Taxonomic status of Triturus vittatus (Amphibia: Salamandridae) in western Turkey: trunk vertebrae count, genome size and allozyme data

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Diploid Nucleus ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Modal Number ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
Western Group

AbstractThe banded newt, Triturus vittatus is suggested to consist of two species (T. ophryticus and T. vittatus). The northern taxon, T. ophryticus, is subdivided into two geographic fragments: the "western group" of populations from western Anatolian Turkey, and the "eastern group" distributed in the remaining part of the Pontic Turkey and western Caucasus. The western samples are characterized by a peculiar combination of various features. In this group the modal number of trunk vertebrae is equal to 12, like in T. v. vittatus and T. v. cilicensis, whereas the eastern group of T. ophryticus has 13 vertebrae. The amount of DNA per diploid nucleus, determined by flow cytometry, is higher in the western group (66.8-68.8 pg vs. 62.5-63.7 pg in the eastern group). Significant differences between both groups of T. ophryticus were revealed in allozymes (DNei'72 = 0.383 in average) as well. We allocate the western group of T. ophryticus to a separate subspecies, Triturus ophryticus nesterovi, subsp. nov. A paleogeographic scenario for T. vittatus and other newts is proposed. The taxonomic structure of the paraphyletic genus Triturus is discussed. We proposed to split the genus in four monophyletic genera Triturus sensu stricto, Lophinus, Mesotriton and Ommatotriton.

scholarly journals Rutile Mineral Chemistry and Zr-in-Rutile Thermometry in Provenance Study of Albian (Uppermost Lower Cretaceous) Terrigenous Quartz Sands and Sandstones in Southern Extra-Carpathian Poland

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Jakub Kotowski ◽  
Krzysztof Nejbert ◽  
Danuta Olszewska-Nejbert
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Provenance Study ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
Western Group ◽  
Quartz Sands ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Eclogite Facies ◽  
Zr In Rutile

The geochemistry of detrital rutile grains, which are extremely resistant to weathering, was used in a provenance study of the transgressive Albian quartz sands in the southern part of extra-Carpathian Poland. Rutile grains were sampled from eight outcrops and four boreholes located on the Miechów, Szydłowiec, and Puławy Segments. The crystallization temperatures of the rutile grains, calculated using a Zr-in-rutile geothermometer, allowed for the division of the study area into three parts: western, central, and eastern. The western group of samples, located in the Miechów Segment, is characterized by a polymodal distribution of rutile crystallization temperatures (700–800 °C; 550–600 °C, and c. 900 °C) with a significant predominance of high-temperature forms, and with a clear prevalence of metapelitic over metamafic rutile. The eastern group of samples, corresponding to the Lublin Area, is monomodal and their crystallization temperatures peak at 550–600 °C. The contents of metapelitic to metamafic rutile in the study area are comparable. The central group of rutile samples with bimodal distribution (550–600 °C and 850–950 °C) most likely represents a mixing zone, with a visible influence from the western and, to a lesser extent, the eastern group. The most probable source area for the western and the central groups seems to be granulite and high-temperature eclogite facies rocks from the Bohemian Massif. The most probable source area for the eastern group of rutiles seems to be amphibolites and low temperature eclogite facies rocks, probably derived from the southern part of the Baltic Shield.

Disentangling the Sudanonautes granulatus (Balss, 1929) species complex (Potamoidea: Potamonautidae), with the description of two new freshwater crabs from Nigeria and Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4948 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
NEIL CUMBERLIDGE ◽  
PIERRE A. MVOGO NDONGO ◽  
PAUL F. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Freshwater Crabs ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

The taxonomic status of the widely distributed West and Central African freshwater crab Sudanonautes granulatus (Balss, 1929) sensu lato is revised in the light of improved morphological evidence which indicates that this taxon is a complex comprising at least 4 species: Sudanonautes granulatus (Balss, 1929) sensu stricto from Togo, S. koudougou n. sp. from Côte d’Ivoire, S. umaji n. sp. from Nigeria, and S. tiko from Cameroon, Nigeria, and Bioko. Diagnoses, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for these species and they are compared with congeners from West and Central Africa. 

Electrophoretic characterization of Solomon Islands populations of Nyctimene and Rousettus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Macaranas ◽  
D Colgan ◽  
S Ingleby
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Bismarck Archipelago ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Two Populations

The taxonomic status of fruitbats belonging to the genera Nyctimene and Rousettus from the Solomon Islands was investigated using allozyme electrophoresis. Two populations from the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea) were included as reference profiles. The allozyme data at 23 loci assigned all specimens into either Nyctimene albiventer or Nyctimene major. The N. albiventer specimens comprised two subspecies, N. a. papuanus from the Bismarck Archipelago and N. a. bougainville from the Solomon Islands. No support was evident for bougainville being a separate species, and indeed the data suggest that N. a. bougainville encompasses the previously described species N. malaita and subspecies N. a. minor. Genetic distances between populations of R. amplexicaudatus from the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands were generally low, supporting recent morphological assessments that the subspecies hedigeri, from the majority of the Solomon Islands, should be considered synonymous with subspecies brachyotis. An individual from Choiseul (Solomon Islands) with a distinctive allozyme profile is the only evidence of taxonomic complexity in R. amplexicaudatus.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics and Phylogenetic Analyses Suggest Several Novel Species within the Genus Clavibacter, Including Nonpathogenic Tomato-Associated Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Osdaghi ◽  
Touraj Rahimi ◽  
S. Mohsen Taghavi ◽  
Maryam Ansari ◽  
Sadegh Zarei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Canker Disease

ABSTRACT Members of the genus Clavibacter are economically important bacterial plant pathogens infecting a set of diverse agricultural crops (e.g., alfalfa, corn, potato, tomato, and wheat). Tomato-associated Clavibacter sp. strains account for a great portion of the genetic diversity of the genus, and C. michiganensis sensu stricto (formerly C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis), causing bacterial canker disease, is considered one of the most destructive seed-borne agents for the crop worldwide. However, current taxonomic descriptions of the genus do not reflect the existing diversity of the strains, resulting in unsatisfactory results in quarantine surveys for the pathogens. In this study, we used all the available genome sequences of Clavibacter sp. strains, including the type strains of newly described subspecies, to provide precise insight into the diversity of tomato-associated members of the genus and further clarify the taxonomic status of the strains using genotypic and phenotypic features. The results of phylogenetic analyses revealed the existence of nine hypothetical new species among the investigated strains. None of the three new subspecies (i.e., C. michiganensis subsp. californiensis, C. michiganensis subsp. chilensis, and C. michiganensis subsp. phaseoli) is included within the tomato-pathogenic C. michiganensis sensu stricto lineage. Although comparative genomics revealed the lack of chp and tomA pathogenicity determinant gene clusters in the nonpathogenic strains, a number of pathogenicity-related genes were noted to be present in all the strains regardless of their pathogenicity characteristics. Altogether, our results indicate a need for a formal taxonomic reconsideration of tomato-associated Clavibacter sp. strains to facilitate differentiation of the lineages in quarantine inspections. IMPORTANCE Clavibacter spp. are economically important bacterial plant pathogens infecting a set of diverse agricultural crops, such as alfalfa, corn, pepper, potato, tomato, and wheat. A number of plant-pathogenic members of the genus (e.g., C. michiganensis sensu stricto and C. sepedonicus, infecting tomato and potato plants, respectively) are included in the A2 (high-risk) list of quarantine pathogens by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Although tomato-associated members of Clavibacter spp. account for a significant portion of the genetic diversity in the genus, only the strains belonging to C. michiganensis sensu stricto (formerly C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) cause bacterial canker disease of tomato and are subjected to the quarantine inspections. Hence, discrimination between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic Clavibacter sp. strains associated with tomato seeds and transplants plays a pivotal role in the accurate detection and cost-efficient management of the disease. On the other hand, detailed information on the genetic contents of different lineages of the genus would lead to the development of genome-informed specific detection techniques. In this study, we have provided an overview of the phylogenetic and genomic differences between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic tomato-associated Clavibacter sp. strains. We also noted that the taxonomic status of newly introduced subspecies of C. michiganensis (i.e., C. michiganensis subsp. californiensis, C. michiganensis subsp. chilensis, and C. michiganensis subsp. phaseoli) should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Molecular Typing of Borrelia burgdorferiSensu Lato: Taxonomic, Epidemiological, and Clinical Implications

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiqing Wang ◽  
Alje P. van Dam ◽  
Ira Schwartz ◽  
Jacob Dankert
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Borrelia Lusitaniae ◽  
Dna Reassociation

SUMMARY Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the spirochete that causes human Lyme borreliosis (LB), is a genetically and phenotypically divergent species. In the past several years, various molecular approaches have been developed and used to determine the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity within the LB-related spirochetes and their potential association with distinct clinical syndromes. These methods include serotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, DNA-DNA reassociation analysis, rRNA gene restriction analysis (ribotyping), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid fingerprinting, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting analysis, species-specific PCR and PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and other conserved genes. On the basis of DNA-DNA reassociation analysis, 10 different Borrelia species have been described within the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia japonica, Borrelia andersonii, Borrelia valaisiana, Borrelia lusitaniae, Borrelia tanukii, Borrelia turdi, and Borrelia bissettii sp. nov. To date, only B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii are well known to be responsible for causing human disease. Different Borrelia species have been associated with distinct clinical manifestations of LB. In addition, Borrelia species are differentially distributed worldwide and may be maintained through different transmission cycles in nature. In this paper, the molecular methods used for typing of B. burgdorferi sensu lato are reviewed. The current taxonomic status of B. burgdorferi sensu lato and its epidemiological and clinical implications, especiallly correlation between the variable clinical presentations and the infecting Borrelia species, are discussed in detail.

Genetic variation in the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Southgate ◽  
Mark Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Data Support

The taxonomic status of and genetic diversity amongst extant populations of the greater bilby, Macrotis lagotis, were assessed using allozyme electrophoresis. A total of 47 bilbies sampled from three geographic areas and two captive colonies were screened for 42 loci, six of which were polymorphic. The results are consistent with the view that all extant populations represent a single biological species. All populations were genetically very similar (Nei D's 0.000 to 0.004) and overall levels of within-population genetic variability were low (Ho 0.004 � 0.004 to 0.0026 � 0.017). The allozyme data support the hypothesis that there has been no significant loss of variability in the captive colonies when compared to the species as a whole.

scholarly journals The Sabaki languages of Comoros

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
maurizio serva ◽  
michele pasquini
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The South ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Western Group

In this article we try to determine the internal and external cladistics of the four Bantu varieties in the Comoros archipelago. With internal cladistics we mean their mutual classification. Conventionally they are divided into two groups: the Eastern group composed of Shindzwani and Shimaore and the Western group composed of Shimwali and Shingazidja, our results point to a rather different classification.With external cladistics we mean the phylogenetic position of the Comorian languages with respect to the Sabaki and Makhuwa languages spoken along the South-Eastern coast of Africa. During the years consensus has been reached that Comorian Bantu languages belong to the Sabaki group, but they are different from Swahili, our findings confirm this conclusion.

scholarly journals The Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus

2015 ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Maksim Duškin ◽  
Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Western Group ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Linguistic Material

The Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpusThe Semantics Laboratory Team of Institute of Slavic Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences is planning to begin work on the creation of a Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus. The three selected languages are representatives of the main groups of Slavic languages: Bulgarian represents the southern group of Slavic languages, Polish – the western group of Slavic languages, Russian – the eastern group of Slavic languages. Our project will be the first parallel corpus of these three languages. The planned corpus will be based on material, dating from one period (the 20th century) and will have a synchronous nature. The project will not constitute the sum of the separate corpora of selected languages.One of the problems with creating multilingual parallel corpora are different proportions of translated texts between the selected languages, for example, Polish literature is often translated into Bulgarian, but not vice versa.Bulgarian, Russian and Polish differ typologically – Bulgarian is an analytic language, Polish and Russian are synthetic. The parallel corpus should have compatible annotation, while taking into account the characteristic features of the selected languages.We hope that the Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus will serve as a source of linguistic material of contrastive language studies and may prove to be a big help for linguists, translators, terminologists and students of linguistics. The results of our work will be available on the Internet.

scholarly journals Designation of the neotype of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), with full integrated redescription including mitogenome and nuclear ITS-2 sequences

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1076 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Silvia Andrade Justi ◽  
Carolina Dale
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
American Museum ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer

The taxonomic status of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) is, by far, the most discussed within Triatominae. Molecular studies have recovered at least three independently evolving lineages in T. dimidiata across its range. The original description of T. dimidiata (as Reduvius dimidiatus) included few taxonomic characters, and no types were assigned. To define and describe the cryptic diversity within T. dimidiata sensu lato (s.l.), a neotype must be designated. For this purpose, all 199 specimens identified as T. dimidiata from the collections of the Smithsonian Institution – National Museum of Natural History and the American Museum of Natural History, ranging from Peru to Mexico, were studied. Only one specimen (from Tumbes, Peru) matched the combination of characters as listed in the original description, and it is herein formally designated as the neotype for T. dimidiata. The neotype is morphologically described and DNA sequences of its whole mitochondrial genome and the nuclear second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2), commonly used in triatomine molecular systematics studies, are presented and compared to other publicly available sequences of T. dimidiata s.l. in GenBank. Our results suggest that T. dimidiata sensu stricto (s.s.) is somewhat rare and, therefore, unlikely to serve as a major vector of Chagas disease.

scholarly journals Expanded Diversity among CalifornianBorrelia Isolates and Description of Borrelia bissettii sp. nov. (Formerly Borrelia Group DN127)

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3497-3504 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Postic ◽  
N. Marti Ras ◽  
R. S. Lane ◽  
M. Hendson ◽  
G. Baranton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North American ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Atypical Strains

Up to now, the only species in the complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato known to cause Lyme borreliosis in the United States has been B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. However, some atypical strains closely related to the previously designated genomic group DN127 have been isolated in the United States, mostly in California. To explore the diversity of B. burgdorferi sensu lato group DN127, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the rrf-rrl intergenic spacer regions from 19 atypical strains (18 from California and one from New York) and 13 North American B. burgdorferi sensu stricto strains (6 from California). The spacer region sequences from the entire B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex available in data banks were used for comparison. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences shows that the main species of the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex (B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. andersonii,B. japonica, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto,B. valaisiana, and B. lusitaniae) each form a coherent cluster. A heterogeneous group comprising strains belonging to the previously designated group DN127 clustered separately fromB. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Within this cluster, the deep branches expressing the distances between the rrf-rrlsequences reflect a high level of divergence. This unexpected diversity contrasts with the monomorphism exhibited by B. burgdorferisensu stricto. To clarify the taxonomic status of this highly heterogeneous group, analysis of the rrs sequences of selected strains chosen from deeply separated branches was performed. The results show that these strains significantly diverge at a level that is compatible with several distinct genomic groups. We conclude that the taxonomy and phylogeny of North American B. burgdorferi sensu lato should be reevaluated. For now, we propose that the genomic group DN127 should be referred to as a new species,B. bissettii sp. nov., and that other related but distinct strains, which require further characterization, be referred to asBorrelia spp.

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