Lipid Metabolism by Gut Microbes and Atherosclerosis

ABSTRACT Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of “omics” approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes , including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut. IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut.

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Spirulina active substance mediated gut microbes improve lipid metabolism in high-fat diet fed rats

Journal of Functional Foods ◽

10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hongpei Chen ◽

Feng Zeng ◽

Shiming Li ◽

Yilin Liu ◽

Shiyu Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Active Substance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Gut Microbes

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Combined Analysis of the Effects of Exposure to Blue Light in Ducks Reveals a Reduction in Cholesterol Accumulation Through Changes in Methionine Metabolism and the Intestinal Microbiota

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.737059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Daiyang Xia ◽

Lin Yang ◽

Jiajie Cui ◽

Yu Li ◽

Xianzhi Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Blue Light ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Methionine Metabolism ◽

Cholesterol Accumulation ◽

Combined Analysis ◽

Gut Microbes

Graphical AbstractBlue light improves lipid metabolism by altering metabolism and gut microbes.

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L-Arabinose Elicits Gut-Derived Hydrogen Production and Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome in C57BL/6J Mice on High-Fat-Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11123054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3054 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lin Zhao ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Guanfei Zhang ◽

Tiantian Zhang ◽

Jing Lou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Hydrogen Production ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Health Concern ◽

Hydrogen Yield ◽

High Fat ◽

Gut Microbes

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) associated with excess calorie intake has become a great public health concern worldwide. L-arabinose, a naturally occurring plant pentose, has a promising future as a novel food ingredient with benefits in MS; yet the mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Gut microbiota is recently recognized to play key roles in MS. Molecular hydrogen, an emerging medical gas with reported benefits in MS, can be produced and utilized by gut microbes. Here we show oral L-arabinose elicited immediate and robust release of hydrogen in mice in a dose-and-time-dependent manner while alleviating high-fat-diet (HFD) induced MS including increased body weight especially fat weight, impaired insulin sensitivity, liver steatosis, dyslipidemia and elevated inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, L-arabinose modulated gene-expressions involved in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in key metabolic tissues. Antibiotics treatment abolished L-arabinose-elicited hydrogen production independent of diet type, confirming gut microbes as the source of hydrogen. q-PCR of fecal 16S rDNA revealed modulation of relative abundances of hydrogen-producing and hydrogen-consuming gut microbes as well as probiotics by HFD and L-arabinose. Our data uncovered modulating gut microbiota and hydrogen yield, expression of genes governing lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic tissues is underlying L-arabinose’s benefits in MS.

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Alteration of Gut Microbiome and Correlated Lipid Metabolism in Post-Stroke Depression

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.663967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Wenxia Jiang ◽

Lei Gong ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Yikun Ren ◽

Jun Mu

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Nucleotide Metabolism ◽

Brain Diseases ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Gut Microbes ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

And Function

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of post-stroke depression (PSD) remains largely unknown. There is growing evidence indicating that gut microbiota participates in the development of brain diseases through the gut-brain axis. Here, we aim to determine whether and how microbial composition and function altered among control, stroke and PSD rats.Materials and MethodsAfter the PSD rat model was successfully established, gut microbiome combined with fecal metabolome approach were performed to identify potentially PSD-related gut microbes and their functional metabolites. Then, correlations between behavior indices and altered gut microbes, as well as correlations between altered gut microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with differential metabolites in PSD rats were explored. Enrichment analysis was also conducted to uncover the crucial metabolic pathways related to PSD.ResultsAlthough there were some alterations in the microbiome and metabolism of the control and stroke rats, we found that the microbial and metabolic phenotypes of PSD rats were significantly different. The microbial composition of PSD showed a decreased species richness indices, characterized by 22 depleted OTUs mainly belonging to phylum Firmicutes, genus Blautia and Streptococcus. In addition, PSD was associated with disturbances of fecal metabolomics, among them Glutamate, Maleic acid, 5-Methyluridine, Gallocatechin, 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, L-Kynurenine, Daidzein, Cyanoalanine, Acetyl Alanine and 5-Methoxytryptamine were significantly related to disturbed gut microbiome (P ≤ 0.01). Disordered fecal metabolomics in PSD rats mainly assigned to lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. The steroid biosynthesis was particularly enriched in PSD.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that gut microbiome may participate in the development of PSD, the mechanism may be related to the regulation of lipid metabolism.

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A Cytochemical Study of Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-PASE) in Cells Participating in Atherogenesis of Rabbit Aorta

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100115924 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 460-461

Author(s):

Sidney D. Kobernick ◽

Edna A. Elfont ◽

Neddra L. Brooks

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

New Zealand ◽

Aortic Wall ◽

Rabbit Aorta ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Metabolic Changes ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Cellular Alteration ◽

New Zealand White Rabbits

This cytochemical study was designed to investigate early metabolic changes in the aortic wall that might lead to or accompany development of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits. The hypothesis that the primary cellular alteration leading to plaque formation might be due to changes in either carbohydrate or lipid metabolism led to histochemical studies that showed elevation of G-6-Pase in atherosclerotic plaques of rabbit aorta. This observation initiated the present investigation to determine how early in plaque formation and in which cells this change could be observed.Male New Zealand white rabbits of approximately 2000 kg consumed normal diets or diets containing 0.25 or 1.0 gm of cholesterol per day for 10, 50 and 90 days. Aortas were injected jin situ with glutaraldehyde fixative and dissected out. The plaques were identified, isolated, minced and fixed for not more than 10 minutes. Incubation and postfixation proceeded as described by Leskes and co-workers.

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