US-Philippines Military Relations After the Mt Pinatubo Eruption in 1991: A Disaster Diplomacy Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Kelman ◽  
Jean-Christophe Gaillard ◽  
Ma. Florina Orillos
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
Military Facilities ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Military Diplomacy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of the 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption on the US-Republic of the Philippines military relations through the lens of disaster diplomacy. Disaster diplomacy focuses on how and why disaster-related activities (e.g. mitigation, prevention and response) do and do not yield diplomatic gains, looking mainly at disaster-related activities affecting diplomacy rather than the reverse. Disaster diplomacy 'pathways', identified in previous studies, help to explain how the Filipino and US governments approached the negotiations for renewing the lease of the US military facilities in the Philippines in the context of two bases being damaged by a volcanic eruption. The paper further addresses six underpinning questions of disaster diplomacy for this case study. These questions assist in answering this paper's central research question: how much did the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo influence US-Philippines military cooperation due to the concurrent diplomatic talks between the two governments regarding the lease renewal for the US bases in the Philippines? The answer is that disaster-related activities due to the Mt Pinatubo eruption had a short-term impact on US-Philippines diplomacy. This impact was seen in the context of significant connections already existing, through the long-standing US-Philippines military links. Over the long-term, non-disaster factors had a more significant impact on US-Philippines military diplomacy than Mt Pinatubo, adding to the list of case studies for which disaster diplomacy's impact was limited.

scholarly journals Pandemic challenges and models of democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Leszek Koczanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Democratic Societies ◽  
Political Form ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Models Of Democracy

Abstract This article examines the impact of a pandemic on democratic societies. The central research question is the extent to which a pandemic can alter the trajectory of social and ethical democratic development nationally and internationally. Therefore, the article examines contemporary controversies in democratic society in the aftermath of a pandemic. The leading hypothesis is that the pandemic should reinforce the need for social solidarity, but it is unclear what political form this need will take: populism or deliberative/nonconsensual democracy.

The elephant in the room of mutual forbearance

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Cem Konduk
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Performing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mutual Forbearance ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain how a multi-market firm develops the motivation to forbear from competition.Design/methodology/approachA two-way fixed effects model with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors investigates the research question with panel data collected from the US scheduled passenger airline industry.FindingsThe results demonstrate that although the interaction of multi-market contact with strategic similarity impairs a firm’s forbearance from competition, the same interaction promotes it as firm performance deteriorates, supporting the hypotheses.Research limitations/implicationsPerformance explains not only how forbearance emerges out of coincidental multi-market contact but also reconciles the mixed evidence for the impact of the two-way interaction between multi-market contact and strategic similarity on forbearance.Practical implicationsAntitrust authorities should pay more attention to low performing firms than to high performing firms in their investigations. Also, managers of multi-market firms should identify multi-market rivals with low performance as targets for the initiation of forbearance.Originality/valueThis study revises the mutual forbearance theory to align it with the accumulating empirical evidence that otherwise refutes its assumption and thereby improves theory’s descriptive and predictive power.

Taking Social Cohesion to Task: Perceptions of Transgender Military Inclusion and Concepts of Cohesion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Spindel ◽  
Robert Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
General Public ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Unit Effectiveness ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unit Cohesion

Abstract Recent political debates over the inclusion of transgender servicemembers in the US military center around the impact such inclusion will have on unit cohesion and effectiveness. Missing from the debate, however, are the perceptions of those who do the soldiering. What are their perceptions of cohesion? Do they, like political leaders and the general public, believe unit cohesion leads to military effectiveness? In other words, how much does the narrative at the elite level—that insists excluding minority groups is a military necessity—match the perceptions of those who serve? Drawing on an original survey of 151 current and former members of the US military, our results suggest that servicemembers’ perceptions mirror those in the general public: political ideology is correlated with beliefs that minority groups disrupt unit cohesion. We find that conservatives are more likely to believe that the inclusion of transgender soldiers will negatively impact cohesion and undermine unit effectiveness. Moreover, conservatives are more likely to endorse a conceptualization of cohesion that hinges on the social—“people like me” or “band of brothers”—dynamics of cohesion rather than more professional, task-oriented conceptions of cohesion. However, military experience affects these perceptions: respondents with combat experience, who held/hold a higher rank, and who are currently serving are more likely to endorse a task-based conception of cohesion that ties cohesion to professionalism and competence, rather than social identity.

Qatari-US military relations: context, evolution and prospects

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahim Saidy
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Arms Sales ◽  
Bilateral Relationship ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Facilities ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Military

Military cooperation is one of the most intriguing dimensions of the Qatari-US relationship. It has progressively evolved, driven by a changing geopolitical landscape and security threats in the Middle East. In fact, it has a significant impact on the overall bilateral relationship, especially economic ties. It rests upon four pillars: a bilateral defence agreement, the use of military facilities, arms sales and military-to-military contacts. This paper analyzes the development of the military relationship that exists between Washington and Doha and offers an assessment of the issues that animate it.

scholarly journals Fearing the stranger? Homiletical explorations in a fear-filled world

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Culture Of Fear ◽  
African Soil ◽  
Politics Of Fear ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Stranger

The large number of xenophobic attacks that broke out in different places in South Africa during 2008 was still continuing unabated 10 years later. We were stressed to come to terms with the reality that this occurred in a country that is globally considered to be an example of reconciliation. It is clear that we were confronted by the politics of fear, which were manifested in xenophobia and all the other -isms. In this article, the primary causes of these xenophobic outbreaks were scrutinised and placed within the wider framework of a culture of fear. The central research question is: Why are we still struggling with this phenomenon more than a decade after it first appeared on South African soil? In-depth analysis will be performed on what is lying behind the culture of fear underlying these acts of violence. After exploring some of the factors related to a culture of fear by making use of a sociological frame, the author moved on to answer a second question: How do we, as preachers, researchers and practical theologians, respond in a theological way to the challenges posed by a xenophobic culture in our preaching activities? Finally, the impact of violence and fear on the practice of preaching within a Christian context was discussed.

Imposing cooperation: the impact of institutions on the efficiency of cooperatives in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-440
Author(s):  
Roberto Martin N. Galang ◽  
Rouselle F. Lavado ◽  
George O. White III ◽  
Jamil Paolo S. Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Organizational Size ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to answer the research question: How do cooperative organizations perform when created by government fiat in an emerging market? Through the use of institutional and agency theory, this paper presents a comparative analysis of the efficiency of the cooperative form of organization and investor-owned firms-investigating how the social–political structures in a community affect the efficiency of cooperatives vis-à-vis investor-owned firms. This paper also attempts to offer a better understanding of how government quality and organizational size influence performance outcomes between different organizational forms specifically in the Philippines. Design Methodology Approach The empirical analysis of this study was conducted among electric distribution utilities in the Philippines. Firm-level data was generated for 133 distributors, consisting of 119 electric cooperatives and 14 investor-owned companies. Panel data regressions were ran to test all hypotheses. Findings Cooperative organizations operate at a less efficient rate than investor-owned firms in the Philippines, even when controlling for firm-specific factors such as size, customer density and profitability. In addition, the efficiency of these cooperative organizations is more strongly influenced by the quality of the local government than investor-owned firms. Originality Value Positive externalities generated by the propagation of cooperatives on local communities may be based primarily on our understanding of how cooperatives have functioned largely in western contexts. Within the context of Southeast Asia, where national socio-political structures may be more dysfunctional, this paper observes that there is an equivalent negative externality caused by the tendency of cooperatives to replicate the political mismanagement of the community around it.

Network-centric emergency response: The challenges of training for a new command and control paradigm

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lt. Col. Mark Stanovich, USMCR
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The last two decades have seen technological innovations that have revolutionized the collection and transfer of information, permitting access to and dissemination of massive amounts of data with unprecedented speed and efficiency. These innovations have been incorporated into virtually every aspect of modern society, from personal communications, to commercial and business processes, to governmental function and military operations. The concept of network-centric warfare (NCW) grew out of these new capabilities and has been a prominent topic in strategic and operational discussions in the US military since the late 1990s.In recent years, the concepts behind NCW have been increasingly applied to emergency response, particularly as responders prepare for an increasingly complex threat spectrum in a post-9/11 world. As emergency responders adopt the technological innovations and organizational concepts that enable network-centric operations, attention should be paid to the lessons learned by the US armed forces in the application of the network-centric approach to war-fighting. Emergency operations centers (EOCs), incident command centers (ICCs), and field personnel will require extensive training and experimentation to sort out the impact of this new technology. They must develop protocols and procedures to leverage maximum advantage, while avoiding the undesirable and damaging effects of that technology improperly applied. Because most emergency response organizations lack the vast training resources of the US military, they must be innovative and adaptable in taking advantage of every opportunity to train their personnel in the assimilation of this new technology.

A retrospective analysis of extended-interval dosing and the impact on bisphosphonate compliance in the US Military Health System

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Devine ◽  
S. Trice ◽  
Z. Finney ◽  
S. Yarger ◽  
E. Nwokeji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Military Health System ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Playing by the Rules: Agency Policy and Procedure in Service Experience of IPV Survivors

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4640-4665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Wood ◽  
Laurie Cook Heffron ◽  
Molly Voyles ◽  
Shanti Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transitional Housing ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Central Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agency Policy

More than 1,800 programs exist in the United States, providing not only shelter but also transitional housing, advocacy and support, transportation, legal aid, and group and individual counseling for women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Shelter and transitional housing provide critical support for survivors, but have also been critiqued for having too many restrictive rules and code of conduct. More information is needed about the impact of rules and agency policy on women seeking services in IPV residential settings. This qualitative study explored the central research question, “How do rules shape IPV residential environment and survivor experiences in services?” Twenty-five women in four programs in two states who were currently residing in IPV residential services were interviewed about their experiences. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methods. Findings indicated rules affect individual survivors’ and families’ experiences and responses in services and of healing from IPV (micro), the relationships among residents and between residents and staff (mezzo), and participants’ relationships with the agency as an institution and the help-seeking community (macro). An intriguing paradox is noted in that at their best, rules provide stability and motivation for some survivors. At their worst, rules create isolation and force exit from shelter into unsafe circumstances, causing a ripple effect of impact. Implications include the need to restructure rules and policies collaboratively with residents, and reduce the amount of rules used in services. Addressing rules will better enable IPV services to be survivor-centered and trauma-informed, ultimately increasing safety and healing.

scholarly journals Stigmatized Love, Boundary Making and the Heroic Love Myth: How Filipina Women Construct Their Relationships with American Military Men

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Reyes;Reyes
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
American Military ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Marriage Migrants ◽  
Boundary Making

This chapter provides an empirical examination of how Filipina women construct their intimate relationships with US military men, and compares marriage migrants with those ‘left behind’ when the US military withdrew from their permanent bases in the Philippines. First, I’ll situate the case in theories on interracial love and marriage. Second, I outline my data and analytic approach. Following this, I focus on my findings. I show how the women talked about the base through the lens of childhood nostalgia. This is important to understand to contextualize their views of US servicemen and provide the backdrop from which these relationships were formed. Next, I show how they draw on love myths to frame their relationships and draw symbolic boundaries around their own relationship and others that may seem similar. Finally, I discuss how they further embraced their familial roles of wife and mother. Being legally or informally married to a US serviceman shapes a woman’s role in her family. Their childhood memories and current conceptions of motherhood and as a wife are interconnected with how they see their relationships with these men.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document