scholarly journals Evolvability Tradeoffs in Emergent Digital Replicators

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas LaBar ◽  
Arend Hintze ◽  
Christoph Adami
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolution System ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Replication Machinery ◽  
Biochemical Systems ◽  
The Origin Of Life

The role of historical contingency in the origin of life is one of the great unknowns in modern science. Only one example of life exists—one that proceeded from a single self-replicating organism (or a set of replicating hypercycles) to the vast complexity we see today in Earth's biosphere. We know that emergent life has the potential to evolve great increases in complexity, but it is unknown if evolvability is automatic given any self-replicating organism. At the same time, it is difficult to test such questions in biochemical systems. Laboratory studies with RNA replicators have had some success with exploring the capacities of simple self-replicators, but these experiments are still limited in both capabilities and scope. Here, we use the digital evolution system Avida to explore the interplay between emergent replicators (rare randomly assembled self-replicators) and evolvability. We find that we can classify fixed-length emergent replicators in Avida into two classes based on functional analysis. One class is more evolvable in the sense of optimizing the replicators' replication abilities. However, the other class is more evolvable in the sense of acquiring evolutionary innovations. We tie this tradeoff in evolvability to the structure of the respective classes' replication machinery, and speculate on the relevance of these results to biochemical replicators.

scholarly journals Cui prodest Michel Foucault?

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. C01
Author(s):  
Yuri Castelfranchi ◽  
Nico Pitrelli
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Holy Grail ◽  
The One

Do we have to drag in the thought of Michel Foucault to show the political (and not neutral), partial and local (and not universal and non-historic), active (and not merely transmissive) face of science communication? Do we need the work of the controversial French intellectual to dispute the anxious search – almost a quest like that for the Holy Grail – for the “best practices” in the dissemination of scientific culture? If we read over the pages that Foucault dedicated to words and things, to the archaeology and genealogy of knowledge, to biopolitics, we have few doubts. Two elements, on the one hand the central nature of discourse and “regimes of truth”, on the other the concept of biopower (a “power over bodies”), enable us to reflect both on the important specific features of modern science in comparison with other forms of production and organisation of knowledge, and on the central role of its communication.

Qurʾānic Interpretative Latitude and Human Evolution: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-114
Author(s):  
DS Adnan Majid
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

Muslims today employ various and often conflicting strategies to mitigate contradictions between traditional Islamic teachings and modern science, especially in matters related to the age of the universe and the origin of humans. On the one hand, any scientific theory deemed problematic might be rejected outright; on the other, Islamic texts may be reinterpreted to fully support a novel scientific theory. There is, however, an alternative hermeneutical approach that uses intra-textual analysis to acknowledge “interpretative latitude” in the Qurʾān and other Islamic texts – the possibility that these texts allow for ambiguity and multiple interpretations that may or may not agree with modern science. In this paper, human evolution will serve as a case study of the implementation of this approach via a structured discussion of common Muslim objections to the theory. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the implications of this approach on defining the role of the Qurʾān and on the boundaries of religion and science.

Science Education in India and Feminist Critiques of Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Deepika Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
Education In India

The ‘liberal’ feminist perspective on science problematises the presence of fewer women than men in science and believes that increasing their number would qualify as social change. On the other hand, ‘radical’ critics of modern science argue that science has been deeply involved in the creation, strengthening and subversion of gender inequalities. The liberal strand is much more amenable to direct interventions and aligns well with current educational reforms. But the fundamental questions about science and science education that are raised by the radical strand not just evade agreement, but they also do not lead easily to direct educational implications. In this article, I show that an engagement with these perspectives offers us a chance to reflect on our society, on the place of science in it, and on the role of science education in mediating between science and society. This reflection further encourages us to rethink and reorganise science and science education so that they are more mindful of the gender and other kinds of power dynamics in our society.

scholarly journals Role of Tridosha Siddhanta in the management of Kampavata w.s.r.t Parkinsonism

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ansari Huma ◽  
Dr. Pravin Patil
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

 Ayurveda holistic science is based on entities like dosha, dhatu, and mala. Tridosha (i.e.vata, pitta, kapha) maintains health in an equilibrium state, and imbalance in these dosha develops diseased conditions in individuals. Vata is the only dosha that presides over all the other entities. In the present era, vatavyadhi is the most prevalent disease due to stress, improper sleep, improper diet and lifestyle, and old age. In Ayurveda, various nanatmaja vyadhi of vata has been explained, kampavata vyadhi is one of them. By comparing kampavata vyadhi with modern science most of the clinical features of this disease resemble Parkinson's disorder. Parkinson's disease is a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by rest tremor, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, shuffling gait, and flexed posture.     Hence, the endeavor is made to understand the concept of Tridosha Siddhanta in kampavata vyadhi and turn in the perspective of Parkinson's disease with the Ayurvedic approach.    

Cloransulam Antagonizes Annual Grass Control with Aryloxyphenoxypropionate Graminicides But Not Cyclohexanediones

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff W. Barnes ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Treated Leaf

Field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the potential for antagonism of postemergence graminicides when tank-mixed with cloransulam and to determine the role of herbicide absorption and translocation in observed antagonistic responses. Cloransulam antagonized annual grass control with aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides fluazifop-P, quizalofop, and the prepackaged formulation of fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop. Cloransulam did not affect annual grass control with the cyclohexandiones clethodim and sethoxydim. In the greenhouse, increasing the rate of the graminicides was a more effective strategy for overcoming antagonism for quizalofop than for fluazifop-P or fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop, and success was species dependent. Annual grass control with clethodim, sethoxydim, and glyphosate was not adversely affected by tank mixtures with cloransulam. Control of large rhizome johnsongrass was initially reduced when cloransulam was mixed with sethoxydim, fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop, or quizalofop. By 6 wk after treatment, control of rhizome johnsongrass was antagonized only when cloransulam was mixed with sethoxydim. Rainfall within 1.5 h of application reduced johnsongrass control with glyphosate and sethoxydim but did not affect activity of the other herbicides. Absorption of14C-fluazifop-P and14C-quizalofop into broadleaf signalgrass was not affected by cloransulam 6 or 24 h after treatment. Translocation of14C-fluazifop-P to broadleaf signalgrass shoot tissue above and below the treated leaf was decreased when fluazifop-P was combined with cloransulam. Translocation of quizalofop was not affected by cloransulam.

scholarly journals Laboratory Studies of Anopheles Atroparvus in Relation to Myxomatosis

1956 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Andrewes ◽  
R. C. Muirhead-Thomson ◽  
J. P. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Anopheles Atroparvus ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Summer Temperatures

Anopheles labranchiae atroparvus which have gorged on myxoma-infected rabbits may retain their infectivity for as long as 220 days in a period covering the winter months. Virus titres in infected mosquitoes may also remain stable for several weeks at summer temperatures; virus has been recovered after 36 days in summer.Virus in these Anopheles is, in most instances, to be found only in the head and mouthparts. Survival on mouthparts of killed mosquitoes, on the other hand, has been only for a few days.One strain of virus (Newhaven strain) isolated from wild A. atroparvus produces flat erythematous lesions on intradermal inoculation into rabbits, and deaths occur later than with typical strains.The possible role of over-wintering atroparvus as a reservoir of infection of myxomatosis is discussed.The possibility is considered that transmission of infection by Anopheles is not purely mechanical, but that limited multiplication occurs in the insects.

Plasma Levels of Protein S, Protein C, and Factor X: Effects of Sex, Hormonal State and Age

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (05) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M A Henkens ◽  
V J J Bom ◽  
W van der Schaaf ◽  
P M Pelsma ◽  
C Th Smit Sibinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Protein S ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Normal Ranges

SummaryWe measured total and free protein S (PS), protein C (PC) and factor X (FX) in 393 healthy blood donors to assess differences in relation to sex, hormonal state and age. All measured proteins were lower in women as compared to men, as were levels in premenopausal women as compared to postmenopausal women. Multiple regression analysis showed that both age and subgroup (men, pre- and postmenopausal women) were of significance for the levels of total and free PS and PC, the subgroup effect being caused by the differences between the premenopausal women and the other groups. This indicates a role of sex-hormones, most likely estrogens, in the regulation of levels of pro- and anticoagulant factors under physiologic conditions. These differences should be taken into account in daily clinical practice and may necessitate different normal ranges for men, pre- and postmenopausal women.

On the role of the dispute between "non-possessors" and "Josephites" in the culture of Moscow's prediction

1998 ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
N. S. Jurtueva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Secular Power

In the XIV century. centripetal tendencies began to appear in the Moscow principality. Inside the Russian church, several areas were distinguished. Part of the clergy supported the specificobar form. The other understood the need for transformations in society. As a result, this led to a split in the Russian church in the 15th century for "non-possessors" and "Josephites". The former linked the fate of the future with the ideology of hesychasm and its moral transformation, while the latter sought support in alliance with a strong secular power.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hoinski ◽  
Ronald Polansky
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Michael Polanyi ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Theoretical Science

David Hoinski and Ronald Polansky’s “The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism” shows how the general tendencies of contemporary philosophy of science disclose a return to the Aristotelian emphasis on both the formation of dispositions to know and the role of the mind in theoretical science. Focusing on a comparison of Michael Polanyi and Aristotle, Hoinski and Polansky investigate to what degree Aristotelian thought retains its purchase on reality in the face of the changes wrought by modern science. Polanyi’s approach relies on several Aristotelian assumptions, including the naturalness of the human desire to know, the institutional and personal basis for the accumulation of knowledge, and the endorsement of realism against objectivism. Hoinski and Polansky emphasize the promise of Polanyi’s neo-Aristotelian framework, which argues that science is won through reflection on reality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document