Effects of Green Manure Cropping on Soil Biomass-C and Soil Fertility in Green House Soil

Field experiments were conducted for two crop years at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of enriching wheat residue with legume residue on the productivity and nitrogen uptake of a rice-wheat cropping system and soil fertility. The incorporation of wheat residue had an adverse effect on the productivity of the rice-wheat cropping system. When it was incorporated along with Sesbania green manure, not only did its adverse effect disappear but the response to fertilizer N was also increased. There was no response to fertilizer N when Sesbania green manure was incorporated. When wheat residue was incorporated along with Sesbania green manuring, rice responded significantly to fertilizer N up to 120 kg N ha-1 in the first year and to 60 kgN ha-1 in the second year and at these levels of N, Sesbania + wheat residue gave 0.8 to 1.2 t ha-1 more grain, 0.6-1.0 t ha-1 more straw and 8-15 kg ha-1 more N uptake of rice resulting in 0.04-0.17% more organic C, 3-8 kg ha-1 more available P and 17-25 kg ha-1 more available K content in the soil than wheat residue alone at the same rates of N application. The respective increaseas caused by Sesbania green manure + wheat residue over Sesbania green manure alone were 0.3-0.5 t ha-1 in the grain and straw yield, 1-9 kg ha-1 in the N uptake of rice, 0.02-0.10% in organic C, 1-8 kg ha-1 in available P and 35- 70 kg ha-1 in available K content in the soil. These treatments also gave higher residual effects in succeeding wheat than wheat residue alone. The incorporation of residues of both wheat and Sesbania is thus recommended to eliminate the adverse effect of wheat residue and to increase the beneficial effects of Sesbania green manuring.

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Introduction of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) green manure in rotations of head salads and baby leaf crops under greenhouse

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2016.753 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luigi Morra ◽

Domenico Cerrato ◽

Maurizio Bilotto ◽

Salvatore Baiano

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Green Manure ◽

Soil C ◽

C Balance ◽

Soil Biomass ◽

Starting Point ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

One Year ◽

And Control

This paper deals with the introduction in tunnel-greenhouses of sweet sorghum cultivated in short, summer cycle as green manure with the aim to amend soils with biomass grown on farm. This practice has been spreading in tunnels of Sele river Valley (Salerno, Italy) where baby leaf crops are cultivated in numerous cycles (up to 5-7) per year. Three sorghum varieties for forage or biomass (Goliath, BMR 201 and BMR 333) were cultivated in two farms at Eboli and San Marzano sul Sarno with the aims to study their responses in term of fresh and dry aboveground biomass yielded, C and N content of the biomass incorporated in soil, C balance in amended soils after one year of ordinary cash crop sequences. No differences, with regard to all the parameters measured, were pointed out among the tested varieties in each site. The sorghum cycle lasted 45 days at Eboli, yielding on average 98 and 13 t ha-1 of fresh and dry biomass, respectively; soil biomass incorporation supplied, on average 5.8 t ha-1 of organic carbon and 273 kg ha-1 of total nitrogen. In the farm of San Marzano, sorghum cycle lasted 68 days, yielding 116 and 18 t ha-1 of fresh and dry biomass, respectively; soil biomass incorporation supplied, on average 8 t ha-1 of organic carbon and 372 kg ha-1 of total nitrogen. After one year, the plots amended with sorghum biomass showed a soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration not different from the starting point while SOC decreased in fallow plots. At Eboli, initial SOC content was 12.3 g kg-1, but one year later it resulted 12.3, 12.8, 12.2 and 11.3 g kg-1 in BMR 201, BMR 333, Goliath and control plots, respectively. At San Marzano initial SOC content was 11.4 g kg-1, but one year later it resulted 11, 12, 10.7 and 10.5 g kg-1 in BMR 201, BMR 333, Goliath and control plots, respectively. The annual C balance put in evidence that the green manure with sorghum biomass caused SOC losses higher than those detected in fallow plots let us supposing a prime effect in boosting the soil microbial C mineralization. Only cv BMR 333 in the Eboli trial, pointed out a positive SOC change of 1.8 t ha-1. Further studies are requested to better understand the real efficacy of sorghum cover crop in soil amendment under tunnels devoted to intensive vegetable crop sequence.

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Green Manure/Cover Crops for Recuperating Soilsand Maintaining Soil Fertility in the Tropics

Biological Approaches to Sustainable Soil Systems - Books in Soils, Plants, and the Environment ◽

10.1201/9781420017113.ch30 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 439-452

Author(s):

Roland Bunch

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Green Manure ◽

The Tropics

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Organik Matter: It’s Role in Sustainable Farming of Sugarcane

Perspektif ◽

10.21082/p.v14n1.2015.61-71 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Djajadi Djajadi

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Green Manure ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Soil Health ◽

High Yield ◽

Cane Yield ◽

Sustainable Farming

ABSTRACTOrganik matter has an important role in determining soil health of sugarcane, i.e. soil capacity to support sugarcane to produce sustainable high yield. Soil organic matter influences soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, so that a consequence of declining soil organic matter is poorer soil fertility and lower yield. This paper has an objective to elucidate the important role of organic matter on sustainable farming of sugarcane. The important role of organic matter in soil fertility has been known for a long time before Green Revolution concept was introduced. With more intensity in sugarcane farming and more increasing of sugar demand, application of organic fertilizer started to be substituted by chemical fertilizer. Using green manure and/or biofertilizer has a chance to be spread out to the farmers due to more practical and more efficient than solid organik fertilizer, such as dung manure or compost. Future research should be focusing on the efectivity of green manure and or biofertilzer sources in improving soil fertility and cane yield, minimizing soil pathogen, reducing soil erosion of sugar cane land monoculture, and improving awareness of farmers about soil degradation as consequences of sugarcane monoculture planting for years.Keywords: Organic matter, sugarcane, soil health sustainable farming Bahan Organik: Peranannya dalam Budidaya Tebu BerkelanjutanABSTRAKBahan organik tanah berperan penting dalam menentukan kesehatan tanah tebu, yaitu kapasitas tanah yang dapat mendukung produksi tebu yang tinggi secara berkelanjutan. Kadar bahan organik tanah mempengaruhi sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah. Paper ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan tentang peranan bahan organik dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah pertanaman tebu. Pentingnya peran bahan oganik tersebut sudah disadari dari dulu, sehingga sebelum revolusi hijau penggunaan pupuk organik sudah umum dilakukan petani. Dengan semakin intensifnya budidaya tebu dan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan gula, pemanfaatan pupuk organik sudah jarang dilakukan. Diperlukan usaha untuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kadar bahan organik pada lahan tebu, antara lain berupa gerakan masal dalam bentuk gerakan nasional melalui program aplikasi bahan organik. Pemanfaatan pupuk hijau dan/atau pupuk hayati berpeluang untuk diterapkan karena lebih praktis dan efisien daripada penambahan pupuk organik padat. Penelitian ke depan perlu difokuskan untuk mengkaji jenis-jenis pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati yang efektif memperbaiki kesuburan, dalam menekan serangan penyakit, meminimalkan erosi pada lahan-lahan tebu monokultur, dan meningkatkan kesadaran petani tebu tentang terjadinya degradasi lahan akibat penanaman tebu yang terus menerus.Kata kunci: Bahan organik, tebu, kesehatan tanah, budidaya berkelanjutan

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The effect of leys on soil fertility: I. The effect of management of clover aftermath on the yield of the succeeding wheat crop

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600036261 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 251-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Hanley ◽

W. J. Ridgman ◽

M. G. Barker

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Green Manure ◽

Red Clover ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Consistent Difference ◽

Insufficient Evidence ◽

Seasonal Fluctuations ◽

Series Of Experiments

1. A series of experiments designed to compare the effects on the succeeding wheat crop of five different methods of treating the aftermath of a Broad Red Clover ley is described and the results discussed.2. There was little consistent difference in the effects of using the second crop for hay, for grazing or for green manure by ploughing it in. Bastard fallowing immediately after the first hay crop and taking the second crop for seed both showed large seasonal fluctuations in their effects, but there was insufficient evidence to show if these were due to seed-bed differences.3. In no season was taking the second crop for hay outyielded by any other treatment.

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The impact of diversification of a rice–wheat cropping system on crop productivity and soil fertility

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859602002666 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 139 (4) ◽

pp. 405-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

V. K. SINGH ◽

B. B. SHARMA ◽

B. S. DWIVEDI

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Green Manure ◽

Protein Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Research Centre ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Cropping Intensity ◽

The Impact

Field experiments were conducted at the Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 1996/97 and 1997/98. Each experiment comprised 10 crop sequences: (a) wheat–rice, (b) chickpea–rice, (c) lentil–rice, (d) pea–rice, (e) wheat–mungbean green manure–rice, (f) wheat–Sesbania green manure–rice, (g) wheat–fodder–rice, (h) chickpea–fodder–rice, (i) lentil–fodder–rice and (j) pea–fodder–rice, in a randomized block design with four replications. The crop sequences were compared in terms of economic rice equivalent yield (REY), protein production, apparent nutrient balances and effect on soil fertility status. Amongst crop sequences involving two crops each year (200% cropping intensity), chickpea–rice gave highest REY and protein production. Of the sequences involving three crops each year (300% cropping intensity), chickpea–fodder–rice and wheat–fodder–rice were superior to others. The P balances were positive for all sequences, whereas K balances were generally negative except for sequences involving green manure legumes. Green manuring with Sesbania or mungbean helped restore soil fertility, indicating the advantage of green manure for higher productivity and sustainability of rice–wheat system. Chickpea–rice and chickpea–fodder–rice appeared promising alternatives to rice–wheat crop sequence.

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Relative cost to soil fertility of long-term crop production without fertilization

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps96-071 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 401-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. A. Campbell ◽

F. Selles ◽

J. T. Harapiak ◽

G. P. Lafond

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Green Manure ◽

Soil Degradation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Rotation Phase ◽

N Fertility

An earlier analysis of yield trends of stubble-wheat in six cropping systems, over 35 yr, in a thin Black Chernozemic soil at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, showed that fertilizer improved soil quality, while absence of fertilizer, combined with frequent fallowing, led to soil degradation. The inclusion of a legume green manure crop in the rotation failed to maintain soil fertility, apparently because legumes do not supply P. Because the fertility and stored moisture effects were confounded, we conducted a growth chamber experiment to quantify soil responses to N and P in these six cropping systems. Soil from the top 15-cm of the rotation phase that had just grown two successive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops was used. Various factorial combinations of ammonium nitrate-N and triple superphosphate-P were applied at N/P2O5 rates up to 200/200 kg ha−1. Soil moisture was maintained in the available range. Regression analysis showed that the fallow-wheat-wheat (F-W-W) and continuous wheat (Cont W) systems that had not been fertilized in 35 yr, and which had moderate amounts of NaHCO3-P, only responded to N. In contrast, the green manure (GM)- and hay (H)- containing systems, which had also not been fertilized before had low levels of NaHCO3-P and responded to both N and P. In the field, the yields of wheat grown on stubble in 1991 rated: Cont W (N + P) > F-W-W (N + P) > F-W-W-H-H-H > Cont W > GM-W-W > F-W-W. However, in the growth chamber the rating was: Cont W (N + P) > F-W-W-H-H-H > GM-W-W > Cont W > F-W-W (N + P) > F-W-W. We suggest that the growth chamber results more accurately reflect the present fertility status of these soils, because fertility is no longer confounded with soil moisture. Grain yields in the growth chamber were directly proportional to the previously measured initial potential rate of N mineralization, indicating the value of the latter parameter as a useful index of soil N fertility. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, soil degradation, legumes, fertilizers

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Soil fertility management for organic rice production in the Lao PDR

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1079/raf2006161 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 253-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W. Roder ◽

S. Schürmann ◽

P. Chittanavanh ◽

K. Sipaseuth ◽

M. Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Green Manure ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Production Systems ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Lao Pdr ◽

Rice Production ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Fertility Management ◽

Organic Rice

AbstractRice is the most important agricultural commodity of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), produced largely using traditional methods with limited inputs of fertilizers and other chemicals. The country has a wide diversity in rice production systems and rice varieties, with over 3000 different varieties recorded. The rich diversity and the production environment and methods are favorable for organic rice production. Investigations were carried out to describe soil fertility conditions, management practices, opportunities and problems associated with organic production methods for rice. Soils used for rice production are mostly of low fertility, with low organic matter and N-availability. In spite of this, virtually no fertilizer inputs are used for upland rice production. Inorganic fertilizer inputs for lowland rice production have increased rapidly over the past decade, but are still below 20 kg ha−1. The most important nutrient sources are rice straw and manure from buffalo and cattle. Chromolaena odorata plays an important role in nutrient cycling in upland rice systems and is sometimes added to lowland fields. In a range of fertility management studies, yield increase ranged from 2 to 89% for manure, straw or rice husk applied at modest rates (3 t ha−1), 32–156% for modest rates of inorganic fertilizer (60 kg N ha−1) and 36–167% for combined application of manure or crop residues with inorganic fertilizer. The response to locally produced commercial organic fertilizer was poor. The most promising inputs and strategies available to optimize yields in organic rice production systems are (1) optimizing use of locally available nutrients, mostly from manure, crop residues and weed biomass, (2) N addition through green manure and legumes growing in rotation and (3) additions of P through guano or rock-phosphate. The Lao PDR is fortunate to have substantial bat guano deposits in limestone caves. Extensive experience is available on straw and husk management for lowland systems and green manure species for upland production systems.

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Evaluation of Alternative Legumes for Green Manure and Grain under African Highland Conditions

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700016495 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 109-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. J. Potts ◽

E. Biranguza ◽

C. Bweyo

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Green Manure ◽

Lupinus Luteus ◽

Green Manures ◽

Fresh Material ◽

Short Season ◽

High Aluminium ◽

Cool Conditions

SUMMARYThree species of lupin, three vetches and a soyabean were evaluated as green manures under tropical highland conditions. With moderate soil fertility and 150 days of rain, all lupin types and a locally obtained vetch gave yields of about 80 t ha−1 fresh material. Under less favourable conditions, low soil pH and high aluminium saturation, only Lupinus luteus achieved these yields. During the short season, with about 60 days of rain, the yield of L. luteus was reduced to 30 t ha−1 and establishment of the vetches was slow and they yielded poorly. Growth of soyabean was poor under cool conditions. Under fertile conditions, lupin grain yields of up to 5.2 t ha−1 were obtained in the long season but in the short season, yields were less than 1 t ha−1. Rhizoctonia solani was the major disease encountered.

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Legume Green Manuring Improves Soil Fertility and Plant Growth of Eucalyptus Plantation in south subtropical China

Research in Ecology ◽

10.30564/re.v3i1.2637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kongxin Zhu ◽

Huili Wang ◽

Zuoyu Qin ◽

Jian Tang ◽

Xiaojun Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Green Manure ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Subtropical China ◽

Sesbania Cannabina ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Legume Green Manure

Legume green manure is extensively planted to improve soil fertility in crop field. However, the application of legume in Eucalyptus plantation is still limited and depends on site specific and species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of green manure inter-plantation on soil fertility and plant growth of Eucalyptus plantation in a short term. A field experiment of one year was established to investigate the green manure growth, forest soil nutrients and Eucalyptus plant growth inter-planted with two legume species (Tephrosia candida, TC and Sesbania cannabina, SC) at south subtropical China. Legumes were inter-planted in linear among the tree space of Eucalyptus stand. Result showed that the green manure inter-plantation increased soil organic matter by 9.66% of TC and 18.44% of SC. Soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were improved significantly by the legume treatments as well. The increment of height and diameter in breast height of Eucalyptus during the experiment was significant in legume treatments. Thus, the timber volume increment was improved significantly by 46.81% of TC and 35.47% of SC compared with the control treatment. Therefore, the inter-plantation of legume green manure under the Eucalyptus plantation is effective to improve soil fertility and tree growth. Such a measure is potential and referenced for the sustainable forest management.

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