scholarly journals Using Grounded Theory to Examine People's Attitudes Toward How Animals are Used

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldert Vrij ◽  
Karl Nunkoosing ◽  
Sarah Knight ◽  
Julie Cherryman
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
And Gender ◽  
People’S Attitudes

AbstractThis study uses qualitative methodology to examine why people have different attitudes toward different types of nonhuman animal use. Seventeen participants took part in a semi-structured interview. The study used Grounded Theory to analyze the interviews and developed a model that consists of 4 major themes: (a) "attitudes toward animals," (b) "knowledge of animal use procedures," (c) "perceptions of choice," and (d) "cost-benefit analysis. "The findings illustrate that cognitive processing, characteristics of the species of animal being used, and the type of animal use can all influence attitudes toward animal use. Because previous research has focused on participant variables such as age and gender to explain variance in attitudes toward animal use (Furnham & Pinder, 1990; Kellert & Berry, 1981) and measured attitudes toward animal use in general (rather than distinguishing between different types of use) (Armstrong & Hutchins, 1996), these findings can add to knowledge of people's views on animal use. This paper discusses how such views may be justified and maintained.

Why They Fight: How Perceived Motivations for Military Service Shape Support for the Use of Force

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R Krebs ◽  
Robert Ralston ◽  
Aaron Rapport
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
Political Partisanship ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract What shapes public support for military missions? Existing scholarship points to, on the one hand, individuals’ affiliations and predispositions (such as political partisanship and gender), and, on the other hand, factors that shape a rational cost–benefit analysis (notably, mission objectives, the prospects for victory, and the magnitude and distribution of costs). We argue that public opinion is also shaped by beliefs about why soldiers voluntarily enlist. Using novel survey data and an experiment, deployed to a nationally representative sample of Americans, we test how four conceptions of soldiering affect support for a prospective military operation. We find, in observational data, that believing that a soldier is a good citizen or patriot bolsters support for the mission, while believing that a soldier has enlisted because he wants the material benefits of service or has “no other options” undermines support. These results support our causal argument: Americans’ attitudes toward military missions are shaped by their perception of whether the soldier has consented to deployment rather than by feelings of social obligation. This article has implications for debates on the determinants of public support for military missions and the relationship between military service and citizenship in democracies.

scholarly journals “I would like to see that one is able to say I’m proud of being a citizen of the EU…” – the way Hungarian people see Europe and the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-135
Author(s):  
Borbála Göncz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Main Question ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Subject ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Emotional Approach ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the concepts of Europe, Europeanism and European Union, their meaning to Hungarians, how people define them and how they relate to these concepts through the analysis of qualitative in-depth interviews. The main question is whether the discourse, expressing attitudes towards Europe and the European Union, are of symbolic or utilitarian character. The symbolic way to relate to the EU is based on principles, an ideological or an emotional approach of the subject, while the pragmatic or utilitarian logic is based on rational cost-benefit analysis. The main argument of this current paper is that the way Hungarians tend to relate to the EU is rather utilitarian and it is the utilitarian logic that represents the relevant frame to understand people’s attitudes on the subject.

scholarly journals AN APPROACH FOR THE MULTI-CRITERIA DERIVATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT POTENTIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 977-986
Author(s):  
F. Laufer ◽  
D. Roth ◽  
H. Binz
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Different Types

AbstractLightweight potential is a powerful indicator – but not as powerful as it could be. Current methods for analyzing a product's potential to be reduced in mass only deal with a few of the most important criteria for lightweight design. This paper presents an approach transferring cost-benefit analysis to the holistic derivation of lightweight potential. The approach is able to deal with different types of criteria supporting the designer in indentifying the most promising components for mass reduction. An evaluation example is given showcasing a tooling machine.

A Grounded Theory on the Relation of Time Awareness and Perceived Valence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 316-340
Author(s):  
Sonja Ehret ◽  
Anna K. Trukenbrod ◽  
Vera Gralla ◽  
Roland Thomaschke
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
High Time ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Time Awareness

The subjective experience of time has many different facets. The present study focused on time awareness and its antipode timelessness as an expression of the extent one focuses on the passage of time. In an exploratory mixed-methods study, we investigated different extents of this time awareness and their relation to perceived valence of the environment, different states of consciousness, and strategies to cope with doing nothing. Thirty-three participants were tested for one hour or more with sitting and exploring as the within-subjects factor. For each condition, they stayed in one of two libraries characterized by their contemplative architecture. Then, participants answered quantitative questionnaires on their time experience and perceived valence and participated in a semi-structured interview. By means of grounded theory, we extracted four different types of time awareness from the qualitative data, of which three corresponded to the results of a cluster analysis on the dimensions of time awareness and perceived valence of the environment. In line with previous literature, we found relations between unpleasant high time awareness and boredom and pleasant low time awareness and flow. Additionally, the data revealed a pattern of high time awareness and positively perceived valence that was mainly experienced while sitting. Possible connections to states of consciousness such as relaxation, idleness, and a mindful attitude are outlined. Real-life settings, long durations, and level of activation are discussed as possible fostering factors for finding this pattern.

The Experiences of Trainee Psychiatrists Learning a Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Model: A Grounded Theory Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeva Cohen ◽  
Simon Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Psychotherapy Training ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Grounded Theory Study ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Training Case

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the experience of trainee psychiatrists learning a psychodynamic psychotherapy model. Method: An audio taped, semi-structured interview of 12 participants was conducted, and a grounded theory, qualitative methodology used to analyse the interviews. Results: The central concept of ‘a daunting task’ was developed and linked to the major categories of ‘trainee: shock and awe’, ‘patient: protected and feared’, ‘supervisor: disappointing or admired/revered’ and the ‘wider context: doing and learning psychiatry in the 21st century’. Conclusions: The study identified several factors in each of the major categories that contributed to the experience of the psychodynamic psychotherapy training case as daunting. Despite this, the participants in the study universally identified the importance of psychiatrists being psychodynamically informed, and the importance of the training case in facilitating this.

scholarly journals VoIP Security: A Performance and Cost-benefit Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Levi Perigo, Rahil Gandotra, Dewang Gedia, Moiz Hussain, Praniti Gupta, Shirin Bano, Vineet Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Voice Over Ip ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mixed Networks ◽  
Ipv6 Networks

Voice over IP (VoIP) has become the standard technology for telephony and has replaced the old Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). This research focuses on the security aspect of VoIP systems. Unsecured VoIP systems are vulnerable to malicious attacks. However, the overhead of the security techniques hampers the performance of VoIP systems. This research analyzes how a VoIP system performs with different security techniques. The performance of the VoIP system is analyzed on different types of data networks such as IPv4, IPv6, and IPv4/IPv6 mixed networks, and in scenarios such as with and without network traffic. Additionally, the research includes a cost-benefit analysis of the security techniques, to determine their cost effectiveness. Based on the performance analysis and cost-benefit analysis, this research proposes three security techniques that can be applied to VoIP systems deployed on IPv4, IPv6, and IPv4/IPv6 networks.

scholarly journals MOTIVATION OF YOUNG IT PROFESSIONALS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gribanova ◽  
Anna Abeltina
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Young Professionals ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Life Values ◽  
International Companies

The research answers the following question: what actions do organizations undertake to attract and retain young IT professionals and how do they correspond with expectations of young IT specialists? In order to get information about life values of young professionals, their expectations and apprehen-sions, in this research qualitative methodology and semi-structured interview method were used. All the respondents were conditionally divided in accordance to the companies they are employed with into international companies, big Latvian companies and modern IT companies. The research showed that different types of companies use different strategies to attract, retain and motivate young IT specialists. International companies try to satisfy the needs of young professionals for self-expression, freedom and self-realization. Big Latvian companies try to create environment where employees feel their dependence from the organization and are afraid to lose their jobs. Modern IT companies shape attachment to the company and create desire to make this company more compet-itive.

Children’s Cost-Benefit Assessment of Lies Across Three Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Xinran Guo ◽  
Philippe Rochat
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Benefit Assessment ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Child Friendly

We examined 4- to 11-year-old children’s evaluation of six types of lies arranged along a cost-benefit assessment model factoring both the lie-teller and the lie recipient. Children were from three distinct cultural environments: rural Samoa (n = 99), urban China (n = 49), and urban U.S. (n = 109). Following the simple script of six different stories involving a lie-teller and a lie recipient, children were asked to evaluate the character who lied and whether it deserved reward or punishment using a child-friendly Likert scale. From the time children produce both anti- and prosocial lies, our results show that their evaluation of lies rests on a cost-benefit analysis of both the lie-teller and the lie recipient. Such analysis varies depending on age, type of lie, and the child’s cultural environment. In general, Samoan children tended to rate lies more negatively, and they were less differential in their evaluation of the different types of lies compared to both Chinese and U.S. children. We interpret these results as reflecting the differences across cultures in explicit moral teaching and children’s relative experience in resource allocation.

Some Empirical Evidence on Machine Tool Deterioration and its Use in Projecting Machine Tool Requirements

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
H. J. Steudel
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Sales Forecasts ◽  
Machine Productivity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Using Data

This paper presents the results of research efforts to estimate the rate at which machine tools deteriorate. A relationship between machine tool deterioration based on component wearout “failures,” and the resulting decline in the productivity of the machine is defined and used as an aid in planning machine tool overhauls and replacements. Deterioration rates for 35 different types of machine tools are estimated via regression analysis using data obtained from a survey on the collective experiences and policies of U.S. industries on over 15,000 machine tools. The results show that different types of machine tools deteriorate at significantly different rates. This information is then embodied in a computerized planning model which incorporates product line sales forecasts, current machine utilization patterns, and machine productivity related to deterioration factors. The planning model can assist manufacturing managers by identifying machine tools which are good candidates for further detailed cost-benefit analysis concerning replacement or overhaul.

Informal Education of Energy Conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang-Kun Chen ◽  
Yih-Ruey Juang ◽  
Sheng-Hua Chang ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Energy Education ◽  
School Based ◽  
Different Types

Since there is about seventy percent of population in Taiwan acquiring knowledge of energy conservation through informal education, the non-school based energy education is growing more important. In this paper a brief survey of informal education of energy conservation in Taiwan is conducted. First of all, a variety of instructional scenarios available for informal education are reviewed, including museums, communities, and many others. Secondly, the strategies to promote informal education, such as TV ads, print media advertising, network communication, speaking tour, leaflet distribution, workshop, demonstrations, eco-tour, community colleges, and prize events, are discussed based on cost-benefit analysis. Furthermore, the influence of each strategy on the population’s knowledge of energy conservation is estimated statistically. The effectiveness of different types of informal education is compared based on their economic cost, learning outcome, and acceptance rate. As a conclusion, a suggestion to improve the energy education policy is proposed. This study has been devoted to finding the curriculum theories and strategies applicable in designing curriculum for informal education, and to providing a theoretical basis on which environmental protection education curriculum can be developed.

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