Climatology of aerosols over the Caribbean islands: aerosol types, synoptic patterns and transport

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Synoptic Patterns ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Aerosol Types

Abstract We present a climatological study of aerosols in four representative Caribbean islands based on daily mean values of aerosol optical properties for the period 2008- 2016, using the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Ångström Exponent (AE) to classify the dominant aerosol type. A climatological assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of the main aerosol types, their links with synoptic patterns and the transport from different sources is provided. Maximum values of AOD occur in the rainy season, coinciding with the minimum in AE and an increased occurrence of dust, while the minimum of AOD occurs in the dry season, due to the predominance of marine aerosols. Marine and dust aerosol are more frequent in the easternmost islands and decrease westwards due to an increasing of continental and mixture dust aerosols. Therefore, the westernmost station displays the most heterogeneous composition of aerosols. Using a weather type classification, we identify a quantifiable influence of the atmospheric circulation in the distribution of Caribbean aerosols. However, they can occur under relatively weak and/or diverse synoptic patterns, typically involving transient systems and specific configurations of the Azores High that depend on the considered station. Backward trajectories indicate that dry-season marine aerosols and rainy-season dust are transported by air parcels travelling within the tropical easterly winds. The main source region for both types of aerosols is the subtropical eastern Atlantic, except for Cuba, where the largest contributor to dry-season marine aerosols is the subtropical western Atlantic. Different aerosol types follow similar pathways, suggesting a key role of emission sources in determining the spatio-temporal distribution of Caribbean aerosols.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3407
Author(s):  
Han-Sun Ryu ◽  
Heejung Kim ◽  
Jin-Yong Lee ◽  
Jiwook Jang ◽  
Sangwook Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial communities of karst water in Samcheok, Korea, and compared water quality results to identify the seasonal characteristics and hydrogeological connectivity of the study areas of Hamaengbang-ri, Gyogok-ri, Yeosam-ri, and the downtown area of Samcheok. Field survey and water quality analysis were performed in July 2019, February 2020, and April 2020. Hydrochemical analysis of karst water (groundwater and surface water) showed that most samples were comprised of Ca-HCO3 and that water–rock interactions were a dominant factor compared to precipitation and evaporation (crystallization). For seasonal characteristics, water–rock interactions appeared more active in the dry season than in the rainy season. Calcite weathering was dominant in the dry season, whereas dolomite weathering dominated the rainy season. Moreover, the saturation indexes for the dry and rainy seasons were less than and greater than 0, respectively, corresponding to an unsaturation (oversaturation) state; thus, white precipitate distributed in the study areas was deposited in the rainy season. Finally, as a result of analyzing the hydraulic characteristics between regions, hydrogeological similarities were identified between Hamaengbang-ri and Yeosam-ri, and between Gyogok-ri and downtown Samcheok, which suggested hydrogeological connectivity between each of the pairs.

Composition and spatio-temporal variation in the density of the Brachyura (Decapoda, Pleocyemata) in the rocky substrates of an Amazonian estuary

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (13) ◽  
pp. 1447-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila S. V. Nóbrega ◽  
Jussara M. Martinelli-Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Outer Estuary ◽  
Saline Zone

The present study investigated the composition, spatio-temporal distribution, and the influence of temperature and salinity on the density of brachyurans associated with rocky substrates in an estuary of the Brazilian Amazonian coast. Specimens were collected monthly at four sites representing the two margins (profiles), zones (inner and outer estuary) and the lower and upper mediolittoral portions at each site of the Marapanim estuary. A total of 14 species were collected and multivariate analyses revealed that the species composition varied systematically between zones, margins, mediolittoral sectors and seasons, with the more saline zone, the most eroded margin, the lower mediolittoral, and the rainy season all being characterized by higher densities and a more homogeneous distribution of species. In general, high densities of brachyurans, but low species richness, and marked dominance characterized the sites. Salinity proved to play an important role in the structuring of the community.

A natural orchestra: how are anuran choruses formed in artificial ponds in southeast Brazil?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina H.L. Duarte ◽  
Ernesto P. Caliari ◽  
Yasmin P. Viana ◽  
Luciana B. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Vocal Activity ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Abstract Choruses are commonly observed phenomena in both terrestrial and aquatic environments and are the product of species vocalizing contemporaneously usually at dawn and dusk. This study analyzes the composition and temporal distribution of anuran choruses at a recently built artificial pond in Southeast Brazil. Data were collected using Passive Acoustic Monitoring devices set to record 24-hours per day, seven days a month, throughout an entire year (October 2016 to September 2017). A total of eight species participated in the studied choruses: Boana albopunctata, Boana faber, Boana lundii, Phyllomedusa burmeisteri, Physalaemus cuvieri, Rhinella ornata, Rhinella diptycha and Scinax aff. perereca. The number of species, call emission rate, temperature, and humidity were all higher before midnight and during the rainy season. The species differed significantly in mean call rate by hour at which they sang. Boana faber and B. albopunctata were the species with the greatest vocal activity in both seasons, and were predominantly responsible for initiating choruses in the rainy season, while R. diptycha and B. lundii initiated choruses in the dry season. Anuran choruses started around 18:30 h during the rainy season and varied according to the time of sunset, while they started later in the dry season and were not correlated with sunset time. There was a positive correlation between the number of species calling and the call emission rate per month in both seasons. The results show that the choruses were correlated with climatic factors and that the species distributed their vocalizations over time, thus reducing acoustic overlap.

scholarly journals Diversity of Pseudoscorpiones (Arthropoda: Arachnida) in two fragments of dry tropical forest in the colombian Caribbean region

Caldasia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Eduardo Villarreal ◽  
Neis Martínez ◽  
Catalina Romero-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dry Tropical Forest ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Collection Methods

The Dry Tropical Forest (DTF) is one of the most diverse yet threatened biomes of Colombia. There is limited information about the richness of the order Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) in this ecosystem in the country. Pseudoscorpions are ecologically interesting, as they may be good indicators of habitat conservation. However, it is still necessary to gather more knowledge related to its spatio-temporal variation. In this study, pseudoscorpion diversity variation was assessed in two fragments of the Dry Tropical Forest in the Caribbean region of Colombian: Reserva Campesina La Montaña (RCM) and Reserva La Flecha (RLF). Four samplings were carried out between March and September of 2016 to include the dry and rainy season. Pseudoscorpions were collected using litter sifting (SL) and manual capture (MC). A total of 260 individuals belonging to five families and eight species were collected. The most abundant was Pachyolpium granulatum (Olpiidae) and the richest family was Chernetidae. The collection methods were effective and complementary. Spatial variation was significant, but no temporal variation was observed however, there was a marked difference between the abundance at RCM in the dry season and the rainy season. In contrast, at RLF most individuals were found in the dry season in comparison with the rainy season. These new faunistic data is the first of its order in the Atlántico and Bolívar department.

Use of encounter data to model spatio-temporal distribution patterns of endangered smalltooth sawfish,Pristis pectinata, in the western Atlantic

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Waters ◽  
Rui Coelho ◽  
Joana Fernandez-Carvalho ◽  
Amy A. Timmers ◽  
Tonya Wiley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Pristis Pectinata

scholarly journals Assessment of Air Pollution in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p38
Author(s):  
Bernard Tarza Tyubee ◽  
Grace Hembadoon Yiyeh ◽  
Monday Akpegi Onah
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Town Center ◽  
The Town ◽  
Mean Concentration

The study assessed the spatio-temporal and seasonal variation in the concentration of CO, NO2­, SO2 and PM10 in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. Data on the air pollutants were collected at four points between 8:00am-10:00am and 3:00pm-5:00pm daily, from 16th January to 24th February (dry season) and 5th June to 14th July (rainy season) in 2017 using Gasman hand-held gas monitors. Data were analysed using mean, coefficient of variation (CV) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed highest and lowest mean concentrations of CO of 21.86ppm (rainy season) and 17.00ppm (dry season) in the town center (Point 2, GBKC) and 2.46ppm (rainy season) and 2.45ppm (dry season) in the suburb (Point 1, YRA). The mean concentrations of CO, NO2 and SO2 were higher in rainy season, and the mean concentration of PM10 was higher in dry season, with the mean concentrations of NO2, SO2 and PM10 higher than the national acceptable levels in both seasons. The spatial variation in concentration of the air pollutants was significant with respect to land use/land cover types than seasons. There should be regular monitoring of air quality as the population and human activities increase in the town.

scholarly journals MODIS-Based Investigation of Flood Areas in Southern Cambodia from 2002–2013

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguon Vichet ◽  
Kensuke Kawamura ◽  
Dung Phan Trong ◽  
Nguyen Van On ◽  
Zhe Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In Cambodia and the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, floods commonly occur during the rainy season, and a better understanding of their spatio-temporal distribution is important for both disaster prevention and the improvement of agricultural production. This study investigated spatio-temporal flood inundation and land cover change from 2002 to 2013 in the southern part of Cambodia using Terra satellite on-board Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. The algorithm for flood inundation detection, WFFI (Wavelet-based Filter for detecting spatio-temporal changes in Flood Inundation) was used, and the parameters were modified to fit the present study. The estimated inundation areas were validated using eight Landsat images. In a comparison between the original and modified WFFIs, the modified WFFI (70–96%) exhibited better accuracy than the original WFFI (30–70%). Overall, the temporal change in the flood inundation area presented a decreasing trend, and a link to the in-situ observed water level showed a decreasing trend during the rainy season. Furthermore, the estimated flood inundation exhibited a significant delay since 2008. Based on the yearly land cover MODIS product, the permanent water body and wetland areas decreased, whereas the cropland areas increased. This was as a result of increased agricultural productivity. However, water shortage was the major obstacle to increasing agricultural productivity, and it also had a negative impact on aquatic ecology, such as fish spawning grounds.

scholarly journals Ecology of Anopheles Mosquito Larvae in Different Ecological Zones in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Amankona Hinne ◽  
Simon Kwaku Attah ◽  
Benedicta Ayiedu Mensah ◽  
Akua Obeng Forson ◽  
Yaw Asare Afrane
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Breeding Habitats

Abstract Background: Understanding the ecology of larval malaria mosquitoes is important in a changing environment is important in developing effective control tools or programmes. This study characterized the breeding habitats of Anopheles mosquitoes in rural communities in different ecological zones in Ghana during the dry and rainy seasons.Methods: The spatio-temporal distribution, species composition, and abundance of larval Anopheles mosquitoes in breeding habitats were studied in 3 ecological zones of Ghana. These were Anyakpor (Coastal Savanna area), Duase (Forest area), Libga, Pagazaa, and Kpalsogu (Sahel Savanna area). Larvae were collected using standard dippers and were raised in the insectary for identification. Results: Out of a total of 7,984 mosquito larvae collected, 2,152 (27.26%) were Anophelines and were more abundant in the rainy season (70.82%) than in the dry season (29.18 %). The Anophelines were made up of 2,128 (98.88%) An. gambiae s.l., 16 (0.74%) An. rufipees and 8 (0.37%) An. pharoensis. In Anyakpor and Duase, dug-out wells were the most productive habitat in the dry (1.59 larvae/dip and 1.47 larvae/dip) and rainy seasons (11.28 larvae/dip and 2.05 larvae/dip). The most productive habitats in Kpalsogu were natural ponds in the dry season (0.89 larvae/dip) and swamps in the rainy season (2.57 larvae/dip). In Libga, the most productive habitats were drainage ditches in the dry season (0.30 larvae/dip) and furrows in the rainy season (1.83 larvae/dip). The most productive habitats in Pagazaa were puddles (1.44 larvae/dip). Anopheles coluzii was the most abundant sibling species in all the ecological zones except Libga in the sahel savannah area where An. gambiae s.s was the most abundant. Anopheles melas and An. arabiensis were encountered only in the coastal savannah and the sahel savanna areas respectively. Larval habitat types influenced the presence of larvae as well as larval densities (p < 0.001). The land-use type affected the presence of Anopheles larvae (p = 0.001), while vegetation cover influenced larval densities (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that the abundance of Anopheles breeding habitats and hence Anopheles larvae are closely associated with anthropogenic activities. Regulating such activities will lead to a significant reduction in Anopheles breeding habitats.

scholarly journals Spatio Temporal Distribution of Anthrax in Sulawesi 2015-2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Titis Furi Djatmikowati ◽  
Dini Wahyu Yudianingtyas ◽  
Haeriah Haeriah
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Three among five Provinces (South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi and Gorontalo) in Sulawesi island, Indonesia are endemic area of anthrax disease. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamic of anthrax during 2015-2018 and identified risk area in Sulawesi. We determined case of anthrax disease from passive-active surveillance data Disease Investigation Center Maros (DIC Maros) during 2015-2018. Spatial distribution describe by mapping using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS), the temporal distribution describe using epidemic curve and we calculated the proportion of animal infected of anthrax. There were thirty-three cases of anthrax spreaded into three Provinces in Sulawesi, there were twenty one cases in South Sulawesi (63.6%), nine cases in Gorontalo (27.3%) and three cases West Sulawesi (9.1%). There were eleven cases (33.3%) in 2015, fifteen cases (45.5%) in 2016, four cases (12%) in 2017 and three cases (6%) in 2018. Anthrax occured respectively in dry season in South Sulawesi and Gorontalo, different with West Sulawesi anthrax occured in rainy season. The proportion of the animal infected were 87% in cattle, 7% in horse, 3% goat and 3% in deer. Vaccination of anthrax in South Sulawesi and Gorontalo should be conducted in May; in Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi in Februari.

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