between adiposity indicators and hypertension. Moreover, the adiposity indicators were observed to be strong predictors of hypertension in AUC analysis. This highlights the relationship between adiposity and hypertension, and suggests that BMI, WC, WHtR and body fat percentage are good indicators of hypertension in South Asian children.

scholarly journals Adiposity measures and their validity in estimating risk of hypertension in South Asian children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke O Fowokan ◽  
Zubin Punthakee ◽  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Miriam Rosin ◽  
Katherine M Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectiveGiven the South Asian phenotype of higher body fat at similar body mass index (BMI) relative to Caucasians, we sought to explore the association between prominent adiposity indicators with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, to compare the accuracy of these indicators in estimating hypertension, and to provide cut-off values associated with adverse hypertension risk in South Asian children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity-based recruitment in two Canadian cities (Hamilton and Surrey).ParticipantsSouth Asian children (n=762) were recruited from two Canadian cities. Waist circumference, waist to height ratio and BMI were determined. Body fat percentage was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and BP was assessed using an automated device. All variables (except body fat percentage) were transformed to z-scores using published standards.Outcome measuresLinear and Poisson regression was used to explore associations between the adiposity indicators with BP z-score and hypertension. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to explore the strength of the adiposity indicators in estimating hypertension risk and sex-stratified optimal adiposity cut-off values associated with hypertension risk.ResultsSignificant associations were detected in adjusted and unadjusted models between the adiposity indicators with BP z-score and hypertension (p<0.01 for all). The area under the curve (AUC) values for the adiposity indicators for boys and girls ranged from 0.74 to 0.80, suggesting that the adiposity indicators are fair measures of estimating hypertension risk. Sex-stratified cut-off associated with adverse risk of hypertension for girls and boys, respectively, were at the 92nd and 82nd percentile for BMI z-scores, 65th and 80th percentile for WC z-score, 63rd and 67th percentile for WHtR z-score and at 29.8% and 23.5% for body fat.ConclusionOur results show associations between adiposity indicators with BP and hypertension and suggests that South Asian children might be at adverse risk of hypertension at levels of adiposity considered normal.

scholarly journals Obesity and Metabolic Care of Children of South Asian Ethnicity in Western Society

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Ramya Sivasubramanian ◽  
Sonali Malhotra ◽  
Angela K. Fitch ◽  
Vibha Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Asian Children

South Asians constitute one-fourth of the world’s population and are distributed significantly in western countries. With exponentially growing numbers, childhood obesity is of global concern. Children of South Asian ancestry have a higher likelihood of developing obesity and associated metabolic risks. The validity of commonly used measures for quantifying adiposity and its impact on metabolic outcomes differ by race and ethnicity. In this review we aim to discuss the validity of body mass index (BMI) and other tools in screening for adiposity in South Asian children. We also discuss the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst South Asian children in western countries and the differences in body fat percentage, adiposity distribution, and metabolic risks specific to these children compared to Caucasian children. South Asian children have a characteristic phenotype: lower lean mass and higher body fat percentage favoring central fat accumulation. Hence, BMI is a less reliable predictor of metabolic status in these children than it is for Caucasian children. Furthermore, the relatively lower birth weight and rapid growth acceleration in early childhood of South Asian children increase the risk of their developing cardiometabolic disorders at a younger age than that of Caucasians. We emphasize the need to use modified tools for assessment of adiposity, which take into consideration the ethnic differences and provide early and appropriate intervention to prevent obesity and its complications.

scholarly journals Body Composition of Children in the Pre-pubertal and Early-pubertal Period: Are There Some Age-related and Intersexual Differences?

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Pavol Čech ◽  
Pavel Ružbarský ◽  
Ľubomír Paučír ◽  
Dalibor Dzugas
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Wallis Anova ◽  
Vega 1

The aim of the presented study was to assess changes in body composition and intersexual differences among children at pre-pubertal and early-pubertal age. The research was designed as a non-randomized cross-section study. The screened sample consisted of 136 girls and 212 boys assigned into three groups according to their age. Body composition was measured using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSM-BIA). To examine the association between obesity and selected health-related parameters, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Eta2 were used. For evaluation of intersexual differences, Mann-Whitney U-test was used. The presented article is the part of VEGA 1/0840/17 project. From the perspective of age, neither in the group of girls nor boys we recorded any differences in indicators of body composition, namely in body fat mass index, body fat percentage and, in addition, in the group of girls in the waist to hip ratio parameter.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Persentase Lemak Tubuh Sebelum dan Setelah Melakukan Senam Zumba pada Wanita Dewasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta A. Tendean ◽  
Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan ◽  
Ivonny M. Sapulete
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Abstract: Physical activity is a body movement produced by skeletal muscles which requires energy. Lack of physical activity has a negative impact, one of which is an increase in body fat percentage above the normal threshold or often associated with obesity. Zumba is one of the popular aerobic exercises in the form of dancing. This study was aimed to compare the percentage of body fat before and after undertaking Zumba exercise in adult woman. This was an experimental field study with the one group pretest-posttest design. Samples were obtained by using total sampling technique. Zumba exercise was undertaken for 4 weeks, 3 times a week for 60 minutes. The percentage of body fat was measured by using an instrument based on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The results showed that l6 subjects were involved in this study. The mean percentage of body fat percentage before Zumba exercise was 39.300% (SD±8.1041) meanwhile the mean percentage of body fat percentage after Zumba exercise was 39.031% (SD±7.9232). The statistical analysis to compare the body fat percentage before and after doing Zumba exercise obtained a P value of 0.065. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in body fat percentage before and after undertaking 4-week Zumba exercise among adult females.Keywords: body fat percentage, Zumba exercise Abstrak: Aktivitas fisik merupakan gerakan tubuh yang dihasilkan otot rangka yang memer-lukan energi. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik seperti olahraga memiliki dampak negatif, salah satunya peningkatan persentase lemak tubuh di atas ambang normal atau obesitas. Olahraga yang sedang popular belakangan ini ialah senam Zumba, yaitu latihan aerobik dalam bentuk tarian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan persentase lemak tubuh sebelum dan setelah melakukan senam zumba pada wanita dewasa. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental lapangan dengan desain one group pretest-posttest. Teknik sampling yang digunakan ialah total sampling. Senam Zumba dilakukan selama 4 minggu dengan frekuensi 3 kali seminggu yang berdurasi 60 menit. Persentase lemak tubuh diukur menggunakan alat berbasis bioelectrical impedance analysis. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 16 subjek. Rerata persentase lemak tubuh sebelum senam Zumba yaitu 39,300% (SD±8,1041). Rerata persentase lemak tubuh setelah senam Zumba yaitu 39,031% (SD±7,9232). Hasil uji perbandingan persentase lemak tubuh sebelum dan setelah melakukan senam zumba menunjukkan nilai P=0,065. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari persentase lemak tubuh sebelum dan setelah melakukan senam zumba selama 4 minggu pada wanita dewasa.Kata kunci: persentase lemak tubuh, senam Zumba

scholarly journals Accelerometer-determined peak cadence and weight status in children from São Caetano do Sul, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 3689-3698
Author(s):  
Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari ◽  
Timóteo Araújo ◽  
Luis Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Victor Keihan Rodrigues Matsudo ◽  
Emily Mire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brazilian Children

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peak cadence indicators and body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%)-defined weight status in children. The sample comprised 485 Brazilian children. Minute-by-minute step data from accelerometry were rank ordered for each day to identify the peak 1-minute, 30-minute and 60-minute cadence values. Data were described by BMI–defined and bioelectrical impedance-determined BF% weight status. BMI-defined normal weight children had higher peak 1-minute (115.5 versus 110.6 and 106.6 steps/min), 30-minute (81.0 versus 77.5 and 74.0 steps/min) and 60-minute cadence (67.1 versus 63.4 and 60.7 steps/min) than overweight and obese children (p<.0001), respectively. Defined using %BF, normal weight children had higher peak 1-minute (114.5 versus 106.1 steps/min), 30-minute (80.4 versus 73.1 steps/min) and 60-minute cadence (66.5 versus 59.9 steps/min) than obese children (p<.0001). Similar relationships were observed in boys; however, only peak 1- minute cadence differed significantly across BMI and %BF-defined weight status categories in girls. Peak cadence indicators were negatively associated with BMI and BF% in these schoolchildren and significantly higher among normal weight compared to overweight or obese children.

scholarly journals Gender difference in cardiovagal baroreflex gain in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2088-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy D. Beske ◽  
Guy E. Alvarez ◽  
Tasha P. Ballard ◽  
Kevin P. Davy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Operating Point ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure

We tested the hypothesis that women would demonstrate lower cardiovagal baroreflex gain compared with men. If so, we further hypothesized that the lower cardiovagal baroreflex gain in women would be associated with their lower aerobic fitness and higher body fat percentage compared with men. To accomplish this, we measured cardiovagal baroreflex gain (modified Oxford technique) in sedentary, nonobese (body mass index < 25 kg/m2) men (age = 26.0 ± 2.1 yr, n = 11) and women (age = 26.9 ± 1.6 yr, n = 14). Resting R-R interval and diastolic blood pressure were similar in the two groups, but systolic blood pressure was lower ( P < 0.05) in the women. Cardiovagal baroreflex gain was significantly lower in the women compared with the men (13.3 ± 1.5 vs. 20.0 ± 2.8 ms/mmHg, P< 0.05). The lower cardiovagal baroreflex gain in the women was not related ( P > 0.05) to their lower aerobic fitness and was only marginally related to their higher body fat percentage ( r = −0.34, P < 0.05). There were no gender differences in the threshold and saturation, operating range, or operating point (all P > 0.05), although the operating point fell significantly to left (i.e., at a lower systolic blood pressure) compared with men. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that the gain of the cardiovagal baroreflex is reduced whereas other parameters were similar in women compared with men. The mechanisms responsible for the reduced cardiovagal baroreflex gain remain unclear.

scholarly journals Prevalence of drop-out from organised extracurricular sports and associations with body fat percentage during childhood and adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000751
Author(s):  
Stewart A Vella ◽  
Matthew J Schweickle ◽  
Jordan T Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Potential Health

ObjectivesThis paper aimed to report the prevalence of drop-out from organised sports between the ages of 10 and 14 years, and to examine potential associated detriments to levels of body fat.MethodsAll data were drawn from waves 4–6 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants’ sport participation was parent reported and body fat percentage was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A total of 4159 participants had sports participation data at age 10 years (M=10.32 years, SD=4.68).ResultsFrom 3013 sport participants at age 10 years, 29.7% (n=894) had dropped out of sports at age 12 years. Of 2016 sport participants at age 12 years, 33.3% (n=705) had dropped out of sports by the age of 14 years. There were no differences in body fat percentage at any age according to differences in sport participation behaviours.ConclusionsBased on a high prevalence, drop-out from organised extracurricular sports during childhood and adolescence may be an important public health behaviour to consider. A solution-oriented approach to dropout from organised sports is recommended, but more evidence as to potential health detriments is needed using high-quality research designs.

Does body fat percentage predict post-exercise heart rate response in non-obese children and adolescents?

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Jezdimirovic ◽  
Valdemar Stajer ◽  
Sasa Semeredi ◽  
Julio Calleja-Gonzalez ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Post Exercise

AbstractBackground:A correlation between adiposity and post-exercise autonomic regulation has been established in overweight and obese children. However, little information exists about this link in non-obese youth. The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the relationship between body fat percentage (BFP) and heart rate recovery after exercise [post-exercise heart rate (PEHR)], a marker of autonomic regulation, in normal-weight children and adolescents.Methods:We evaluated the body composition of 183 children and adolescents (age 15.0±2.3 years; 132 boys and 51 girls) who performed a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill, with the heart rate monitored during and immediately after exercise.Results:A strong positive trend was observed in the association between BFP and PEHR (r=0.14; p=0.06). Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that our model explained 18.3% of the variance in PEHR (p=0.00), yet BFP accounted for only 0.9% of the variability in PEHR (p=0.16). The evaluation of the contribution of each independent variable revealed that only two variables made a unique statistically significant contribution to our model (p<0.01), with age contributing 38.7% to our model (p=0.00) while gender accounted for an additional 25.5% (p=0.01). Neither BFP (14.4%; p=0.16) nor cardiorespiratory endurance (5.0%, p=0.60) made a significant unique contribution to the model.Conclusions:Body fatness seems to poorly predict PEHR in our sample of non-obese children and adolescents, while non-modifiable variables (age and gender) were demonstrated as strong predictors of heart rate recovery. The low amount of body fat reported in non-obese young participants was perhaps too small to cause disturbances in autonomic nervous system regulation.

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