Abstract P448: Neighborhood Built Environment is Associated With Odds of Chronic Disease Death Among Participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study

Relationships of the built environment (BE) with physical activity (PA) and health outcomes have been reported, though data is limited in rural settings. This study was conducted to assess relationships between BE around the residence and death from chronic disease in rural residents. We hypothesized that BE more conducive to PA would be associated with lower odds of chronic disease death. Participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study, a long-running cohort study in rural Louisiana, with a valid address of residence and either deceased of a chronic disease (cases) or observed (controls) since 1998 were included (N=2,052). Cases were identified in the National Death Index (N=111). BE features on the street segment of residence were assessed with the Rural Active Living Assessment tool and Google Street View. Scores for walkability, overall and in domains (including path features, aesthetics, land use), were calculated for street segments and in buffers of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 miles. Associations of BE scores with chronic disease death were assessed with generalized estimating equations logistic regression models that accommodated clustering in street segments and census tracts, and were adjusted for age, sex, race, census tract population density and percent living in poverty. Cases were of similar age (45 at death vs 44 at last visit), more likely to be male (59 vs 43%) and less likely to be white (52 vs 66%) than controls. Significant associations were observed between scores for path features, aesthetics and land use and odds of chronic disease death in buffers of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 miles. In 0.25 mile buffers, 1-point higher scores for path features, aesthetics and land use were associated with 1.12 (95% CI 1.02, 1.23), 0.66 (95% CI 0.53, 0.82) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.32,0.76) times the odds of chronic disease death, respectively. Significant associations highlight the importance of land use development conducive to PA (i.e. higher density and better condition residential settlement) and improved community aesthetics (i.e. greenspace presence and maintenance) to improved health in rural populations. More research is needed to identify a mechanism for the unexpected association between path features (i.e. presence of a path) and increased odds of chronic disease death. Rural BE improvements face barriers (lower population density), and these reported associations may guide feasible approaches to improved rural health.

Download Full-text

Eye-Level Street Greenery and Walking Behaviors of Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17176130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 6130

Author(s):

Peng Zang ◽

Xuhong Liu ◽

Yabo Zhao ◽

Hongxu Guo ◽

Yi Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Land Use ◽

Population Density ◽

Built Environment ◽

Street Connectivity ◽

Design Consideration ◽

Methodological Limitation ◽

Urban Greenery ◽

The Relationship ◽

Walking Time

Evidence suggests that built environment characteristics affect older adults’ travel activity behaviors, e.g., walking and cycling, which have well-established health benefits. However, the relationship between urban greenery and walking behaviors remains unclear, partly due to methodological limitation. Previous studies often measured urban greenery from a bird’s eye perspective, which may mismatch with the pedestrian’s perception from the street. In this study, we measured greenery view index from eye-level streetscape photos retrieved from Baidu Street View, an online mapping service provider. Walking behaviors of 180 older adults in six neighborhoods were collected from questionnaires. We also measured land use diversity, pedestrian-oriented design (street connectivity), and population density—the three Ds of the built environment. Results show that street greenery view index contributes to walking time of older adults, suggesting street greenery should be taken into design consideration to promote walking behaviors of older adults.

Download Full-text

Urban Shrinkage and Sustainability: Assessing the Nexus between Population Density, Urban Structures and Urban Sustainability

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11154142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 4142 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ondřej Slach ◽

Vojtěch Bosák ◽

Luděk Krtička ◽

Alexandr Nováček ◽

Petr Rumpel

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Population Density ◽

High Rate ◽

Urban Structure ◽

Land Uses ◽

Urban Structures ◽

Urban Level ◽

Land Use Development ◽

Planning Culture ◽

The City

Urban shrinkage has become a common pathway (not only) in post-socialist cities, which represents new challenges for traditionally growth-oriented spatial planning. Though in the post-socialist area, the situation is even worse due to prevailing weak planning culture and resulting uncoordinated development. The case of the city of Ostrava illustrates how the problem of (in)efficient infrastructure operation, and maintenance, in already fragmented urban structure is exacerbated by the growing size of urban area (through low-intensity land-use) in combination with declining size of population (due to high rate of outmigration). Shrinkage, however, is, on the intra-urban level, spatially differentiated. Population, paradoxically, most intensively declines in the least financially demanding land-uses and grows in the most expensive land-uses for public administration. As population and urban structure development prove to have strong inertia, this land-use development constitutes a great challenge for a city’s future sustainability. The main objective of the paper is to explore the nexus between change in population density patterns in relation to urban shrinkage, and sustainability of public finance.

Download Full-text

Mass Rapid Transit Ridership Forecast Based on Direct Ridership Models: A Case Study in Wuhan, China

Journal of Advanced Transportation ◽

10.1155/2020/7538508 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Ruili Guo ◽

Zhengdong Huang

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Built Environment ◽

Principal Component ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Related Factors ◽

Land Use Development ◽

Mass Rapid Transit

Many large cities rely on Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) to increase passenger mobility. For efficiency, MRT stations should be arranged to attract maximal number of travelers. It is therefore important to develop methods for estimating MRT ridership forecasting models, which are important for policies on land use development or new MRT lines. Direct ridership models (DRMs) at the station level are superior in estimating the benefits of transit-oriented development policies. In this paper, a principal component regression (PCR) is proposed to overcome the issue of multicollinearity that widely occurs in multivariate regression analyses for DRM modeling, especially the ordinary least squares regression. Based on the analysis of 72 MRT stations in Wuhan, China, four principal components are obtained to explain the potential linkage to MRT ridership, which include built-environment related factors, jobs-housing spatial structure related factors, station attributes, and the large compound. Nineteen significant determinants have been identified, among which the four factors of office building area, land use mix, the number of restaurants, and financial institutions are the most influential factors. Built-environment-related factors exert more significant impact on MRT ridership than others. The distance to city center and the number of bus lines around stations have negative association with MRT demand. The proposed PCR-based DRM provides insights for forecasting transit demand brought about by new metro lines and forecasting the consequences of land use development.

Download Full-text

The impact of urban regrowth on the built environment

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/0042098016658231 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (12) ◽

pp. 2683-2700 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Manuel Wolff ◽

Annegret Haase ◽

Dagmar Haase ◽

Nadja Kabisch

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Population Density ◽

Built Environment ◽

Urban Space ◽

Small Scale ◽

Spatial Effects ◽

Similar Density ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

After several decades, an increasing number of European cities have been experiencing population growth after a longer phase of decline. This new growth represents not just a quantitative phenomenon but also has qualitative implications for the urban space and the built environment. A juxtaposition of re- and de-densification, as well as changes in land use, in the form of a small-scale spatial mosaic, can be observed. A crucial factor for estimating the relationship between the built environment and demand for it is population density. Increasing population densities may put pressure on sustaining a certain quality of life and on ecological recovery spaces. In this vein, an indicator concept for re- and de-densification will be applied to the city of Leipzig, one of the most illustrative examples of a regrowing city, in order to shed light on the complex relationship between changing human housing demands and their impact on land use. The concept involves measuring population density. Our study has demonstrated that, although similar density changes can be observed in different periods in different parts of the city, they are dominated by different drivers, leading to the formation of different spatial patterns. The results of our study emphasise that regrowth should be understood as a distinctive process because it is distributed very heterogeneously within the city area, with a variety of spatial effects and impacts. The concept allows us to draw conclusions about processes that mitigate, drive or reinforce regrowth, and therefore contributes to a better understanding of this phenomenon and its implications for land use.

Download Full-text

Analysing the Effects of Land Use on the Choice of Intra-Zonal Trip Destinations – A Comparison Between Weekday and Weekend Travel

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v32i4.3399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 527-542

Author(s):

Tae-Hyoung Tommy Gim

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Population Density ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Destination Choice ◽

Transit System ◽

Metro Station ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Bus Stop ◽

System Variables ◽

Effects Of Land Use

Among the studies on the land use – travel relationship, few investigated it regarding weekend travel and destination choice. This study accordingly evaluates how the land use - destination choice relationship differs between weekdays and weekends using two multinomial logistic regression models in which the destination is classified into three types: microzone inside, microzone outside - macrozone inside, and macrozone outside. Major findings are that the choice of automobile alternatives for travel and their ownership are associated with the choice of the microzone inside while employment and income contribute to external trips. Among land use variables, nighttime population density turns out to be the only land use variable that consistently increases internal trips in all cases, regardless of the zone size and weekday - weekend difference, whereas daytime population density does not become significant in any case. Also, land use entropy and street connectivity are found to discourage a trip that moves from the microzone to the macrozone and transit system variables to facilitate a trip that goes beyond the microzone. Particularly, between two types of transit system variables, the choice of the microzone is likely to be associated with low bus stop density on weekdays and low metro station density on weekends.

Download Full-text

Cross-sectional associations between the neighborhood built environment and physical activity in a rural setting: the Bogalusa Heart Study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09509-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeanette Gustat ◽

Christopher E. Anderson ◽

Queendaleen C. Chukwurah ◽

Maeve E. Wallace ◽

Stephanie T. Broyles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Built Environment ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Street Segment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bogalusa Heart Study ◽

Point Increase ◽

Heart Study ◽

Rural Settings

Abstract Background Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a common health risk and more prevalent in rural populations. Few studies have assessed relationships between the built environment and PA in rural settings, and community policy guidance to promote PA through built environment interventions is primarily based on evidence from urban studies. Methods Participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study, a longitudinal study in rural Louisiana, with International Physical Activity Questionnaire data from 2012 to 2013 and a valid residential address (N = 1245) were included. PA was summarized as the number of weekly metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes of total, transportation, and leisure time PA. The Rural Active Living Assessment street segment audit tool and Google Street View were used to assess features of the built environment overall and in six categories (path features, pedestrian safety features, aesthetics, physical security, destinations and land use) that influence PA. Scores for street segment built environment (overall and in categories) were calculated, for segments and buffers of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 miles. Associations between built environment scores and PA were assessed with generalized estimating equations. Results Participants reported little weekly total, leisure time, and transportation PA (mean 470, 230 and 43 MET-minutes per week, respectively). A 1-point increase in the overall built environment score was associated with 10.30 additional weekly leisure time MET-minutes within a 1.50 mile buffer (p-value 0.05), with a similar magnitude observed for a 1.00-mile buffer. A 1-point increase in the aesthetic score was associated with significantly higher leisure time PA for all geographic units (from 22.21 to 38.75 MET-minutes weekly) when adjusted for individual covariates, but was attenuated and only significant for the segment of the residence after accounting for other neighborhood characteristics. Conclusions Significant associations between features of the environment (overall and aesthetic scores) with leisure time PA were observed among adults in this rural population. Built environment interventions in rural settings face additional barriers of lower population density and greater distances for infrastructure projects, and it is important to identify approaches that are both feasible for rural communities and can promote PA.

Download Full-text

Life-Course Glucose Trajectory and Cognitive Function in Middle Age—Evidence from the Bogalusa Heart Study

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-1474-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1474-P

Author(s):

PATRICK STUCHLIK ◽

OWEN CARMICHAEL ◽

EMILY HARVILLE ◽

HUA HE ◽

MARYELLEN ROMERO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Life Course ◽

Middle Age ◽

Bogalusa Heart Study ◽

Heart Study

Download Full-text

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING DOCUMENTATION FOR THE UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development ◽

10.37100/2616-7689/2018/3-4(22-23)/5 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 42-48

Author(s):

Olha Dorosh ◽

Iryna Kupriyanchik ◽

Denys Melnyk

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Urban Planning ◽

Urban Development ◽

Land Management ◽

Planning Process ◽

Town Planning ◽

Land Use Systems ◽

The Law ◽

Land Use Development

The land and town planning legislation concerning the planning of land use development within the united territorial communities (UTC) is considered. It is found that legislative norms need to be finalized. The necessity of updating the existing land management documentation developed prior to the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Land Management" and changes in the structure of urban development in connection with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Regulation of Urban Development" was proved as they do not ensure the integrity of the planning process within the territories of these communities through their institutional incapacity (proved by the example of the Palan Unified Territorial Community of the Uman district of the Cherkasy region). The priority of land management and urban planning documents as the most influential tools in planning the development of land use systems in UTC is scientifically grounded and their interdependence established.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Zoning and Built Environment Characteristics on Transit, Biking, and Walking

Journal of Sustainable Real Estate ◽

10.22300/1949-8276.11.1.108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 108-129

Author(s):

Andrew G. Mueller ◽

Daniel J. Trujillo

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Built Environment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Travel Behavior ◽

Choice Model ◽

Mode Choice ◽

Land Use Regulation ◽

Policy Action ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Impact

This study furthers existing research on the link between the built environment and travel behavior, particularly mode choice (auto, transit, biking, walking). While researchers have studied built environment characteristics and their impact on mode choice, none have attempted to measure the impact of zoning on travel behavior. By testing the impact of land use regulation in the form of zoning restrictions on travel behavior, this study expands the literature by incorporating an additional variable that can be changed through public policy action and may help cities promote sustainable real estate development goals. Using a unique, high-resolution travel survey dataset from Denver, Colorado, we develop a multinomial discrete choice model that addresses unobserved travel preferences by incorporating sociodemographic, built environment, and land use restriction variables. The results suggest that zoning can be tailored by cities to encourage reductions in auto usage, furthering sustainability goals in transportation.

Download Full-text