Biopesticides with complex modes of action: direct and indirect effects of DiTera® on Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth O. Spence ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Plant Defences ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Complex Modes ◽  
Choice Tests

Abstract Bionematicides may exhibit complex modes of action based on: i) direct lethal or sub-lethal effects on the nematode; ii) promotion of plant growth and damage tolerance; and/or iii) influencing the interaction between the plant and the nematode by inducing plant defences. A suite of assays was conducted to characterise the mode of action of the commercial bionematicide DiTera® (Valent Biosciences, Chicago, IL, USA). Agar-based behavioural assays revealed significant chemotactic responses of second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita to DiTera with concentrations of 1.0% and 0.1% being repellent and 0.01% being attractive to M. incognita. In addition, exposure to 1.0% DiTera reduced the velocity and increased the meander of nematodes in no-choice tests. These experiments were complemented with soil-based assays. Rhizotron and minirhizotron assays that allowed spatially explicit evaluation of root growth demonstrated root proliferation of Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rutgers in response to localised applications of DiTera. Our results confirm that DiTera can positively affect plant growth and may influence nematode foraging behaviour. However, results of the soil-based assays provided little support for the hypothesis that DiTera has direct or indirect (plant-mediated) effects on M. incognita performance. This is in contrast to some of the published literature, and it may be that the chosen methods were not appropriate to detect these effects.

scholarly journals Effect of Chitin and Abamectin on Meloidogyne Incognita Infesting Rapeseed

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Korayem ◽  
Mahmoud Youssef ◽  
Moawad Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Untreated Check

Effect of Chitin and Abamectin onMeloidogyne IncognitaInfesting RapeseedThe tested rates of chitin (2, 4 and 8 g/m2) significantly (p ± 0.05 and 0.01) reduced the number of galls, egg masses, females and the second stage juveniles (J2) in oilseed rape cvAD201 under field conditions. The plant growth parameters as length and weight of shoots increased at all rates of chitin compared to the untreated check. When using abamectin at the concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm, it significantly (p ± 0.05) reduced the above listed nematode criteria and enhanced the plant growth criteria.

scholarly journals Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 in Cotton Have Different Effects on the Development of Meloidogyne incognita, the Southern Root-Knot Nematode

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mychele B. Da Silva ◽  
Richard F. Davis ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Robert L. Nichols ◽  
Peng W. Chee
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Nematode Development

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 impart a high level of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in cotton. Breeders had previously backcrossed both QTLs into the susceptible Coker 201 to create the highly resistant M-120 RNR, and we crossed Coker 201 and M-120 RNR to create near-isogenic lines with either qMi-C11 or qMi-C14. Previous work suggests different modes of action for qMi-C11 and qMi-C14. To document individual and combined effects of the QTLs on nematode development and reproduction, Coker 201 (neither QTL), M-120 RNR (both QTLs), CH11 near isoline (qMi-C11), and CH14 near isoline (qMi-C14) were inoculated with M. incognita. At 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, and 30 days after inoculation (DAI), roots were stained to observe nematode developmental stages (second-stage juvenile [J2], swollen second-stage juvenile [SJ2], third-stage juvenile [J3], fourth-stage juvenile [J4], and female), and the number of galls was counted. At 20, 25, 30, and 40 DAI, M. incognita eggs were harvested and counted. At 30 DAI, 80% of the nematodes on Coker 201 were female compared with 50, 40, and 33% females on CH14, CH11, and M-120 RNR, respectively, and greater proportions of nematodes remained in J2 in M-120 RNR (41%), CH11 (58%), and CH14 (27%) than in Coker 201 (9%). More nematodes progressed to J3 or J4 on Coker 201 and CH14 than on CH11 or M-120 RNR. Coker 201 and CH14 had more galls than M-120 RNR. Coker 201 had more eggs than the other genotypes at 30 DAI. Nematode development beyond J2 or SJ2 was significantly reduced by qMi-C11, and development beyond J3 or J4 was significantly reduced by qMi-C14. This study confirms that qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 act at different times and have different effects on the development of M. incognita, and therefore, they have different modes of action.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FERTILIZER FACTORY WASTES ON SEED GERMINATION, PLANT GROWTH AND ROOT-KNOT DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L.) PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Gopal Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Lycopersicon Lycopersicum

In the present research paper studies have been made on fertilizer factory wastes on percent seed germination, root and shoot length of plants and development of root-knot galls by Meloidogyne incognita in five cultivars of tomato. Though all the cultivars showed almost similar impact of fertilizer wastes on seed germination, plant growth and resistance for root-knot disease with little variation. Percent germination of seeds and plant growth was found decreased while the root-knot index was increased along with the increase in concentration of fertilizer wastes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some plant extracts for nemato-toxic potential against juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Gulwaiz Akhter ◽  
◽  
Tabreiz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Toxic Potential

Aqueous leaf extracts were utilized to assess the nematicidal or nematostatic property on second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita. The juvenile were incubate at various concentration of leaf extract viz., 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm. Corrected mortality using Abbot’s formula was recorded after 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively. Correlation coefficient (Pearson) was checked to explain the association between percentages mortality of juvenile with extract concentrations. Linear regression was used to denote concentration and rank dependent outcome of four aqueous plant leaves extracts on the second stage juvenile (J2) mortality. All leaf extracts were found to be nematicidal or nematostatic in property. Maximum juvenile mortality rate was recorded in Xanthium strumarium throughout the incubation period as followed by Acalypha indica, Argemone mexicana and Colocasia gigantean. Concentration depended effect of X. strumarium and C. gigantean proved maximum and minimum level when analyzed by values of regression and correlation. Aqueous leaves extracts of these aforementioned weeds give us an idea about nematicidal properties and therefore may be used as biopesticide in future

scholarly journals Nuclear receptor nhr-48 is required for pathogenicity of the second stage (J2) of the plant parasite Meloidogyne incognita

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Jun Lu ◽  
Bao-Yu Tian ◽  
Yi Cao ◽  
Cheng-Gang Zou ◽  
Ke-Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Plant Parasite

Effect of Oil Cakes and Bio-agents Each Alone and in Combination for Management of Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Green Gram

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-294
Author(s):  
Poornata Jena ◽  
◽  
N. K. Sahoo ◽  
J. K. Mahalik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Am Fungus

A pot experiment was carried out in the net house of Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during June to August, 2017 on the application of oilcakes (mustard cake and neem cake) and bio-agents (Trichoderma viride, Glomus fasciculatum, Rhizobium leguminosarum) each alone and in combination for the management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in green gram. Result of the experiment indicated that soil application of mustard or neem cake @ 50 g m-2 with AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) @ 5 g m-² and seed treatment of Rhizobium @ 25 g kg-1 of green gram seed declined the root knot nematode population, number of galls plant-1, number of eggmass plant-1and root knot index with corresponding increase of plant growth parameters and chlorophyll content in green gram plant as compared to other treatments and untreated check. But integration of mustard cake @ 50 g m-2 at 2 weeks prior to sowing with AM fungus @ 5 g m-2 at 10 days before sowing and seed treatment of Rhizobium @ 25 g kg-1 green gram seed exhibited the lowest M. incognita population 200 cc soil-1 (153.33 J2), number of galls plant-1 (7.0), number of eggmass plant-1 (2.0) and root knot index (2.0) reflecting enhancement of plant growth parameters, number of pods (206.67%), number of nodules (691.17%) over untreated check. This integrated management module also recorded maximum increase in the availability of NPK content in soil and chlorophyll content as compared to other treatments.

scholarly journals Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its management: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Sudeep Subedi ◽  
Bihani Thapa ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Growth Quality

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita stands out among the most harmful polyphagous endoparasite causing serious harm to plants, and distributed all over the globe. RKN causes reduced growth, quality and yield along with reduced resistance of the host against biotic and abiotic stresses. Infective second stage juvenile enters host roots with the help of the stylet and becomes sedentary getting into the vascular cylinder. Dramatic changes occur in host cells, making a specialized feeding site, induced by the secretion of effector protein by RKN. M. incognita can be controlled by nematicides, biocontrol agents, botanicals essential oils and growing resistant cultivars. Nematicides are no longer allowed to use in many parts of the world because of environmental hazards and toxicity to humans and other organisms. Researchers are concentrating on searching suitable alternatives to nematicides for effective management of M. incognita. This review mainly tries to explain the biology of M. incognita and different management options recommended in recent years. However, an effective and economical management of M. incognita remains an immense challenge.

scholarly journals Τhe Nematicidal Potential of Bioactive Streptomyces Strains Isolated from Greek Rhizosphere Soils Tested on Arabidopsis Plants of Varying Susceptibility to Meloidogyne spp.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Christianna Meidani ◽  
Alexandros Savvidis ◽  
Evaggelia Lampropoulou ◽  
Aggeliki Sagia ◽  
Efstathios Katsifas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Culture Supernatants

A total of 461 indigenous Streptomycetes strains recovered from various Greek rhizosphere habitats were tested for their bioactivity. All isolates were examined for their ability to suppress the growth of 12 specific target microorganisms. Twenty-six were found to exert antimicrobial activity and were screened for potential nematicidal action. S. monomycini ATHUBA 220, S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438, S. colombiensis ATHUBA 431, and S. youssoufensis ATHUBA 546 were proved to have a nematicidal effect and thus were further sequenced. Batch culture supernatants and solvent extracts were assessed for paralysis on Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2). The solvent extracts of S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 and S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 had the highest paralysis rates, so these Streptomycetes strains were further on tested for nematodes’ biological cycle arrest on two Arabidopsis thaliana plants; the wild type (Col-0) and the katanin mutant fra2, which is susceptible to M. incognita. Interestingly, S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 and S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 were able to negatively affect the M. incognita biological cycle in Col-0 and fra2 respectively, and increased growth in Col-0 upon M. incognita infection. However, they were ineffective against M. javanica. Fra2 plants were also proved susceptible to M. javanica infestation, with a reduced growth upon treatments with the Streptomyces strains. The nematicidal action and the plant-growth modulating abilities of the selected Streptomycetes strains are discussed.

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