scholarly journals Social Exclusion and Ethnic Segregation in Schools: The Role of Teacher's Ethnic Prejudice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Sule Alan ◽  
Enes Duysak ◽  
Elif Kubilay ◽  
Ipek Mumcu
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Ethnic Prejudice ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prejudicial Attitudes

Abstract Using data on primary school children and their teachers, we show that teachers who hold prejudicial attitudes towards an ethnic group create socially and spatially segregated classrooms. Leveraging a natural experiment where newly arrived refugee children are randomly assigned to teachers within schools, we find that teachers’ ethnic prejudice, measured by an implicit association test, significantly lowers the prevalence of inter-ethnic social links, increases homophilic ties among host children, and puts refugee children at a higher risk of peer violence. Our results highlight the role of teachers in achieving integrated schools in a world of increasing ethnic diversity.

Linking suburban youth in Madrid and Paris. The role of civil society structures in the integration of children from Muslim backgrounds

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 2616-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Eseverri Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Young People ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
State Funding ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

This comparative study focuses on how civil society structures influence youth from a Muslim background in their upward mobility and local belonging (to the neighbourhood and to the city). Under comparison are one banlieue in Paris and one barrio in Madrid, similar in terms of social precarity and yet different in their degree of ethnic and religious diversity, their connection to the city centre, the state funding they receive and their civic participation. In the case of the neighbourhood of San Cristóbal (Madrid), a lack of state investment has resulted in a diminished capacity for civil society to connect young people to new opportunities. However, their daily contact with the city centre, the ethnic diversity in the neighbourhood and collaborative efforts between secular and religious structures work together to foster a sense of mixed belonging among young Spanish Muslims. In contrast, significant investment by the State in the suburb of Les Bosquets (Paris) since the riots in 2005 have indeed linked young people to new opportunities, but at the cost of an institutionalisation of civil society structures. In Les Bosquets, increased ethnic segregation, geographical isolation, and the estrangement of religious and ‘laic’ (i.e. secular) organisations are all responsible for the new sense of malaise felt by youths, thus severely affecting their sense of belonging.

scholarly journals Will a Collectivistic Culture protect your Intellectual Property? Effect of Individualism on Intellectual Property Protection

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Tian Zengrui ◽  
Guillermo Andres Buitrago ◽  
Shoirahon Odilova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights Protection ◽  
Property Rights Protection ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Collectivistic Culture ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ipr Protection

This study is intended to explore the effect of individualism on intellectual property rights protection. Using data from 92 countries, we found out that individualism index has positive and significant effect on IPR protection. More specifically, a 10-point increase in individualism index is associated with 0.4-point increase in IPR index. Moreover, individualism alone seems to explain nearly 45% of cross-national variation in IPR index. The mentioned significant effect remains robust even after considering the role of economic development, democracy, ethnic diversity, economic freedom and legal heritage.

scholarly journals The role of pawnshops in risk coping in early twentieth-century Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Risk Coping

This study examines the role of pawnshops as a risk-coping device in Japan in the early twentieth century, when the poor were very vulnerable to unexpected shocks such as illness. In contrast to European countries, Japanese pawnshops were the primary financial institution for low-income people up to the 1920s. Using data on pawnshop loans for more than 250 municipalities and exploiting the 1918–20 influenza pandemic as a natural experiment, we find that the adverse health shock increased the total amount of loans from pawnshops. This is because those who regularly relied on pawnshops borrowed more money from them than usual, and not because the number of people who used pawnshops increased. Our estimation results indicate that pawnshop loan amounts increased by approximately 7–10 percent due to the pandemic. These findings suggest that pawnshop loans were widely used as a risk-coping strategy.

Ethnic Diversity and Ethnic Discrimination: Explaining Local Public Goods Provision

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1351-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Local Public Goods ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Using Data

Numerous studies have found that ethnic diversity is negatively associated with the provision of local public goods. However, these accounts neglect both the strong role of central institutions in the provision of many “local” public goods and the frequently positive correlation between diversity and the presence of less politically powerful ethnic groups. These factors suggest that existing diversity findings may be explained in some cases by central governments discriminating against areas inhabited by less powerful groups. This hypothesis is tested using data in village-level public goods provision in Northern India, supplemented by data on service provision in Kenyan villages and American cities. While there is evidence that the presence of socially powerful groups is positively associated with service provision, evidence for the diversity hypothesis is weak. The results suggest that failures of public services in diverse areas may reflect larger inequalities within the political system rather than local problems in cooperation.

Ethnic Segregation and Public Goods: Evidence from Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUHKI TAJIMA ◽  
KRISLERT SAMPHANTHARAK ◽  
KAI OSTWALD
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Local Segregation

This article contributes to the study of ethnic diversity and public goods provision by assessing the role of the spatial distribution of ethnic groups. Through a new theory that we callspatial interdependence, we argue that the segregation of ethnic groups can reduce or even neutralize the “diversity penalty” in public goods provision that results from ethnic fractionalization. This is because local segregation allows communities to use disparities in the level of public goods compared with other communities as leverage when advocating for more public goods for themselves, thereby ratcheting up the level of public goods across communities. We test this prediction on highly disaggregated data from Indonesia and find strong support that, controlling for ethnic fractionalization, segregated communities have higher levels of public goods. This has an important and underexplored implication: decentralization disadvantages integrated communities vis-à-vis their more segregated counterparts.

scholarly journals Does the Leader's Ethnicity Matter? Ethnic Favoritism, Education, and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAPHAËL FRANCK ◽  
ILIA RAINER
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data

In this article we reassess the role of ethnic favoritism in sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from 18 African countries, we study how the primary education and infant mortality of ethnic groups were affected by changes in the ethnicity of the countries’ leaders during the last 50 years. Our results indicate that the effects of ethnic favoritism are large and widespread, thus providing support for ethnicity-based explanations of Africa's underdevelopment. We also conduct a cross-country analysis of ethnic favoritism in Africa. We find that ethnic favoritism is less prevalent in countries with one dominant religion. In addition, our evidence suggests that stronger fiscal capacity may have enabled African leaders to provide more ethnic favors in education but not in infant mortality. Finally, political factors, linguistic differences, and patterns of ethnic segregation are found to be poor predictors of ethnic favoritism.

scholarly journals Prejudice and Ethnic Bullying Among Children: The Role of Moral Disengagement and Student-Teacher Relationship

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Maria Iannello ◽  
Marina Camodeca ◽  
Carmen Gelati ◽  
Noemi Papotti
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Ethnic Prejudice ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Student Teacher Relationship ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Low Levels

The identification of factors associated with ethnic bullying within multiethnic schools is a timely social issue. Up to now, ethnic prejudice has been found to facilitate aggression triggered by schoolmates’ cultural background. Yet, there is still a dearth of research about the mechanisms underlying this relation among children. In order to fill this gap, by adopting a social-cognitive developmental perspective on prejudice and morality, this paper investigated the mediating role of moral disengagement in the association between ethnic prejudice and ethnic bullying, as well as the moderating role of closeness with the teacher. A mediation model and a moderated mediation model were applied to data collected from 552 primary school children aged 8–10years. Ethnic prejudice, ethnic bullying, and moral disengagement were assessed through self-reported questionnaires, whereas a questionnaire was administered to teachers to assess the level of closeness with their pupils. Results indicated that ethnic prejudice was directly and positively related to ethnic bullying and that moral disengagement partially mediated this association. This indirect link was particularly strong for children with low levels of closeness with their teachers, whereas it resulted not significant for pupils with high levels of closeness, suggesting that closeness with the teacher might restrain morally disengaged children from enacting ethnic bullying. Implications for research and practice aimed at reducing prejudice and moral disengagement, as well as at promoting positive relationships among children and between pupils and teachers, are discussed.

INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK MENGGUNAKAN METODE ROLE PLAY DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Ansori Ansori
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Flexible Schedule ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Real Action

The use of various methods will greatly help students in achieving learning goals. As role play method is one way mastery of learning materials through the development of imagination and appreciation of students on learning materials. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. To analyze the data in this research using data analysis technique of Miles and Huberman model that is data reduction (Data Reduction), data presentation (Data Display) and conclusion (Conclution Drawing / verification) The findings in this research is innovation of role play method can change paradigm to the new paradigm so that the role of the teacher is more as a facilitator, counselor, consultant, and comrade study Flexible schedule, open as needed Learning directed by students themselves Problem-based, project, real world, real action, and reflection Design and investigation. Computers as tools, and dynamic media presentations.

The role of corporate investment in social responsible practices in the promotion of employees’ organizational citizenship behaviour

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Patrícia Duarte ◽  
José Gonçalves das Neves
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Organizational Survival ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Airline Company

In the current scenario of economic uncertainty, where many organizations struggle harder for reducing costs while improving their competitiveness, employees’ organizational citizenship behaviours might have an enhanced importance for organizational survival and success. A model proposing that corporate engagement in internal socially responsible practices enhances employees’ job satisfaction and consequently increases employees’ extra-role behaviours was tested. Using data obtained from a sample of employees from an airline company (n=133), the model was examined and supported. We have therefore concluded that organizations may foster employees’ extra-role behaviours by investing in corporate socially responsible practices that signal corporate concern with employees and promote job satisfaction.

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