Abstract 12688: Age and Sex Disparities in Hypertension Control: The Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (mesa)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkiru Osude ◽  
Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu ◽  
Talar Markossian ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
Erin D Michos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Sex Disparities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: Blood pressure (BP) control may decline with age and degree of decline may differ by sex. Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) recruited 6814 men and women, age 45 to 84 years, from six communities in the U.S. during 2000-2002 and follow-up exams occurred every two years for a total of 6 exams from 2000-2016. We assessed the association of age and sex with hypertension control using MESA data among participants receiving treatment for hypertension at any of the first five exams At each exam, resting BP was measured in triplicate at 1-minute intervals using an automated oscillometric device; we used the mean of last two measurements. Hypertension control was defined as BP < 140/90 mmHg among adults with treated hypertension. Mixed-effects models were used to examine the association of sex with BP control by age group (45-64, 65-84, 85+ yrs) while accounting for the clustering within sites and intra-individual correlation and adjusting for demographics, co-morbidities, smoking, alcohol use, and education. Results: Among the 2,017 adults receiving treatment for hypertension (63.1% controlled), the mean age at exam 1 was 64.0 (9.1) yrs, 43.3% male; race/ethnicity was 33.5% White, 9.2% Chinese, 37.2% Black and 20.1% Hispanic. There was a significant interaction of sex*age group (P < 0.001) in mixed-effects models after adjustment for all covariates. The adjusted probability of BP control was then calculated for each sex and age group. Among women, the probability of BP control declined from 74.6% (95% CI 70.8%, 78.5%) for age 45-64 yrs to 55.9% (50.0%, 61.8%) for age 85+ yrs. Among men, probability of BP control declined from 74.0% (70.0%, 78.0%) for age 45-64 yrs to 70.6% (65.7%, 75.5%) for age 85+ yrs. The figure shows the probability of hypertension control by sex and age at a given exam. Conclusion: Hypertension control differs by sex. Interventions are needed to address age-related sex disparities in hypertension control.

scholarly journals Age and Sex Disparities in Hypertension Control: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 100230
Author(s):  
Nkiru Osude ◽  
Ramon Durazo-Arvizu ◽  
Talar Markossian ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
Erin D. Michos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Sex Disparities ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Determination of Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Values in Apparently Healthy Children by means of Age and Sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Burak Durmaz ◽  
Hasan Taslidere ◽  
Guldane Koturoglu ◽  
Cumhur Gunduz ◽  
Mehmet Orman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay on blood lymphocytes is one of the most important tests implemented in cytogenetics for the measurement of genotoxicity. For the purpose of biological dosing, it is crucial to know the spontaneous frequency of MN and its normal values in general population, especially in children, which are used for the population databases. In this study, MN levels were investigated in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes of 150 apparently healthy children aged 1 to 15. Our aim was to assess the variability of MN values according to age and sex. The mean MN frequency among boys was 3.69 ± 1.747‰ and 4.12 ± 1.867‰ in girls where there was no significant difference in relation to age and sex. However, when we separated age groups as 0–2 years, 3–5 years, 6–10 years, and 11–15 years, one-way ANOVA test showed significant association. Significance was obvious in the 0–2 years age group with the 3–5 years age group and 6–10 years age group. When we grouped our study population as 0–2 years and 3–15 years, the mean MN frequency among the 0–2 years age group was 2.85 ± 1.599‰ and 4.07 ± 1.867‰ in the 3–15 years age group which was also statistically significant. This difference may be attributed to age-related increase of close contact with environmental hazardous agents. In conclusion, normal values of MN obtained in this study will add valuable information in regard to update the current childhood population data and will act as a reference for further genotoxicity studies.

Sex- and age-related differences in bilirubin concentrations in serum.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1380-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rosenthal ◽  
M Pincus ◽  
D Fink
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract The relation between age and sex and the concentration of bilirubin in serum was evaluated in 6740 men and 11 215 women, ages 13 to 96 years. Mean serum bilirubin concentrations in the men significantly exceeded values in the women over all age groups examined. Further, mean serum bilirubin concentrations were greatest both in males and females in the 19-24 years age group and then declined to former values, which persisted throughout life. Pearson correlation coefficients for bilirubin with liver function indices (albumin and total protein) and with hemoglobin were low in all ages and in both sexes, suggesting that bilirubin concentrations do not correlate with those liver functions not directly concerned with bile pigment processing.

scholarly journals Effects of Age on Dual Task Walking Performance as Measured Using a Smartphone Application in Middle-Aged Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
Junhong Zhou ◽  
Gabriele Cattaneo ◽  
Wanting Yu ◽  
Jose Tormos ◽  
Lewis Lipsitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Stride Time ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract After the age of 65, one’s ability to walk while performing an additional cognitive task (i.e., dual-tasking) is predictive of both future falls and cognitive decline. However, while it is well-known that older adults exhibit diminished dual-task performance, the time course of age-related dual-task decline has not been established. We thus conducted an analysis of data collected within the ongoing Barcelona Brain Health Initiative, a prospective population-based study characterizing the determinants of brain health maintenance in middle-aged adults. Cognitively-unimpaired participants (n=655) aged 40-65 years without neuro-psychiatric disease completed laboratory-based trials of walking normally (single-task) and walking while performing a verbalized serial subtraction task (dual-task). A smartphone-based gait assessment application was used to capture data and derive both the mean stride time (ST) and stride time variability (STV, defined as the coefficient of variation about the mean stride time) of each trial. The dual-task costs (DTC) to each gait metric were obtained by calculating the percent change from single- to dual-task conditions. We categorized participants into five groups according to age (e.g. Group 1: 40-45 years; Group 5: 60-65 years). Age group did not have an effect on single-task gait outcomes (p&gt;0.51). However, the oldest age group, as compared to each of the other groups, exhibited greater DTC to both ST and STV (p&lt;0.03). These results indicate that dual-task walking performance in particular may begin to diminish in late middle age even in the absence of detectable cognitive issues, DTC may offer a sensitive metric to age-related change in cognitive function.

scholarly journals Computed tomographic assessment of equine maxillary cheek teeth anatomical relationships, and paranasal sinus volumes

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (17) ◽  
pp. 452-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Liuti ◽  
Richard Reardon ◽  
Paddy M Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Infraorbital Canal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gross Examination ◽  
Age Related Changes

Disorders affecting the equine maxillary cheek teeth and paranasal sinuses are relatively common, but limited objective information is available on the dimensions and relationships of these structures in horses of different ages. The aims of this study were to assess age-related changes in the positioning and anatomical relationships of the individual maxillary cheek teeth with the infraorbital canal and maxillary septum and the volumes of the individual sinus compartments. CT and gross examination were performed on 60 normal equine cadaver heads that were aged by their dentition. The intrasinus position of cheek teeth, length of reserve crowns, relationship to the infraorbital canal and measurements of rostral drift and sinus compartment volumes were assessed from CT images. The findings included that Triadan 10 alveoli lay fully or partially in the rostral maxillary sinus (RMS) in 60% of cases. The infraorbital canal lay directly on the medial aspect of the alveolar apex in younger horses. The Triadan 11’sclinical crowns and apices drifted a mean of 2.48 and 2.83 cm more rostral to the orbit, respectively, in the >15 years old vs the <6 years old age group. The mean volumes of sinus compartments ranged from 175 cm3for the caudal maxillary sinus (CMS) to 4 cm3for the ethmoidal sinus (ES). This information should be of value in the diagnosis and treatment of equine dental and sinus disorders and as reference values for further studies.

Age-related differences in parasitosis may indicate acquired immunity against microfilariae in cattle naturally infected with Onchocerca ochengi

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Trees ◽  
G. Wahl ◽  
S. Kläger ◽  
A. Renz
Keyword(s):  
Female Worm ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gravid Females

SUMMARYOnchocerca ochengi is a common parasite of cattle in savanna areas of West Africa and its adult stages inhabit intradermal nodules. We have exploited the accessibility of the macrofilariae to examine quantitative and qualitative differences in both the macro- and microfilariae (mff) in relation to age in naturally infected cattle. Autochthonous cattle at a site on the Adamawa plateau, North Cameroon, situated near a perennial Simulium damnosum s.l. breeding site, were examined in three age groups (1·5–2·5, n = 34; 3–5, n = 39 and ≥ 8 years old, n = 21). Skin mff densities were assessed from ventral skin biopsies, total body counts of nodules were done by palpation and 1–4 nodules were excised from positive animals, collagenase digested and the numbers and condition of macrofilariae determined. Embryogenesis profiles (embryograms) were done on a representative number of female worms in each age group. The overall prevalence of infection in the study population was 71% for mff and 85% for nodules. Nodule prevalence increased significantly from the 1·5–2·5 to 3–5 years old groups, but no other inter-age prevalences were significantly different. While the mean number of nodules per animal increased with age, geometric means (gm) 3·7, 15·5 and 23·1, the skin mff density maximized in the middle age group and decreased significantly in the old animals (gm 15·8, 44·7 and 11·4 mff/g, difference between latter two parameters significant, P < 0·05). Moreover, there was a significant correlation (P < 0·01) between individual nodule counts and skin mff densities in the mid-aged group but not in the oldest group. Examination of nodules showed that nodule counts equated to numbers of female worms, since almost all of 133 nodules examined contained only 1 live female worm. Although the proportion of old female (and male) worms increased with the age groups – 2 (0), 30 (28) and 54 (32)% – the proportion of gravid females (52·8, 48·8 and 58·0%) and the mean number of viable embryos in these females (82·5 × 103, 76·0 × 103 and 102·1 × 103) did not change with age. Thus, due to the higher nodule counts, a calculated productivity index reflecting the potential mff production per animal was 8 times higher in the ≥ 8-year-old animals than in the youngest and 3 times higher than in the middle group, which sharply contrasts with the decline in skin mff density. Although further research is required, these findings may indicate acquired immunity directed against microfilariae. They demonstrate the potential of O. ochengi infections in cattle to investigate a number of aspects of the host–parasite relationship which may have relevance to human onchocerciasis.

scholarly journals Speech production assessment of mouth breathing children with hypertrophy of palatines and/or pharyngeal tonsils

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Borox ◽  
Ana Paula Dassie Leite ◽  
Maria Fernanda Bagarollo ◽  
Bruno Leonardo Freire de Alencar ◽  
Gilsane Raquel Czlusniak
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Pharyngeal Tonsil

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the speech sound production of children diagnosed with a palatine mouth breathing and / or hypertrophic pharyngeal tonsil and compare it to that of a group of children that do not show any respiratory alterations, besides associating with age and sex. Methods: a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical and observational research. Children from five to twelve years old have took part of the study, 50 of them diagnosed as mouth breathers (research group - RG) and 50 with no respiratory alteration (control group - CG). Anamnesis and evaluation based on MBGR protocol was performed, focusing on the speech, supported by figures and with samples of automatic and spontaneous speech. Results: there were no differences between the groups, taking into account the parents' complaint. Speech alterations, such as phonetic deflection, lingual interposition and distortions, and occlusion alterations were more frequent in RG. Speech alterations prevailed for males in 83% and the average age related to speech did not show any significance. Conclusion: mouth breathing children present more alterations of speech sounds than those presented with no respiratory alteration, regardless of the age group, being more common in male children.

Estimating the True Burden of Legionnaires’ Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (9) ◽  
pp. 1686-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsie Cassell ◽  
Paul Gacek ◽  
Therese Rabatsky-Ehr ◽  
Susan Petit ◽  
Matthew Cartter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Over the past decade, the reported incidence of Legionnaires’ disease (LD) in the northeastern United States has increased, reaching 1–3 cases per 100,000 population. There is reason to suspect that this is an underestimate of the true burden, since LD cases may be underdiagnosed. In this analysis of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) hospitalizations, we estimated the percentages of cases due to Legionella, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by age group. We fitted mixed-effects models to estimate attributable percents using weekly time series data on P&I hospitalizations in Connecticut from 2000 to 2014. Model-fitted values were used to calculate estimates of numbers of P&I hospitalizations attributable to Legionella (and influenza and RSV) by age group, season, and year. Our models estimated that 1.9%, 8.8%, and 5.1% of total (all-ages) inpatient P&I hospitalizations could be attributed to Legionella, influenza, and RSV, respectively. Only 10.6% of total predicted LD cases had been clinically diagnosed as LD during the study period. The observed incidence rate of 1.2 cases per 100,000 population was substantially lower than our estimated rate of 11.6 cases per 100,000 population. Our estimates of numbers of P&I hospitalizations attributable to Legionella are comparable to those provided by etiological studies of community-acquired pneumonia and emphasize the potential for underdiagnosis of LD in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Sub 3-Hour Marathon Runners for Five Consecutive Decades Demonstrate a Reduced Age-Related Decline in Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romuald Lepers ◽  
Amby Burfoot ◽  
Paul J. Stapley
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
World Record ◽  
Inherent Limitation ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Marathon Performance ◽  
Low Rate

Estimation of the age-related decline in athletic performance by analyzing age-group world record performances presents an inherent limitation because the records generally belong to different individuals. Longitudinal studies describing the changes in performance with advancing age for the same individuals with a consistent training regimen are more appropriate to determine age-related changes in performance. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the age-related decline in running performance of sub 3-h marathoners for five consecutive calendar decades. The best marathon performances for each decade from the 1970s to the 2010s were analyzed for 40 sub 3-h runners (39 males and 1 female). The cohort mean personal best performance was 2 h 23 min ± 9 min at an age of 28.6 ± 4.7 years. The mean difference in age between the first and the last sub 3-h marathon races was 32.9 ± 1.6 years. The time difference in marathon performance between the personal best and the worst performance during the 5th decade was 26 ± 9 min, corresponding to a mean increase of 1 min 4 s per year, i.e., a decrease in running speed of 0.67 ± 0.29% per year. These results suggest that with consistent training and racing regimens, it is possible to limit the age-related decline in marathon performance to less than 7% per decade at least until 60 years of age. Further studies are required to verify if such a low rate of age-related decline in endurance performance could be maintained after 60 years of age.

Empirical models for radial and tangential fibre width in tree rings of Norway spruce in north-western Europe

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Franceschini ◽  
Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bontemps ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Fibre Width ◽  
Fixed Part ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North Western

Abstract Tracheid dimensions influence the quality of wood and that of pulp and paper. Both between- and within-ring variations are influenced by tree developmental stage, site, genetics, and forest management. To contribute to the knowledge in this regard, the radial and tangential tracheid dimensions on Norway spruce, defined as the lumens and double cell wall thickness, have been measured using a SilviScan device. Namely, 4947 annual rings from 35 trees from plantations in France, Norway, and Sweden were examined. Mixed-effects models were constructed concerning the radial and tangential tracheid widths for the total ring and in three within-ring compartments – earlywood (EW), transition wood (TW), and latewood (LW) – as functions of age, radius, height in the tree, and growth rate. Between-site and between-tree variations were also considered. The mean radial tracheid width was 34.2 μm (EW), 29.9 μm (TrW), and 22.1 μm (LW). The tangential tracheid width was on average 30.1 μm in all compartments. The radial and tangential tracheid widths in the rings and compartments increased from the pith to the bark and decreased with greater growth rates. Within a given ring, both properties decreased with height in the tree. The fixed part of the models of the radial tracheid width accounted for 68% (EW), 45% (TW), and 33% (LW) while for the models of the tangential fibre width it accounted for 42% of the variation in all compartments. Climate or hydraulic maintenance was hypothesised to be responsible for the variation of the radial tracheid width.

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