Abstract 003: Neighborhood Characteristics And Arterial Stiffness Among Black Adults - Results From The Jackson Heart Study & Morehouse Emory Center For Health Equity

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabatun Islam ◽  
Jeong Hwan Kim ◽  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Yi-An Ko ◽  
Peter Baltrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Neighborhood Problems ◽  
Heart Study

Introduction: Poor quality neighborhoods are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) but are understudied in Blacks, who face large CVD health disparities. Arterial stiffness (AS) precedes development of hypertension and adverse CVD events but the effect of neighborhood on AS among Blacks remain unknown. Objective: We compared the association between neighborhood environment and AS among Blacks in Jackson, MS and Atlanta, GA. Methods: We studied 1592 Blacks (age 58 ± 10, 38% male) living in Jackson, MS from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) and 451 Blacks (age 53 ± 10, 39% male) living in Atlanta, GA from the Morehouse/Emory Center for Health Equity (MECA) study, without known CVD. Neighborhood problems (includes measures of aesthetic quality, walking environment, food access), social cohesion (includes activity with neighbors), and violence/safety were assessed using validated questionnaires. AS was measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV) using MRI in JHS and as PWV and augmentation index (AIx) using applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor Inc) in MECA. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and AS, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Improved social characteristics, measured as social cohesion in JHS (β = -0.32 [-0.63, - 0.02], p=0.04) and activity with neighbors (β = -0.23 [-0.40, - 0.05] p=0.01) in MECA, were associated with lower PWV in both cohorts and lower AIx (β = -1.74 [-2.92, - 0.56], p=0.004) in MECA, after adjustment for CVD risk factors and income. Additionally, in MECA better food access (β = -1.18 [-2.35, - 0.01], p=0.05) was associated with lower AIx, and in JHS, lower neighborhood problems (β = -0.33 [-0.64, - 0.02], p=0.04) and lower violence (β = -0.30 [-0.61, 0.002], p=0.05) were associated with lower PWV (Fig). Conclusion: Neighborhood social characteristics show an independent association with vascular health of Blacks, findings that were reproducible in two distinct American cities.

scholarly journals Neighborhood social environment as risk factors to health behavior among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Amy H. Auchincloss ◽  
Sharrelle Barber ◽  
Stephanie L. Mayne ◽  
Michael E. Griswold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study

Abstract P345: Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Events and Death using Multiple Biomarkers in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon K Musani ◽  
Ramachandran Vasan ◽  
Aurelian Bidulescu ◽  
Jung Lee ◽  
Gregory Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African Americans ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Reclassification ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background: The usefulness of biomarkers from different biologic pathways for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among African Americans is not well understood. Methods: We evaluated prospectively 3,102 Jackson Heart Study participants (mean age 54 years; 64% women) with data on a panel of 9 biomarkers representing inflammation (high sensitivity C - reactive protein), adiposity (adiponectin, leptin), neurohormonal activation (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP], aldosterone, and cortisol); insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); and endothelial function (endothelin and homocysteine). We used Cox proportional hazard regression to relate the biomarker panel to the incidence of CVD (stroke, coronary heart disease, angina, heart failure and intermittent claudication) adjusting for standard CVD risk factors. Results: On follow-up (median 8.2 years), 224 participants (141 women) experienced a first CVD event, and 238 (140 women) died. Circulating concentrations of aldosterone, BNP and HOMA-IR were associated with CVD (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] per standard deviation (SD) increase in log-biomarker) were, respectively 1.15, (95% CI 1.01-1.30, p=0.016), 1.97, (95% CI 1.22-2.41, p<0.0001), and 1.30, (95% CI 1.10-1.52, p=0.0064). Blood cortisol and homocysteine were associated with death (HR per SD increment log-biomarker, respectively, 1.17, (95% CI 1.01-1.35, p=0.042), and 1.24, (95% CI 1.10-1.40, pvalue=0.0005). Biomarkers improved risk reclassification by 0.135; 0.120 of which was gained in classification of participants that experienced CVD events and 0.015 from participants that did not. Also, biomarkers marginally increased the model c-statistic beyond traditional risk factors. Conclusions: In our community-based sample of African Americans, circulating aldosterone, BNP and HOMA-IR predicted CVD risk, whereas serum cortisol and homocysteine predicted death. However, the incremental yield of biomarkers over traditional risk factors for risk prediction was minimal.

Abstract P488: Discrimination and Hypertension Risk Among African Americans in The Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allana T Forde ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Tené Lewis ◽  
Amanda Onwuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Low Levels

Background: African Americans have a higher risk for hypertension compared to other racial or ethnic groups in the United States. One possible explanation for this health disparity is perceived discrimination. Few studies have prospectively examined the association between discrimination and the incidence of hypertension. Methods: We examined the associations of everyday, lifetime, and stress from lifetime discrimination with incident hypertension and whether these associations differed by sex, discrimination attribution (i.e. the main reason for the discrimination event), and coping responses to discrimination among African Americans enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study. Discrimination was self-reported by 1845 African Americans aged 21 to 85 years without hypertension at baseline (2000-2004). Participants completed two follow-up study visits from 2005-2008 and 2009-2013. We used interval-censored Cox regression to estimate associations of discrimination with incident hypertension (antihypertensive medication use; and/or systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg at follow-up visits 2 or 3) after adjustment for confounding variables. Results: Overall, 52% (954 of 1845) of participants developed hypertension over the follow-up period. After adjustment for age, sex, education and hypertension risk factors (body mass index, alcohol use, smoking, diet and physical activity), medium versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (hazard ratio-HR: 1.45, 95% confidence interval-CI: 1.15-1.82) and high versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (HR: 1.35, CI: 1.08-1.68) were associated with a higher incidence of hypertension. High versus low stress from lifetime discrimination was associated with hypertension risk after adjustment for demographics (HR: 1.20, CI: 1.02-1.41), but the association was attenuated after adjustment for hypertension risk factors (HR: 1.14, CI: 0.97-1.35). Lifetime discrimination and stress from discrimination were associated with an increased hypertension risk among females, but not males. No interactions with age, attribution or coping were present for any type of discrimination. Conclusions: Findings from this study support an association between lifetime discrimination and incident hypertension in African Americans.

Abstract P314: Physical Activity-Mediated Associations of Perceived Neighborhood Violence and Problems on Depressive Symptoms Among Jackson Heart Study Participants

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Tamura ◽  
Steven D Langerman ◽  
Stephanie L Orstad ◽  
Sam J Neally ◽  
Marcus R Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Little is known about whether links between perceived neighborhood social environment (PNSE) and depressive symptoms are mediated by physical activity (PA) levels. Hypothesis: We tested the hypotheses that total PA mediates relations between PNSE and depressive symptoms. Methods: We used Jackson Heart Study (JHS) baseline data. JHS is a prospective, community-based study of African Americans in the Jackson, MS (valid samples=2082; M age 52.4 years; 64% female). PNSE variables included neighborhood violence, problems (higher value=more violence or problems), and social cohesion (higher value=more cohesion). Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Validated total PA, based on active living, sport, and work indices, was tested as the mediator. Linear regressions with bootstrap-generated 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals (BC CIs) were estimated using SAS 9.4 to test for significant unstandardized indirect effects, controlling for all covariates. Results: Participants had a mean depressive symptoms score of 10.8 ( SD =8.1). Neighborhood violence and problems were indirectly related to depressive symptoms via total PA ( β for indirect effects=.21, 95% BC CI =.02, .48 and .13, 95% BC CI =.01, .32, respectively). That is, higher violence and problems were related to lower total PA. In turn, higher total PA was associated with lower depressive symptoms ( Figure 1 ). Neighborhood violence and problems also were directly related to depressive symptoms ( p <.05). Yet, social cohesion was not indirectly or directly related to depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Higher perceived neighborhood violence and problems were positively related to depressive symptoms. These associations may be explained in part via lower total PA levels. Future interventions to reduce depressive symptoms attributed to neighborhood issues should consider PA promotion in conjunction with community efforts to reduce neighborhood violence and problems.

scholarly journals The Social Patterning of Sleep in African Americans: Associations of Socioeconomic Position and Neighborhood Characteristics with Sleep in the Jackson Heart Study

SLEEP ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1749-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayna A. Johnson ◽  
Lynda Lisabeth ◽  
DeMarc Hickson ◽  
Vicki Johnson-Lawrence ◽  
Tandaw Samdarshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals The contribution of stress to the social patterning of clinical and subclinical CVD risk factors in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1697-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Y. Gebreab ◽  
Ana V. Diez-Roux ◽  
DeMarc A. Hickson ◽  
Shawn Boykin ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Subclinical Cvd
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