Abstract 031: Age-related Homeostatic Dysregulation In Midlife And Physical Function In Late Life: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (aric) Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Lu ◽  
James R Pike ◽  
Anna Kucharska-newton ◽  
Priya Palta ◽  
Eric A Whitsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physical Functional Performance

Introduction: Age-related homeostatic dysregulation (Dm), characterized by multi-biomarker composite measures, has shown promise as a rate-of-aging metric. We tested the association of midlife Dm and its change over ~20 years of follow-up with later life physical function. Methods: We studied 4617 ARIC cohort participants (mean age 54.8 years, 58% female, 20% Black) who completed in-person examinations from 1990-92 (baseline) through 2011-13. Dm quantifies the multivariate statistical deviation of 15 physiology-motivated biomarkers from the distribution in a healthy sample at baseline. Midlife Dm was grouped by quartiles (higher quartiles indicating greater homeostatic dysregulation) and temporal change in Dm was quantified continuously. Physical function was assessed in 2011-13 and included measures from the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) including repeated chair stands, balance, 4-meter walk and grip strength. Associations were quantified using linear regression and ordinal logistic regression as applicable, adjusting for age, sex, race, and education. Results: A graded association was observed between midlife Dm and physical functional performance in late life (Table). Compared to the 1 st quartile of midlife Dm, the odds ratio of a lower SPPB score in late life was 1.19 (95%CI 1.04, 1.35) for the 2 nd quartile, 1.63 (1.41, 1.90) for the 3 rd quartile, and 3.14 (2.60, 3.79) for the 4 th quartile. Similar associations were observed for each of SPPB components and grip strength, either modeled ordinally or continuously. Each standard deviation increase in 10-year Dm change was associated with ~2-3 times the odds of having a poorer physical functional performance. Conclusions: Greater homeostatic dysregulation at midlife and increases in dysregulation during follow-up were associated with poorer physical function in late life. Insights into the factors that lead to progression of multisystem deterioration during midlife may highlight opportunities to preserve functional abilities in late life.

scholarly journals AGE-BASED STEREOTYPE THREAT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PRIMING TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S455-S456
Author(s):  
Francesco Vailati Riboni ◽  
Francesco Pagnini
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Age-based stereotype threat (ABST) occurs when older adults are influenced by negative stereotypes about age-related decline and functional losses and ironically behave in disengaging and self-defeating ways that confirm the stereotype (Steele & Aronson, 1995). Aging stereotypes are found to be strong predictors of health and illness outcomes in later life, and are associated with performance in specific areas, mainly in cognitive and physical domains. The current study reviewed the experimental methods and their reported effects previously published in the literature to determine if there were different ABST methods were associated with different types of age-related outcomes. We conducted a systematic review, screening the scientific literature for papers that included experimental manipulation of age-related stereotypes as an independent variable, focusing on samples of older adults (1113 articles, most published after 2003). Through a classification of the common and distinctive characteristics of the different stereotype manipulation techniques, we were able to identify three specific types of experimental methods: by instruction, tests, and interpersonal exposure. Although the mechanism by which stereotypes are associated with functional outcomes in older adults remains unclear, our review suggests it is possible to experimentally control the activation of the stereotype by manipulating its specific characteristics and the way older participants are exposed to it. Findings also highlight the possibility that specific experimental methods used to induce ABST in older individuals may lead to unique and different consequences on functional performance variation.

scholarly journals Childhood Cognition and Age-Related Change in Standing Balance Performance From Mid to Later Life: Findings From a British Birth Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M Blodgett ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Daniel H J Davis ◽  
Rachel Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cognitive processing plays a crucial role in the integration of sensory input and motor output that facilitates balance. However, whether balance ability in adulthood is influenced by cognitive pathways established in childhood is unclear, especially as no study has examined if these relationships change with age. We aimed to investigate associations between childhood cognition and age-related change in standing balance between mid and later life. Methods Data on 2,380 participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development were included in analyses. Repeated measures multilevel models estimated the association between childhood cognition, assessed at age 15, and log-transformed balance time, assessed at ages 53, 60–64, and 69 using the one-legged stand with eyes closed. Adjustments were made for sex, death, attrition, anthropometric measures, health conditions, health behaviors, education, other indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP), and adult verbal memory. Results In a sex-adjusted model, 1 standard deviation increase in childhood cognition was associated with a 13% (95% confidence interval: 10, 16; p < .001) increase in balance time at age 53, and this association got smaller with age (cognition × age interaction: p < .001). Adjustments for education, adult verbal memory, and SEP largely explained these associations. Conclusions Higher childhood cognition was associated with better balance performance in midlife, with diminishing associations with increasing age. The impact of adjustment for education, cognition and other indicators of SEP suggested a common pathway through which cognition is associated with balance across life. Further research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms, which may have important implications for falls risk and maintenance of physical capability.

scholarly journals Gendered trajectories of support from close relationships from middle to late life

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING LIAO ◽  
ANNE MCMUNN ◽  
SHANNON T. MEJÍA ◽  
ERIC J. BRUNNER
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Practical Support

ABSTRACTThis study investigates gender differences in trajectories of support from close relationships among adults in the transition from middle to old age, taking into account stability and change in the identity of the closest persons. Multi-level modelling was used to estimate gendered age-trajectories in three dimensions of support: emotional support, practical support and negative encounters, which were repeatedly measured over ten years amongst 6,718 Whitehall II participants. Men were more likely than women to nominate their partner as their closest person throughout follow-up; whereas women drew support from a wider range of sources. Gender differences were only evident in age-related trajectories of emotional support, and were contingent on stability and change in the closest relationships. Men reported increased emotional support from closest relationships with age, except for those who transitioned out of a partnership. For women, emotional support was stable among those whose closest person remained consistent, but decreased among those who changed their closest person. Further, emotional support increased with age for all married men, which was only the case for married women who nominated their partner as their closest person. Our analysis highlights gender-specific trajectories of perceived support from adults’ closest relationships in late life, and indicate more pronounced socio-emotional selectivity in older men than women.

scholarly journals Grip strength from midlife as an indicator of later-life brain health and cognition: evidence from a British birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Dercon ◽  
Jennifer M. Nicholas ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Jonathan M. Schott ◽  
Marcus Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Maximum Grip

Abstract Background Grip strength is an indicator of physical function with potential predictive value for health in ageing populations. We assessed whether trends in grip strength from midlife predicted later-life brain health and cognition. Methods 446 participants in an ongoing British birth cohort study, the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), had their maximum grip strength measured at ages 53, 60–64, and 69, and subsequently underwent neuroimaging as part of a neuroscience sub-study, referred to as “Insight 46”, at age 69–71. A group-based trajectory model identified latent groups of individuals in the whole NSHD cohort with below- or above-average grip strength over time, plus a reference group. Group assignment, plus standardised grip strength levels and change from midlife were each related to measures of whole-brain volume (WBV) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), plus several cognitive tests. Models were adjusted for sex, body size, head size (where appropriate), sociodemographics, and behavioural and vascular risk factors. Results Lower grip strength from midlife was associated with smaller WBV and lower matrix reasoning scores at age 69–71, with findings consistent between analysis of individual time points and analysis of trajectory groups. There was little evidence of an association between grip strength and other cognitive test scores. Although greater declines in grip strength showed a weak association with higher WMHV at age 69–71, trends in the opposite direction were seen at individual time points with higher grip strength at ages 60–64, and 69 associated with higher WMHV. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that maximum grip strength may have value in predicting brain health. Future work should assess to what extent age-related declines in grip strength from midlife reflect concurrent changes in brain structure.

scholarly journals Religiosity and Perceived Social Support Enhance Older Adults’ Resilience after the 2016 Flood

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 929-929
Author(s):  
Katie Cherry ◽  
Matthew Calamia ◽  
Emily Elliott ◽  
Angelina Cantelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age Related

Abstract In 2016, catastrophic flooding destroyed homes and property across south Louisiana. This study is part of a larger program of research that addresses the role of prior hurricane and flood experiences on current health and well-being in later life. Participants were predominately middle-aged and older adults who varied in current and prior severe weather experiences (M age=49.6 years, age range 18-88 years). All were tested during the immediate aftermath of the 2016 flood (Wave 1; N=223) and most participated in a follow-up assessment 9 (+/- 3) months later (Wave 2; N=202). Cherry et al. (2021) reported that greater flood stressors at Wave 1, such as displacement, flood-related losses, and damage to homes and property, were associated with more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that age, religiosity, and perceived social support would be positively associated with post-flood resilience at the Wave 2 follow-up. Results indicated that age was positively associated with religiosity and resilience, and negatively correlated with symptoms of PTSD. Additionally, faith community involvement, non-organizational religiosity, and religious beliefs and practices were all significantly correlated with post-flood resilience. Perceived social support was positively associated with resilience, and inversely correlated with PTSD symptoms. These data suggest that religiosity and perceived social support are valuable resources that foster post-disaster resilience among middle aged and older adults. Implications of these data for current views on age-related strengths and vulnerabilities after severe weather events are discussed.

scholarly journals Fluid Intelligence Predicts Change in Depressive Symptoms in Later Life: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1984-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Aichele ◽  
Paolo Ghisletta ◽  
Janie Corley ◽  
Alison Pattie ◽  
Adele M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Coupling Parameter ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

We examined reciprocal, time-ordered associations between age-related changes in fluid intelligence and depressive symptoms. Participants were 1,091 community-dwelling older adults from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study who were assessed repeatedly at 3-year intervals between the ages of 70 and 79 years. On average, fluid intelligence and depressive symptoms worsened with age. There was also a dynamic-coupling effect, in which low fluid intelligence at a given age predicted increasing depressive symptoms across the following 3-year interval, whereas the converse did not hold. Model comparisons showed that this coupling parameter significantly improved overall fit and had a correspondingly moderately strong effect size, accounting on average for an accumulated 0.9 standard-deviation increase in depressive symptoms, following lower cognitive performance, across the observed age range. Adjustment for sociodemographic and health-related covariates did not significantly attenuate this association. This implies that monitoring for cognitive decrements in later life may expedite interventions to reduce related increases in depression risk.

scholarly journals Effects of resistance training on physical function in older disabled women with coronary heart disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brochu ◽  
Patrick Savage ◽  
Melinda Lee ◽  
Justine Dee ◽  
M. Elaine Cress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Continuous Scale ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Physical Functional Performance

We studied whether disabled older women with coronary heart disease can perform resistance training at an intensity sufficient to improve measured and self-reported physical function [ n = 30, 70.6 ± 4.5 (SD) yr]. Compared with the controls, the resistance-training group showed significant improvements in overall measured physical function score using the Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance Test (+24 vs. +3%). The Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance Test measures physical function for 15 practical activities, such as carrying groceries or climbing stairs. Resistance training led to improved measures for domains of upper body strength (+18 vs. +6%), lower body strength (+23 vs. +6%), endurance (+26 vs. +1%), balance and coordination (+29 vs. −2%), and 6-min walk (+15 vs. +7%). Women involved in the flexibility-control group showed essentially no improvement for physical function measures. No changes were observed for body composition, aerobic capacity, or self-reported physical function in either group. In conclusion, disabled older women with coronary heart disease who participate in strength training are able to train at an intensity sufficient to result in improvements in multiple domains of measured physical functional performance, despite no change in lean body mass.

scholarly journals Validity of the German Version of the Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance 10 Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Irene Härdi ◽  
Stephanie A. Bridenbaugh ◽  
M. Elaine Cress ◽  
Reto W. Kressig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
German Version ◽  
Continuous Scale ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Physical Functional Performance

Background. The Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance 10 Test (CS-PFP 10) quantitatively assesses physical functional performance in older adults who have a broad range of physical functional ability. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the CS-PFP 10 German version.Methods. Forward-translations and backtranslations as well as cultural adaptions of the test were conducted. Participants were German-speaking Swiss community-dwelling adults aged 64 and older. Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients between CS-PFP 10 and gait velocity, Timed Up and Go Test, hand grip strength, SF-36 physical function domain, and Freiburger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha.Results. Backtranslation and cultural adaptions were accepted by the CS-PFP 10 developer. CS-PFP 10 total score and subscores (upper body strength, upper body flexibility, lower body strength, balance and coordination, and endurance) correlated significantly with all measures of physical function tested. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha 0.95–0.98).Conclusion. The CS-PFP 10 German version is valid and reliable for measuring physical functional performance in German-speaking Swiss community-dwelling older adults. Quantifying physical function is essential for clinical practice and research and provides meaningful insight into physical functional performance of older adults. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01539200.

scholarly journals Age-Related Hearing Loss and the Development of Cognitive Impairment and Late-Life Depression: A Scoping Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 010-025
Author(s):  
Rahul K. Sharma ◽  
Alexander Chern ◽  
Justin S. Golub
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Impaired Cognition ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAge-related hearing loss (ARHL) has been connected to both cognitive decline and late-life depression. Several mechanisms have been offered to explain both individual links. Causal and common mechanisms have been theorized for the relationship between ARHL and impaired cognition, including dementia. The causal mechanisms include increased cognitive load, social isolation, and structural brain changes. Common mechanisms include neurovascular disease as well as other known or as-yet undiscovered neuropathologic processes. Behavioral mechanisms have been used to explain the potentially causal association of ARHL with depression. Behavioral mechanisms include social isolation, loneliness, as well as decreased mobility and impairments of activities of daily living, all of which can increase the risk of depression. The mechanisms underlying the associations between hearing loss and impaired cognition, as well as hearing loss and depression, are likely not mutually exclusive. ARHL may contribute to both impaired cognition and depression through overlapping mechanisms. Furthermore, ARHL may contribute to impaired cognition which may, in turn, contribute to depression. Because ARHL is highly prevalent and greatly undertreated, targeting this condition is an appealing and potentially influential strategy to reduce the risk of developing two potentially devastating diseases of later life. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanistic relationship between ARHL, depression, and impaired cognition.

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