An Event-Related fMRI Investigation of Implicit Semantic Priming

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Rissman ◽  
James C. Eliassen ◽  
Sheila E. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Lexical Representations

The neural basis underlying implicit semantic priming was investigated using event-related fMRI. Prime-target pairs were presented auditorily for lexical decision (LD) on the target stimulus, which was either semantically related or unrelated to the prime, or was a nonword. A tone task was also administered as a control. Behaviorally, all participants demonstrated semantic priming in the LD task. fMRI results showed that for all three conditions of the LD task, activation was seen in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and the inferior parietal lobe, with greater activation in the unrelated and nonword conditions than in the related condition. Direct comparisons of the related and unrelated conditions revealed foci in the left STG, left precentral gyrus, left and right MTGs, and right caudate, exhibiting significantly lower activation levels in the related condition. The reduced activity in the temporal lobe suggests that the perception of the prime word activates a lexical— semantic network that shares common elements with the target word, and, thus, the target can be recognized with enhanced neural efficiency. The frontal lobe reductions most likely reflect the increased efficiency in monitoring the activation of lexical representations in the temporal lobe, making a decision, and planning the appropriate motor response.

scholarly journals Right Superior Temporal Gyrus Altered Functional Activity in Patients With Definite Vestibular Migraine

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yang ◽  
Zhe-Yuan Li ◽  
Li-Hong Si ◽  
Bo Shen ◽  
Xia Ling
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Vestibular Migraine ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Abstract The study aimed to investigate resting-state functional brain activity alterations in patients with definite vestibular migraine (dVM). Seventeen patients with dVM, 8 patients with migraine, 17 health controls (HCs) were recruited. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated to observe the changes in spontaneous brain activity. Then brain regions with altered fALFF were selected for seed-based functional connectivity analysis. Compared with HCs, VM patients showed significantly increased ALFF values in the right temporal lobe (Cluster size = 91 voxels, P=0.002, FWE corrected), and significantly increased ReHo values in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) (Cluster size = 136 voxels, P=0.013, FWE corrected). Compared with patients with migraine, patients with VM showed significantly increased fALFF values in the right parietal lobe (Cluster size = 43 voxels, P=0.011, FWE corrected) and right frontal lobe (Cluster size =36 voxels, P=0.026, FWE corrected), significantly increased ReHo values in the right thalamus (Cluster size = 92 voxels, P=0.043, FWE corrected). Our findings documented that patients with VM showed enhanced spontaneous functional activity in the right temporal lobe (STG, MTG, and ITG) compared with HCs, and increased spontaneous activity in the right parietal lobe-frontal lobe-thalamus compared with patients with migraine. Patients with VM and migraine both had altered brain function, but the regions involved are different.

scholarly journals Syntactic and Semantic Specialization and Integration in 5- to 6-Year-Old Children during Auditory Sentence Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Mabel L. Rice ◽  
James R. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Semantic Task

Previous studies have found specialized syntactic and semantic processes in the adult brain during language comprehension. Young children have sophisticated semantic and syntactic aspects of language, yet many previous fMRI studies failed to detect this specialization, possibly due to experimental design and analytical methods. In this current study, 5- to 6-year-old children completed a syntactic task and a semantic task to dissociate these two processes. Multivoxel pattern analysis was used to examine the correlation of patterns within a task (between runs) or across tasks. We found that the left middle temporal gyrus showed more similar patterns within the semantic task compared with across tasks, whereas there was no difference in the correlation within the syntactic task compared with across tasks, suggesting its specialization in semantic processing. Moreover, the left superior temporal gyrus showed more similar patterns within both the semantic task and the syntactic task as compared with across tasks, suggesting its role in integration of semantic and syntactic information. In contrast to the temporal lobe, we did not find specialization or integration effects in either the opercular or triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Overall, our study showed that 5- to 6-year-old children have already developed specialization and integration in the temporal lobe, but not in the frontal lobe, consistent with developmental neurocognitive models of language comprehension in typically developing young children.

scholarly journals Both the Middle Temporal Gyrus and the Ventral Anterior Temporal Area Are Crucial for Multimodal Semantic Processing: Distortion-corrected fMRI Evidence for a Double Gradient of Information Convergence in the Temporal Lobes

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1766-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Visser ◽  
Elizabeth Jefferies ◽  
Karl V. Embleton ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Principal Axes

Most contemporary theories of semantic memory assume that concepts are formed from the distillation of information arising in distinct sensory and verbal modalities. The neural basis of this distillation or convergence of information was the focus of this study. Specifically, we explored two commonly posed hypotheses: (a) that the human middle temporal gyrus (MTG) provides a crucial semantic interface given the fact that it interposes auditory and visual processing streams and (b) that the anterior temporal region—especially its ventral surface (vATL)—provides a critical region for the multimodal integration of information. By utilizing distortion-corrected fMRI and an established semantic association assessment (commonly used in neuropsychological investigations), we compared the activation patterns observed for both the verbal and nonverbal versions of the same task. The results are consistent with the two hypotheses simultaneously: Both MTG and vATL are activated in common for word and picture semantic processing. Additional planned, ROI analyses show that this result follows from two principal axes of convergence in the temporal lobe: both lateral (toward MTG) and longitudinal (toward the anterior temporal lobe).

scholarly journals Divergence and convergence of cortical encoding during word reading in bilinguals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujie Geng ◽  
Wanwan Guo ◽  
Kunyu Xu ◽  
Tianye Jia ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Reading ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Core Language

Word reading includes a series of cognitive processes that convert low-level visual characteristics to neural representations. However, the consistency of the neural mechanisms for processing these cognitive components across different writing systems in bilinguals remains inconclusive. Here, we explored this question by employing representational similarity analysis with a semantic access task involving Chinese words, English words and Chinese pinyin. Divergent spatial distribution patterns were detected for each type of brain representation across ideographic and alphabetic languages, resulting in 100% classification accuracy. Meanwhile, convergent cognitive components processing was found in the core language-related regions in left hemisphere, including the inferior frontal gyrus, temporal pole, superior and middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus and supplementary motor areas. Broadly, our findings indicated that the neural basis for word recognition of different writing systems in bilinguals was divergent in spatial locations of neural representations but convergent in functions, which supported and enriched the assimilation-accommodation hypothesis.

Frontotemporal resting state hypoperfusion in patients with major depression - a study using arterial spin labeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 961-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Walther ◽  
O. Höfle ◽  
A. Federspiel ◽  
H. Horn ◽  
W. Strik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle

IntroductionMajor depression is associated with altered neural function in frontal and limbic areas.ObjectivesThe findings have been inconsistent, especially those derived from cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures.AimsTo identify differences in regional CBF between patients and controls using arterial spin labeling (ASL) at rest.Methods20 patients with major depression and 20 matched healthy controls were scanned in the morning with a pCASL-sequence at a 3 T Siemens scanner. Mean Hamilton Depression Score (21 item version) was 26.2 ± 5.7 for patients, mean Beck Depression Inventory scores were 28.9 ± 8.9. Mean age did not differ between groups (39.6 vs. 44.4 years). Whole brain voxelwise T-Tests were correct for multiple comparisons using a False Discovery Rate of q < 0.05.ResultsMean global resting CBF was not different between groups (66.1 vs. 63.0 ml/100 mg/min, T = 0.95, p = 0.35). FDR correction at q < 0.05 led to a T-value threshold of 3.71 (p < 0.001) for group comparison. Hypoperfusion in patients was detected in left middle temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus. Hyperperfusion in patients was seen in the right superior temporal gyrus.ConclusionsASL revealed frontotemporal hypoperfusion in patients with major depression. This is in line with previous work and the current concept of depression. However, we were unable to replicate hyperperfusion in limibic areas.

scholarly journals Dysbalanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity Within the Praxis Network Is Linked to Gesture Deficits in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Wüthrich ◽  
Petra V Viher ◽  
Katharina Stegmayer ◽  
Andrea Federspiel ◽  
Stephan Bohlhalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Parietal Lobule

Abstract Patients with schizophrenia frequently present deficits in gesture production and interpretation, greatly affecting their communication skills. As these gesture deficits can be found early in the course of illness and as they can predict later outcomes, exploring their neural basis may lead to a better understanding of schizophrenia. While gesturing has been reported to rely on a left lateralized network of brain regions, termed praxis network, in healthy subjects and lesioned patients, studies in patients with schizophrenia are sparse. It is currently unclear whether within-network connectivity at rest is linked to gesture deficit. Here, we compared the functional connectivity between regions of the praxis network at rest between 46 patients and 44 healthy controls. All participants completed a validated test of hand gesture performance before resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was acquired. Patients performed gestures poorer than controls in all categories and domains. In patients, we also found significantly higher resting-state functional connectivity between left precentral gyrus and bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobule. Likewise, patients had higher connectivity from right precentral gyrus to left inferior and bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL). In contrast, they exhibited lower connectivity between bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG). Connectivity between right precentral gyrus and left SPL, as well as connectivity between bilateral STG, correlated with gesture performance in healthy controls. We failed to detect similar correlations in patients. We suggest that altered resting-state functional connectivity within the praxis network perturbs correct gesture planning in patients, reflecting the gesture deficit often seen in schizophrenia.

Abnormalities of Cortical Thickness in Pediatric Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095-1104
Author(s):  
Kan Deng ◽  
Rushi Zou ◽  
Bingsheng Huang ◽  
Ping Zeng ◽  
Dong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
And Gender

Objective: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is the most common intractable seizure type of pediatric epilepsy, with alterations in the cortex across the whole brain. The aim of this study is to investigate the abnormalities of cortical thickness in pediatric MTLE-HS. Methods: Subjects were recruited from Shenzhen Children’s Hospital between September 2015 and December 2016. MTLE was confirmed by the experienced neurological physician based on International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) diagnosis criteria, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 3T for quantitative assessment of cortical thickness. A general linear model with age and gender as covariates was used to examine the vertex-wise differences in cortical thickness between 1) left MTLE-HS (LMTLE-HS) and healthy controls (HC), and 2) right MTLE-HS (RMTLE-HS) and HC. The family-wise error corrected significance threshold was set at P < 0.05. Through a combination of probability and cluster-size thresholding, cluster-wise P values were obtained for the resulting clusters. Results: 13 LMTLE-HS, 6 RMTLE-HS, and 20 age-matched HC were finally enrolled in the study. No significant difference in the mean age (LMTLE-HS vs. HC, p=0.57; RMTLE-HS vs. HC, p=0.39) and gender ratio (LMTLE-HS vs. HC, p=0.24; RMTLE-HS vs. HC, p=0.72) was found between MTLE-HS and HC. In LMTLE-HS, cortical thickness was found significantly decreased in the ipsilateral caudal middle frontal gyrus (p=0.012) and increased in the contralateral inferior temporal gyrus (p=0.020). In RMTLE-HS, cortical thickness significantly decreased in the ipsilateral posterior parietal lobe (superior, p<0.001 and inferior parietal gyrus, p=0.03), the anterior parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus, p=0.006), the posterior frontal lobe (precentral gyrus, p=0.04 and the lateral occipital gyrus, p<0.001), and the contralateral lateral occipital gyrus, middle frontal (p<0.0001) and superior frontal gyrus (p<0.001), and pericalcarine cortex (p=0.020). Conclusion: We detected significant cortical abnormalities in pediatric MTLE-HS patients compared with HC. These cortical abnormalities could be explained by specific pathogenesis in MTLE-HS, and may finally contribute to understanding the intrinsic mechanism of MTLE-HS.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences in the Central Nervous System between Different Types of Primary Glaucoma by Multimodal MRI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyang Yao ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yingzi Pan ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Chun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background. To investigate the similarities and differences in the structure and function of the central nerve system (CNS) among normal tension glaucoma (NTG), primary open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure (HTG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients. Methods. Ophthalmic examinations and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. The results of brain functional connectivity (FC) were obtained based on the resting state MRI (rs-fMRI). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to analyze structural images to obtain the volume change in the gray matter on 3D T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). Results. We found that frontal lobe FC increased in all three groups. Temporal lobe FC increased in the NTG group, while the FC of the cingulate gyrus and postcentral gyrus increased in the HTG and PACG groups by rs-fMRI. There were no gray matter volume changes in the NTG, while the gray matter of the frontal gyrus changed in the HTG and PACG. Moreover, the gray matter of the precentral gyrus changed in PACG, and the parietal lobe and supra marginal lobe changed in the HTG. The white matter of the inferior parietal lobe and postcentral gyrus increased, while that in the inferior temporal lobe decreased in the NTG group. The white matter in the HTG and PACG groups showed significant alterations in the medial occipital gyrus. Conclusions. The NTG group had different manifestations compared with the HTG and PACG groups regarding changes in brain structure and function, suggesting that pathogenic processes might differ between patients with normal-tension and high-tension POAG.

scholarly journals Enhanced Cortical Connectivity in Absolute Pitch Musicians: A Model for Local Hyperconnectivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Psyche Loui ◽  
H. Charles Li ◽  
Anja Hohmann ◽  
Gottfried Schlaug
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Left Middle

Connectivity in the human brain has received increased scientific interest in recent years. Although connection disorders can affect perception, production, learning, and memory, few studies have associated brain connectivity with graded variations in human behavior, especially among normal individuals. One group of normal individuals who possess unique characteristics in both behavior and brain structure is absolute pitch (AP) musicians, who can name the appropriate pitch class of any given tone without a reference. Using diffusion tensor imaging and tractography, we observed hyperconnectivity in bilateral superior temporal lobe structures linked to AP possession. Furthermore, volume of tracts connecting left superior temporal gyrus to left middle temporal gyrus predicted AP performance. These findings extend previous reports of exaggerated temporal lobe asymmetry, may explain the higher incidence of AP in special populations, and may provide a model for understanding the heightened connectivity that is thought to underlie savant skills and cases of exceptional creativity.

scholarly journals Altered Brain Structure and Spontaneous Functional Activity in Children With Concomitant Strabismus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yin ◽  
Lingjun Chen ◽  
Mingyue Ma ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Concomitant Strabismus

Strabismus occurs in about 2% of children and may result in amblyopia or lazy eyes and loss of depth perception. However, whether/how long-term strabismus shapes the brain structure and functions in children with concomitant strabismus (CS) is still unclear. In this study, a total of 26 patients with CS and 28 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging examination. The cortical thickness and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were calculated to assess the structural and functional plasticity in children with CS. Compared with HCs group, patients with CS showed increased cortical thickness in the precentral gyrus and angular gyrus while decreased cortical thickness in the left intraparietal sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, right ventral premotor cortex, anterior insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and paracentral lobule. Meanwhile, CS patients exhibited increased ALFF in the prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus, and decreased ALFF in the caudate and hippocampus. These results show that children with CS have abnormal structure and function in brain regions subserving eye movement, controls, and high-order cognitive functions. Our findings revealed the structural and functional abnormalities induced by CS and may provide new insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for CS.

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