A natural orchestra: how are anuran choruses formed in artificial ponds in southeast Brazil?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina H.L. Duarte ◽  
Ernesto P. Caliari ◽  
Yasmin P. Viana ◽  
Luciana B. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Vocal Activity ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Abstract Choruses are commonly observed phenomena in both terrestrial and aquatic environments and are the product of species vocalizing contemporaneously usually at dawn and dusk. This study analyzes the composition and temporal distribution of anuran choruses at a recently built artificial pond in Southeast Brazil. Data were collected using Passive Acoustic Monitoring devices set to record 24-hours per day, seven days a month, throughout an entire year (October 2016 to September 2017). A total of eight species participated in the studied choruses: Boana albopunctata, Boana faber, Boana lundii, Phyllomedusa burmeisteri, Physalaemus cuvieri, Rhinella ornata, Rhinella diptycha and Scinax aff. perereca. The number of species, call emission rate, temperature, and humidity were all higher before midnight and during the rainy season. The species differed significantly in mean call rate by hour at which they sang. Boana faber and B. albopunctata were the species with the greatest vocal activity in both seasons, and were predominantly responsible for initiating choruses in the rainy season, while R. diptycha and B. lundii initiated choruses in the dry season. Anuran choruses started around 18:30 h during the rainy season and varied according to the time of sunset, while they started later in the dry season and were not correlated with sunset time. There was a positive correlation between the number of species calling and the call emission rate per month in both seasons. The results show that the choruses were correlated with climatic factors and that the species distributed their vocalizations over time, thus reducing acoustic overlap.

Climatology of aerosols over the Caribbean islands: aerosol types, synoptic patterns and transport

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Synoptic Patterns ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Aerosol Types

Abstract We present a climatological study of aerosols in four representative Caribbean islands based on daily mean values of aerosol optical properties for the period 2008- 2016, using the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Ångström Exponent (AE) to classify the dominant aerosol type. A climatological assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of the main aerosol types, their links with synoptic patterns and the transport from different sources is provided. Maximum values of AOD occur in the rainy season, coinciding with the minimum in AE and an increased occurrence of dust, while the minimum of AOD occurs in the dry season, due to the predominance of marine aerosols. Marine and dust aerosol are more frequent in the easternmost islands and decrease westwards due to an increasing of continental and mixture dust aerosols. Therefore, the westernmost station displays the most heterogeneous composition of aerosols. Using a weather type classification, we identify a quantifiable influence of the atmospheric circulation in the distribution of Caribbean aerosols. However, they can occur under relatively weak and/or diverse synoptic patterns, typically involving transient systems and specific configurations of the Azores High that depend on the considered station. Backward trajectories indicate that dry-season marine aerosols and rainy-season dust are transported by air parcels travelling within the tropical easterly winds. The main source region for both types of aerosols is the subtropical eastern Atlantic, except for Cuba, where the largest contributor to dry-season marine aerosols is the subtropical western Atlantic. Different aerosol types follow similar pathways, suggesting a key role of emission sources in determining the spatio-temporal distribution of Caribbean aerosols.

scholarly journals Ecology of Anopheles Mosquito Larvae in Different Ecological Zones in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Amankona Hinne ◽  
Simon Kwaku Attah ◽  
Benedicta Ayiedu Mensah ◽  
Akua Obeng Forson ◽  
Yaw Asare Afrane
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Breeding Habitats

Abstract Background: Understanding the ecology of larval malaria mosquitoes is important in a changing environment is important in developing effective control tools or programmes. This study characterized the breeding habitats of Anopheles mosquitoes in rural communities in different ecological zones in Ghana during the dry and rainy seasons.Methods: The spatio-temporal distribution, species composition, and abundance of larval Anopheles mosquitoes in breeding habitats were studied in 3 ecological zones of Ghana. These were Anyakpor (Coastal Savanna area), Duase (Forest area), Libga, Pagazaa, and Kpalsogu (Sahel Savanna area). Larvae were collected using standard dippers and were raised in the insectary for identification. Results: Out of a total of 7,984 mosquito larvae collected, 2,152 (27.26%) were Anophelines and were more abundant in the rainy season (70.82%) than in the dry season (29.18 %). The Anophelines were made up of 2,128 (98.88%) An. gambiae s.l., 16 (0.74%) An. rufipees and 8 (0.37%) An. pharoensis. In Anyakpor and Duase, dug-out wells were the most productive habitat in the dry (1.59 larvae/dip and 1.47 larvae/dip) and rainy seasons (11.28 larvae/dip and 2.05 larvae/dip). The most productive habitats in Kpalsogu were natural ponds in the dry season (0.89 larvae/dip) and swamps in the rainy season (2.57 larvae/dip). In Libga, the most productive habitats were drainage ditches in the dry season (0.30 larvae/dip) and furrows in the rainy season (1.83 larvae/dip). The most productive habitats in Pagazaa were puddles (1.44 larvae/dip). Anopheles coluzii was the most abundant sibling species in all the ecological zones except Libga in the sahel savannah area where An. gambiae s.s was the most abundant. Anopheles melas and An. arabiensis were encountered only in the coastal savannah and the sahel savanna areas respectively. Larval habitat types influenced the presence of larvae as well as larval densities (p < 0.001). The land-use type affected the presence of Anopheles larvae (p = 0.001), while vegetation cover influenced larval densities (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that the abundance of Anopheles breeding habitats and hence Anopheles larvae are closely associated with anthropogenic activities. Regulating such activities will lead to a significant reduction in Anopheles breeding habitats.

scholarly journals The relationship between the diamondback moth, climatic factors, cabbage crops and natural enemies in a tropical area

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gallo Sow ◽  
Karamoko Diarra ◽  
Laurence Arvanitakis ◽  
Dominique Bordat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The impact of abiotic and biotic factors (rainfall, temperature, host plant and natural enemies) on population dynamics of the Plutella xylostella L. diamondback moth was investigated. The experiments were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons for two years (June 2009-April 2011) on unsprayed cabbage plots in Malika (Senegal). Every 10 days, 10 cabbages were randomly selected. Plutella xylostella larvae, pupae and parasitoid cocoons were recorded on each plant. Before each sampling, the diameters and ages of plants were recorded. Temperature and rainfall were also recorded during this study. Larvae and pupae of P. xylstella were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. There was a negative correlation between temperature and P. xylostella populations, and a strong relationship between P. xylostella populations and the age of cabbages. Females oviposited on young cabbages where the presence of young larvae was important, whereas older immature stages were mainly found in older cabbage plants. Parasitoid populations were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. High temperatures did not increase the pest populations and parasitism rate. There was no effect found on pest, plants and natural enemies due to rainfall. There was a positive correlation between pest populations and parasitism. Four Hymenoptera species were found: Oomyzus sokolowskii, Apanteles litae, Cotesia plutellae and Brachymeria citrae, but they were not efficient to control the P. xylostella populations. These results are important for understanding the factors that promote or inhibit pest populations and their natural enemies, and therefore essential for effective crop protection.

scholarly journals INVENTARISASI AMFIBI RESORT CISARUA TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO BERDASARKAN MUSIM YANG BERBEDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Agus Pambudi Dharma ◽  
Meitiyani Meitiyani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
National Park ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Duttaphrynus Melanostictus ◽  
Dry Seasons

This study aims to inventory amphibians in the Cimisblung Resort Cisarua Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP) the rainy season and dry season. Amphibian data collection was carried out in February - August 2019 in and night (19.00 - 23.00 WIB) days using a visual encounter survey method along 500 meters with the river flow aquatic) and terrestrial among others, below the surface of litter, rock, weathered wood, and in the bush. Amphibians were to view and record their morphology, then matched the images with amphibian identification books. After the next step was identified, the amphibian was photographed for documentation. If amphibians are not identified in the field, the amphibians are taken to the Cibinong Zoology LIPI to be identified. The results obtained were 13 species (Leptobrachium haseltii, Megophrys montana, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Leptophyryne cruentata, Rhacoporus javanus, Philautus aurifasciatus,  dan Nycxtixalus margaritifer, Rana calconata, Huia masonii, Oddorana hosii, Limnonectes kuhlii, Fejevarya limnocharis, Fejevarya limnocharis, and Limnonectes microdiscus) with a difference in the number of species of 5 species between the rainy and dry seasons such as (Leptobrachium haseltii, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Leptophyryne cruentata, Philautus aurifasciatus, and Nycxtixalus margaritifer).

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE NORMALIZED DIFFERENTIAL VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI) AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CLIMATE PREDICTORS IN WETLANDS “LA TEMBLADERA” (ECUADOR)

Ekosistemy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
S. A. Llerena ◽  
A. I. Kurbatova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Dynamics Of Vegetation

Wetlands are considered critical ecosystems due to declining quality of their ecosystems services. Nevertheless, there have not been any climate related researched devoted to vegetation condition and biomass amount. Thus, this study examines the seasonal dynamics of vegetation and its correlations with climatic factors. This study is important for understanding of the regulatory function of this ecosystem during climate change. Two Landsat OLI8 images made in 2020 were analyzed. One image refers to the rainy season (April 12), and the other to the dry season (August 2). The radiometric and atmospheric corrections of the images and the determination of the boundaries of the study site (ROI) were developed in ENVI 5.3 program. The normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated with ENVI 5.3 program (histograms allowed to determine biomass), and with ArcGIS 10.3 (for classification index). The Pearson coefficient (r) and the Statistica software were applied to determine the correlations between the variables. The linear relationship between the NDVI, the amount of biomass and the climatic variables was identified. In the rainy season (April) with higher temperature and precipitation, the NDVI was >0.5 and the biomass was 372613.0 t in the major part of “la Tembladera”, while in the dry season (August) with a lower temperature and precipitation rate, both the NDVI (0.14–0.5) and the biomass (333856.95 t) decreased in a considerable area of the wetland. Consequently, the seasonal dynamics of vegetation and its biomass is caused by fluctuations in these climatic variables. Thus, the biomass increased during the rainy season (higher precipitation, temperature, and humidity). These results can be used to further modelling the effects of climate change in these ecosystems.

scholarly journals Micrometeorological environments and biodiversity in a closed forest and at a tree-fall gap in central Amazonia.

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Akio Tsuchiya ◽  
Akira Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Madeira River ◽  
The Difference

Micrometeorological parameters were measured in a closed forest (CF) and at a tree-fall gap (LG) near Novo Aripuanã, AM, along the Madeira River in dry season (August to September 2003) and rainy season (March 2004), and were compared to the number of species per family and the number of seedlings obtained from forest inventory. The daily averages of net radiation (W/m2) between CF and LG were 9.5:168.0 during dry season and 3.6:125.9 during rainy season, and these averages were influenced by the difference in shortwave radiation between the sites (CFPourouma, Parkia, Tachigalia, and Orbignya, meanwhile genera peculiar to closed forests (Protium, Chrysophyllum, Micropholis) were also found.

scholarly journals Composition and seasonal variation of the ichthyofauna from upper Rio Paraguaçu (Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil)

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara Santos ◽  
Érica Pellegrini Caramaschi
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Abiotic Variables

The aim of this work was to characterize the composition of the ichthyofauna of the upper course of the Rio Paraguaçu. Two excursions were carried out, one in the dry season, and the other in the rainy season, with 36 localities sampled. A total of 63 species were collected. Multivariate analyses indicated that abiotic variables such as the channel order and altitude were the main influences on the number of species present. The number of species in each excursion was equivalent in the two seasons, suggesting that seasonal changes have little influence on the ichthyofauna of this area.

scholarly journals BIODIVERSITY OF ZOOBENTHOS AT THE CA RIVER, VIETNAM

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Chien Nguyen Huy
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Ca River

A research on zoobenthos biodiversity was carried out from September 2004 to September 2006 at the Ca river (the length of Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces) showed a species composition consisted of 154 species, 115 genera, 72 families, 32 orders and 5 phyla, including Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Sipuncula. The results showed that a decreasing trend in the number of zoobenthos species from the fresh water area to the estuary of the Ca River. The largest number of species was shown in route 1 (Cua Hoi) with 89 species (nearly 44.7%). The lowest value of species number was seen at route 5 with 31 species (15.5%). The Crustacea group was the most predominant group, including 47 species. The H' and d indexes indicated a decreasing biodiversity level from route 5 (Hung Lam, H' = 0.9 and d = 0.75) to route 1 (Cua Hoi, H' = 2.32 and d = 1.96). The average number of zoobenthos density was 149 individuals per m2. The average value in dry season was higher than that in rainy season (151 individuals per m2 compared to 146 individuals per m2, respectively). In the dry season, the biological indexes changed mainly according to salinity and turbidity factors. Meanwhile, in rainy season, the variation of zoobenthos species related essentially to other factors, DO and salinity.

scholarly journals Physical-controlled CO<sub>2</sub> effluxes from reservoir surface in the upper Mekong River Basin: a case study in the Gongguoqiao Reservoir

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lin ◽  
Xixi Lu ◽  
Shaoda Liu ◽  
Kaidao Fu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Traditional Theory

Abstract. Impounding has greatly altered carbon cycle in rivers. To quantify this effect, we measured CO2 effluxes from a mountainous valley-type reservoir in the upper Mekong River (Lancang River in China) and compared with those from the pristine river channel. Evasion rates from reservoir surface was 408 mg m−2 d−1 and 305 mg m−2 d−1 in the dry season and rainy season respectively, much lower than those from river channel of 2168 mg m−2 d−1 and 374 mg m−2 d−1. Lower efflux in the rainy season deviated from the traditional theory that rainfalls can bring more organic carbon for mineralization and increase the efflux. The analysis found that efflux was closely related to the physical mixing process of inflow and reservoir water. The light overflow rich in CO2 in dry season contact the atmosphere directly and release more gases while the underflow in warm wet season leaved insufficient time for mineralization and hardly support high efflux in surface water. Evasion rate at the downstream of the dam was also limited due to surface water withdrawal. Lastly, the littoral zone was found to be a hotspot for CO2 emission despite its limited area leading to its negligible contribution in total annual emission rate. In contrast, diurnal efflux variability in the littoral zone indicates that the effluxes were significantly higher at night than in the daytime, which increased the annual emission rate to by a half.

scholarly journals Đa dạng sinh học hệ thực vật nổi ở vùng Duyên Hải, tỉnh Trà Vinh

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Le Thi Trang ◽  
Nguyen Van Tu ◽  
Tran Thi Lan Anh ◽  
Luong Duc Thien
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
High Density ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

This study was conducted to enhance the understanding of phytoplankton diversity of Duyen Hai town, Tra Vinh province. We selected 12 representative sampling sites and investigated phytoplankton diversity in both dry and rainy seasons. The phytoplankton of this area were comprised of 134 species, belonging to 64 genera, 45 families, 31 orders, 8 classes and 5 divisions. Among those divisions, Bacillariophyta was the most dominant in species, accounting for 70% of the total number of species and Cyanobacteria commonly had high density at 12 surveyed sites. The average density of phytoplankton was 1,195 cells/l in the rainy season and 2,020 cells/l in the dry season, respectively. For water bodies with the exchange of freshwater and marine water, the diversity is typically higher than in water bodies with purely freshwater or marine conditions.

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