scholarly journals Taking a Stand Against Air Pollution—The Impact on Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brauer ◽  
Barbara Casadei ◽  
Robert A. Harrington ◽  
Richard Kovacs ◽  
Karen Sliwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Although the attention of the world and the global health community specifically is deservedly focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, other determinants of health continue to have large impacts and may also interact with COVID-19. Air pollution is one crucial example. Established evidence from other respiratory viruses and emerging evidence for COVID-19 specifically indicates that air pollution alters respiratory defense mechanisms leading to worsened infection severity. Air pollution also contributes to comorbidities that are known to worsen outcomes among those infected with COVID-19, and air pollution may also enhance infection transmission due to its impact on more frequent coughing. Yet despite the massive disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are reasons for optimism: broad societal lockdowns have shown us a glimpse of what a future with strong air pollution measures could yield. Thus, the urgency to combat air pollution is not diminished, but instead heightened in the context of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Diversity of Plant Sterols Metabolism: The Impact on Human Health, Sport, and Accumulation of Contaminating Sterols

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1623
Author(s):  
Arthur T. Kopylov ◽  
Kristina A. Malsagova ◽  
Alexander A. Stepanov ◽  
Anna L. Kaysheva
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Anabolic Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Sport ◽  
The Impact

The way of plant sterols transformation and their benefits for humans is still a question under the massive continuing revision. In fact, there are no receptors for binding with sterols in mammalians. However, possible biotransformation to steroids that can be catalyzed by gastro-intestinal microflora, microbial cells in prebiotics or cytochromes system were repeatedly reported. Some products of sterols metabolization are capable to imitate resident human steroids and compete with them for the binding with corresponding receptors, thus affecting endocrine balance and entire physiology condition. There are also tremendous reports about the natural origination of mammalian steroid hormones in plants and corresponding receptors for their binding. Some investigations and reports warn about anabolic effect of sterols, however, there are many researchers who are reluctant to believe in and have strong opposing arguments. We encounter plant sterols everywhere: in food, in pharmacy, in cosmetics, but still know little about their diverse properties and, hence, their exact impact on our life. Most of our knowledge is limited to their cholesterol-lowering influence and protective effect against cardiovascular disease. However, the world of plant sterols is significantly wider if we consider the thousands of publications released over the past 10 years.

scholarly journals Global environmental problems in the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 11004
Author(s):  
Galina Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution is an environmental problem that is familiar to residents of absolutely all corners of the earth. It is especially acutely felt by residents of cities where enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, energy, chemical, petrochemical, construction, pulp and paper industries operate. In some cities, the atmosphere is also severely poisoned by vehicles and boiler houses. These are all examples of anthropogenic air pollution. The subject of the study is the emissions of carbon dioxide into the environment. The purpose of the study is to solve the problem of environmental pollution by harmful substances and preserve the ecology in the world. Methodology. The main indicators characterizing the impact on the environment - CO2 emissions in the global energy sector - have been systematized; two indicators have been identified that determine the level of atmospheric pollution. Results - the scale of the influence of atmospheric air pollution on human health and the entire ecosystem as a whole was revealed.

scholarly journals Mineral Micronutrients in Asthma

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001
Author(s):  
Dominika Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
The Impact

Asthma represents one of the most common medical issues in the modern world. It is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways and disturbances in redox status, leading to hyperresponsiveness of bronchi and airway obstruction. Apart from classical risk factors such as air pollution, family history, allergies, or obesity, disturbances of the levels of micronutrients lead to impairments in the defense mechanisms of the affected organism against oxidative stress and proinflammatory stimuli. In the present review, the impact of micronutrients on the prevalence, severity, and possible risk factors of asthma is discussed. Although the influence of classical micronutrients such as selenium, copper, or zinc are well known, the effects of those such as iodine or manganese are only rarely mentioned. As a consequence, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how disturbances in the levels of micronutrients and their supplementation might affect the course of asthma.

scholarly journals Needs assessment and impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy professionals in 31 commonwealth countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Ashiru-Oredope ◽  
◽  
Amy Hai Yan Chan ◽  
Omotayo Olaoye ◽  
Victoria Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The World ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The declaration of COVID-19 a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 marked the beginning of a global health crisis of an unprecedented nature and scale. The approach taken by countries across the world varied widely, however, the delivery of frontline healthcare was consistently recognised as being central to the pandemic response. This study aimed to identify and explore the issues currently facing pharmacy teams across Commonwealth countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also evaluates pharmacy professionals’ understanding of key knowledge areas from the COVID-19 webinar hosted by the Commonwealth Pharmacists’ Association (CPA). Method A quantitative survey-based approach was adopted, using a 32-item questionnaire developed from the literature on pharmacy and pandemic response. The survey was hosted on Survey Monkey and pilot tested. The final survey was disseminated by CPA member organisations. A 6-item online questionnaire was sent via email to all attendees of CPA's COVID-19 webinar. Descriptive statistics on frequency distributions and percentages were used to analyse the responses. Data were analysed using Microsoft® Excel (2010). Results There were 545 responses from pharmacy professionals across 31/54 Commonwealth countries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific. Majority of the respondents reported being at least somewhat worried (90%) and more than 65% were very worried or extremely about the impact of COVID-19 on them personally and professionally. Nearly two-thirds of respondents stated finding it somewhat difficult or very difficult to work effectively during the pandemic. Challenges mostly faced by pharmacy professionals working remotely included; general anxiety about the impact of COVID-19 on their lives (12%), and difficulties in communicating with their co-workers (12%). Most pharmacy professionals had not previously been actively involved in a global health emergency (82%) nor obtained training on global/public health emergency preparedness (62%). Between 45 and 97% of the COVID-19 webinar attendees provided the correct answers to post-webinar questions, suggesting some improvement in knowledge. Conclusion Our study confirms pharmacy professionals’ concerns about practice during a pandemic and provides preliminary data on the challenges and learning needs of the profession. The CPA has since acted on these findings, providing ongoing opportunities to develop and refine resources for the profession as the pandemic evolves. Pharmacy professionals have also demonstrated improved knowledge on the management of COVID-19 and resources available for professionals.

scholarly journals Learning from the past: did experience with previous epidemics help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among spine surgeons worldwide?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1789-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Weiner ◽  
Peter R. Swiatek ◽  
Daniel J. Johnson ◽  
Philip K. Louie ◽  
Garrett K. Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
The World ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies ◽  
Spine Surgeon ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Spine surgeons around the world have been universally impacted by COVID-19. The current study addressed whether prior experience with disease epidemics among the spine surgeon community had an impact on preparedness and response toward COVID-19. Methods A 73-item survey was distributed to spine surgeons worldwide via AO Spine. Questions focused on: demographics, COVID-19 preparedness, response, and impact. Respondents with and without prior epidemic experience (e.g., SARS, H1NI, MERS) were assessed on preparedness and response via univariate and multivariate modeling. Results of the survey were compared against the Global Health Security Index. Results Totally, 902 surgeons from 7 global regions completed the survey. 24.2% of respondents had prior experience with global health crises. Only 49.6% reported adequate access to personal protective equipment. There were no differences in preparedness reported by respondents with prior epidemic exposure. Government and hospital responses were fairly consistent around the world. Prior epidemic experience did not impact the presence of preparedness guidelines. There were subtle differences in sources of stress, coping strategies, performance of elective surgeries, and impact on income driven by prior epidemic exposure. 94.7% expressed a need for formal, international guidelines to help mitigate the impact of the current and future pandemics. Conclusions This is the first study to note that prior experience with infectious disease crises did not appear to help spine surgeons prepare for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Based on survey results, the GHSI was not an effective measure of COVID-19 preparedness. Formal international guidelines for crisis preparedness are needed to mitigate future pandemics.

A Philosophy of Industrial Air Pollution Control

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Herbert F. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Industrial Air Pollution ◽  
Legislative Procedures ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

It is time we settled down to a sensible, practical approach to solving the industrial air pollution problem. That is the goal of this paper: to take the sensationalism out and replace it with a sensible evaluation of the situation. The major points covered are 1 a brief review of historical facts, 2 an analysis of present conditions around the world, 3 what is industry’s responsibility, 4 a comparison of legislative procedures and their enforcement effectiveness, 5 the impact of air pollution control costs on worldwide markets, 6 suggestions for solutions.

scholarly journals The impact of Covid-19 on international financial markets: winners and losers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75
Author(s):  
Gema Orihuel Bañuls
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

The pandemic caused by the SARS-Cov-2 (Covid-19) virus has triggered a worldwide impact on the economy that has been firstly reflected in the financial markets‘ performance. As a consequence of this global health emergency, the world economy is going to deal with its greatest threat since the 2008 Financial Crisis. However, the collapse and recovery of countries and industries are likely to be divergent. This paper aims to provide a global picture of different stock exchange indexes’ progress, including SP 500, Eurostoxx 50, IBEX 35 and CSI 300. In addition, components‘ performance of the Eurostoxx 50 have been analyzed in order to gather more specific information regarding the Covid-19 impact in different industries. Results have revealed that recovery in some of the stock markets are due to large corporation’s resilience and some winning sectors. As a result, the economic recovery is taking the form of a "K".

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