scholarly journals The Sociology of Civilisations: Ibn Khaldun and a Multi-Civilisational World Order

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 516-546
Author(s):  
Ali Nizamuddin ◽  
Recep Şentürk
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Societal Relations

AbstractDue to advancements in telecommunications and transportation over the past century, the world is shrinking and physical boundaries are being eroded. The advent of globalization has facilitated the flow of ideas, values, goods, and people from one part of the world to another. This hyperbolic human activity has altered the structure of inter-civilizational relations and has spawned a spirited debate on how to create a multi-civilizational world order. This paper is critical of contemporary approaches on the subject that envisage the primacy of one civilization on the one hand and a clash among civilizations on the other. By examining Ibn Khaldun's theory of 'Umrān and the discipline of Fiqh, it argues that these concepts remain relevant for our understanding of the human condition today. While the theory of Umrān analyzes political and economic relations at the macro-level, Fiqh tries to arrange societal relations at the micro-level. This paper also studies the Ottoman legacy since the Ottoman state was founded on Fiqh and the Millet system. It proved to be successful in preserving pluralistic communities based on principles of autonomy and mutual coexistence. Even though Ibn Khaldun was one of the pioneers in the field of civilizational studies, his seminal work is largely neglected in scholarly circles today, both Muslim and non-Muslim alike. The present inquiry seeks to address this shortcoming.

scholarly journals CONTAMPORARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT’S FACTORS

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Irina Afanasyeva
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Global World

At the turn of the third Millennium, significant changes have affected the global world. The contemporary world economy, the world order, international organizational and economic relations are all involved in the intensive process of global development. There is no country in the world that is able to form and implement foreign economic policy without taking into account the behavior of other participants within the world economic system. Scientific and practical analysis of the subject area of the existing research has predetermined the key objective of this article – to determine the factors of contemporary global development.

Area Studies and Desire: Towards a Genealogy

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Hye-Joon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Western Area ◽  
The World ◽  
38Th Parallel ◽  
The One

Area studies, as a newly fashionable field of academic research, needs to recognize its less likely precedents if it is going to secure for itself a fresh start. The question of “desire” is relevant here because it indicates the less value-free aspects in its genealogy. As shown in Emma Bovary's embellished representation of Paris at her provincial home, an understanding of an area often reflects the particular needs and desires of the one who understands that area. Such restricted and restricting views of an area repeats itself outside the world of literary fictions, as is shown by the example of Guizot's picture of Europe in which his own country is given a privileged place as the very center of Western civilization itself. An instructive case showing the thin line between the projected desire of one who strives to know a geographical area and the scientific purity of the labor itself is further offered by Napoleon Bonaparte's heavy reliance on Orientalist scholarship in his invasion of Egypt. Moving further east from Egypt to China, we witness the denigrating remarks on China made by the great German thinkers of the past century, Hegel and Weber. Although their characterization of Chinese culture could find echoes in unbiased empirical research, they reveal all the same the trace of Europeans' desire to affirm their superiority over the supposedly inferior and false civilization of the East. Similarly, the Americans who divided the Korean peninsular at the 38th Parallel, with unquestioning confidence in their knowledge of the area and in the justice of their action, rightfully deserve their place in the tradition of Western area studies of serving the needs to dominate, control and exploit an objectified overseas territory. He assumed that words had kept their meaning, that desires still pointed in a single direction, and that ideas retained their logic; and he ignored the fact that the world of speech and desires has known invasions, struggles, plundering, disguises, ploys. From these elements, however, genealogy retrieves an indispensable restraint: it must record the singularity of events outside of any monotonous finality; it must seek them in the most unpromising places, in what we tend to feel is without history—in sentiments, love, conscience, instincts; it must be sensitive to their recurrence, not in order to trace the gradual curve of their evolution, but to isolate the different scenes where they engaged in different roles. — Michel Foucault, “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History” (Foucault 139–40).

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of Development of the International Market of Transport Services

2020 ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Dubytskyi ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Bodak ◽  
Nadiya Kuts ◽  
Yuri Bulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
International Market ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
The One ◽  
Further Development

The current situation in the world economy is characterized by varying degrees of development of national economies and their openness to participate in international economic relations, the saturation of trade flows at different stages of cooperation between countries, increasing passenger flows, on the one hand, and insufficient economic development. base, a small number of modern studies of the methodological basis for the functioning of the transport and logistics complex in modern science, on the other hand, cause an objective need for mentioned places, the role and importance of transport services as an important economic category. The structural shifts that determine the movement of world production and international trade are largely determined by the transformations taking place in the world transport complex. No foreign trade operation can be imagined without the participation of transport, in any case, the goods must be delivered from seller to buyer. Transport service - a service for the performance of the contract of carriage of people and goods. In the implementation of foreign trade, road transport has certain advantages over other modes of transport: maneuverability, delivery of goods "door to door"; urgency and regularity of delivery; delivery can be organized according to the system "just in time" (exactly on time); packaging (required in smaller quantities or not required at all). This article examines the trends and prospects for the development of the international market of transport services. The question of the current state of the freight market is stated. The main problems of the international market of transport services are clarified. The factors influencing the further development of the market of transport services are determined. Substantiated tasks in the field of international agreements in the field of road transport. The study allows us to consider and analyze important areas of innovative development and application of modern technologies in the field of transport. Prospects for further development of freight transportation are considered and generalized.

scholarly journals THE ADVANTAGES OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY TO BE AN IDEAL LEADER ACCORDING TO IBNU KHALDUN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Kasmuri Selamat ◽  
Irma Handayani ◽  
Akhyar Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal leader is an expectation for every society in the world. Leadership is a relationship between the influence of the leader and the one being led. Leadership also functions to execute power to invite, influence, guide, mobilize and build other people to do something to achieve certain goals. To implement, Islam provides normative and philosophical bases on the principles of leadership. These principles include deliberation, fairness, gentleness, freedom of thought, synergy in building togetherness. The principles taught by Islam are in line with the thoughts of one of the Islamic philosophers, Ibn Khaldun. Furthermore, he emphasized that the social solidarity factor is crucial to become an ideal leader.

The Animistic Way: Contemporary Paganism and the Posthuman

Poligrafi ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
Victoria Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Julia Kristeva ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relational Ontology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Human World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Paganism

This article aims to explore the affinities between contemporary Paganism and the posthuman project in how they approach the non-human natural world. On the one hand, posthumanism explores new ways of considering the notion of humans and how they are linked with the non-human world. On the other hand, Neopaganism expands this reflection to the spiritual domain through its animistic relational sensibility. Both perspectives challenge the modern paradigm where nature and humans are opposed and mutually disconnected. They instead propose a relational ontology that welcomes the “different other.” This integrated relationship between humans and the “other than human” can be understood through the semiotic Chora, a notion belonging to Julia Kristeva that addresses how the subject is not symbolically separated from the world in which it is contained.

Ibn al-‘Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164–1240)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Robinson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Inner Experience ◽  
Divine Essence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
One And Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Southeast Spain ◽  
The Way

Ibn al-‘Arabi was a mystic who drew on the writings of Sufis, Islamic theologians and philosophers in order to elaborate a complex theosophical system akin to that of Plotinus. He was born in Murcia (in southeast Spain) in AH 560/ad 1164, and died in Damascus in AH 638/ad 1240. Of several hundred works attributed to him the most famous are al-Futuhat al-makkiyya (The Meccan Illuminations) and Fusus al-hikam (The Bezels of Wisdom). The Futuhat is an encyclopedic discussion of Islamic lore viewed from the perspective of the stages of the mystic path. It exists in two editions, both completed in Damascus – one in AH 629/ad 1231 and the other in AH 636/ad 1238 – but the work was conceived in Mecca many years earlier, in the course of a vision which Ibn al-‘Arabi experienced near the Kaaba, the cube-shaped House of God which Muslims visit on pilgrimage. Because of its length, this work has been relatively neglected. The Fusus, which is much shorter, comprises twenty-seven chapters named after prophets who epitomize different spiritual types. Ibn al-‘Arabi claimed that he received it directly from Muhammad, who appeared to him in Damascus in AH 627/ad 1229. It has been the subject of over forty commentaries. Although Ibn al-‘Arabi was primarily a mystic who believed that he possessed superior divinely-bestowed knowledge, his work is of interest to the philosopher because of the way in which he used philosophical terminology in an attempt to explain his inner experience. He held that whereas the divine Essence is absolutely unknowable, the cosmos as a whole is the locus of manifestation of all God’s attributes. Moreover, since these attributes require the creation for their expression, the One is continually driven to transform itself into Many. The goal of spiritual realization is therefore to penetrate beyond the exterior multiplicity of phenomena to a consciousness of what subsequent writers have termed the ‘unity of existence’. This entails the abolition of the ego or ‘passing away from self’ (fana’) in which one becomes aware of absolute unity, followed by ‘perpetuation’ (baqa’) in which one sees the world as at once One and Many, and one is able to see God in the creature and the creature in God.

Ut musica poesis: Music and Poetry in France in the Late Sixteenth Century

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Mayer Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
World Order ◽  
Pierre De Ronsard ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Crucial Part

By praising rulers, whose magnificence formed a crucial part of the world order, Pierre de Ronsard and his French colleagues in the second half of the sixteenth century often depicted the world not as it was but as it ought to be. This idea informs Margaret McGowan's book on ideal forms in the age of Ronsard, in which she explores the ways poets and painters extolled the virtues and the theatrical magnificence of perfect princes following the Horatian dictum ut pictura poesis: as is painting so is poetry. McGowan demonstrates the virtuosity of the painters and poets of the sixteenth century in shaping their hymns of praise from the subject matter and ideals of ancient Greece and Rome by following Horace's advice to regard paintings as mute poems and poems as speaking pictures. McGowan shows how artists and intellectuals pursued their goals by creating four kinds of ideal form: iconic forms, sacred images derived from classical literary sources offering princes some guarantee of immortality; triumphal forms that evoke the heroic imperial past; ideal forms of beauty to be found in contemplating the beloved; and dancing forms that mirror rituals of celebration. McGowan claims that such ideal forms were intended to enlighten the ruler himself as much as they celebrated his grandeur in the eyes of others.

scholarly journals The Dialogue between Theology and Science as an Open-Ended Hermeneutics of the Human Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1338-1355
Author(s):  
Alexei V. Nesteruk
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
Theology And Science ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
Theology And Philosophy ◽  
The Human Condition

This paper represents a direct continuation and development of my stance on the sense of the dialogue between theology and science as it is seen through the eyes of phenomenological philosophy and its extension towards theology. I further interpret the paradoxical position of humanity in the world (being an object in the world and subject for the world) to be the cause in the split between science and theology. Since, according to modern philosophy, no reconciliation between two opposites in the hermeneutics of the subject is possible, the whole issue of the facticity of human subjectivity as the sensebestowing centre of being acquires theological dimensions, requiring new developments in both theology and philosophy. The intended overcoming of the unknowability of man by himself, tacitly attempted through the “reconciliation” of science and theology (guided by a purpose to ground man in some metaphysical substance), is not ontologically achievable, but demonstrates the working of formal purposefulness (in the sense of Kant). Then the dialogue between theology and science can be considered as a teleological activity without a purpose representing never-ending hermeneutics of the human condition

scholarly journals DIGITAL ACCOUNTS AFTER DEATH: A CASE STUDY IN IRAN LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 153-182
Author(s):  
Abbas Mirshekari ◽  
Ramin Ghasemi ◽  
Alireza Fattahi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Information ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

In recent times, cyberspace is being widely used so that everyone has a digital account. It naturally entails its own legal issues. Undoubtedly, one of the main issues is that what fate awaits the account and its content upon the account holder’s death? This issue has been neglected not only by the primary creators of digital accounts but also by many legal systems in the world, including Iran. To answer this question, we first need to distinguish between the account and the information contained therein. The account belongs to the company that creates it and allows the user to use it only. Hence, following the death of the account holder, the account will be lost but the information will remain because it was created by him/her and thus belongs to him/her. However, does this mean that the information will be inherited by the user’s heirs after his/her death? Can the user exercise his/her right to transfer account content to a devisee through a testament? Comparing digital information with corporeal property, some commentators believe that the property will be inherited like corporeal property. This is a wrong deduction because the corporeal property can disclose the privacy of the owner and third parties less than the one in cyberspace. This paper aims to show what happens to a digital account after its user passes away and examine the subject using the content analysis method in various legal systems in the world, especially in Iran as a case study. The required information is collected from law books, articles, doctrines, case laws, and relevant laws and regulations of different countries. To protect the privacy interests of the deceased and others, it is concluded that the financially valuable information published by the account holder before his/her death can be transferred to successors. As a rule, the information that may violate privacy by divulging should be removed. However, given that this information may be a valuable source in the future to know about the present, legislators are suggested to make digital information, which may no longer lead to the invasion of the decedent’s privacy, available to the public after a long time.

scholarly journals Australia’s Pursuit of Place in the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Power And Powerlessness ◽  
Material Power ◽  
Central Claim

Australia’s place on the world stage has evolved dramatically over the past century. Although no longer preoccupied with isolation from the British Empire, Australia grapples with the challenges of its proximity at the apex of a diverse and dynamic Indo-Pacific. While holding out the aspirations of regional power with global interests, the island continent continues to be plagued by anxiety in its pursuit of place in a contested world. This chapter explores the contours of Australia’s contemporary place-making project. Recognizing the complexity of the subject matter, in which dimensions of history, memory, geography, economics, and culture collide, the chapter draws on the nation’s diplomatic practice as a lens through which to view the competing forces of change and continuity at play. It begins by noting that the theoretical underpinnings of Australian diplomacy raise interrelated concerns about material power and powerlessness, national security, and broad cultural values, all of which contribute to Australia’s evolving sense of place over key points in time. Despite claims that Australia’s approach to the outside world is gripped by repetitive impulses to ‘engage or retreat’, this chapter finds that ultimately, the nation’s place-making project tends towards openness over insularity, engagement over isolation, and activism over passivity. The central claim is that Australia’s constructive, yet pragmatic style of diplomacy—in its many forms—plays a critical though undervalued role in positioning the nation on the global and regional stage.

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