Sequential and Temporal Properties of Behavior Induced By a Schedule of Periodic Food Delivery

Behaviour ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E.R. Staddon ◽  
Sandra L. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Food Delivery ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Sequential Patterns ◽  
Ongoing Activity ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Single Pellet ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Simple Proportion

AbstractI. Five hungry rats were exposed to a schedule of periodic food presentation, receiving a single pellet every 30 sec., in an apparatus that permitted drinking, running, and other activities. The development, extinction, and structure of behavior sequences under this regimen was studied in three experiments. 2. All the rats developed a stable pattern of behavior after twenty or so half-hour sessions. The modal pattern was drinking early in the interfood interval, running in the middle, and food anticipation at the end. This temporal pattern was associated with different sequential patterns in different individuals. 3. Elimination of opportunity to engage in one or more activities resulted in an increase in other activities, but the increase was not in simple proportion to their frequency under baseline conditions. 4. In the steady state the sequence of behaviors in each interval appeared to be determined by two main factors: (a) post-eating time, and (b) the "momentum" associated with an ongoing activity. Differences among individual rats appeared to be due largely to differences in the second factor.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Patient Satisfaction Regarding Nutrition Service And Hospital Length Of Stay With Food Waste In Covid–19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Budhi Setianto ◽  
Agus Aan Adriansyah ◽  
Umi Hanik ◽  
Difran Nobel Bistara
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Isolation Room ◽  
Nutrition Service

Patient satisfaction is one indicator of the success of food delivery in the hospital. In the condition of the Covid-19 patient, there are several symptoms which will affect the length of stay in the hospital so that the patient’s nutrition greatly affects the patient’s improvement. This study aims to determine the relationship between food serving satisfaction and length of stay on leftover food in Covid-19 patients. This study used a quantitative method with observational and cross-sectional research method in the isolation room of RSI Surabaya in July-September. The data were processed using chi square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between the satisfaction of serving food and leftovers (P= 0,000), while the length of stay in Covid-19 patients had no relationship with food waste (P= 0,517). There is a relationship between the satisfaction of the patient’s food presentation and the food waste, this shows that the better the patient’s assessment of the assessment of the food presentation, the are no food waste. Meanwhile, the length of stay of patient in the Covid-19 isolation room did not have a relationship with food waste so that the length of stay did not affect the food waste.

Begging behaviour and its energetic cost in great spotted cuckoo and magpie host chicks

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1794-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Soler ◽  
Juan J Soler ◽  
Juan G Martínez ◽  
Juan Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Clamator Glandarius ◽  
Begging Behaviour ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Main Factors

Begging is one of the main factors governing food delivery to chicks by adult birds and it is of great importance in studies of biological communication theory. Many theoretical models have been proposed to explain the evolution of this noisy and conspicuous behaviour, all of which assume that begging activity is energetically costly. We show that both great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius) brood-parasitic chicks and magpie (Pica pica) host chicks ceased to beg after ingesting enough food, and that great spotted cuckoo chicks emitted more begging calls and begged for much longer than did magpie chicks. Using the doubly labelled water method to measure the daily energy expenditure of begging and nonbegging chicks in the laboratory, we show that begging behaviour consumes only a small quantity of oxygen compared with other avian activities usually assumed to be energetically costly.

Auditory Training to Improve Speech Perception and Self-Efficacy in Aging Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1281
Author(s):  
Leah Fostick ◽  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler ◽  
Shelly Zokraut ◽  
Miriam Billig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Aging Adults

Purpose Difficulty in understanding spoken speech is a common complaint among aging adults, even when hearing impairment is absent. Correlational studies point to a relationship between age, auditory temporal processing (ATP), and speech perception but cannot demonstrate causality unlike training studies. In the current study, we test (a) the causal relationship between a spatial–temporal ATP task (temporal order judgment [TOJ]) and speech perception among aging adults using a training design and (b) whether improvement in aging adult speech perception is accompanied by improved self-efficacy. Method Eighty-two participants aged 60–83 years were randomly assigned to a group receiving (a) ATP training (TOJ) over 14 days, (b) non-ATP training (intensity discrimination) over 14 days, or (c) no training. Results The data showed that TOJ training elicited improvement in all speech perception tests, which was accompanied by increased self-efficacy. Neither improvement in speech perception nor self-efficacy was evident following non-ATP training or no training. Conclusions There was no generalization of the improvement resulting from TOJ training to intensity discrimination or generalization of improvement resulting from intensity discrimination training to speech perception. These findings imply that the effect of TOJ training on speech perception is specific and such improvement is not simply the product of generally improved auditory perception. It provides support for the idea that temporal properties of speech are indeed crucial for speech perception. Clinically, the findings suggest that aging adults can be trained to improve their speech perception, specifically through computer-based auditory training, and this may improve perceived self-efficacy.

The world and Russia: Inflation is minimal, economic growth is slowing, risks are rising

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Ershov ◽  
Anna S. Tanasova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Money Creation ◽  
Main Factors

Russian economy has reached the low level of inflation, but economic growth has not accelerated. Moreover, according to official forecasts, in the following years it will still be low. The article concludes that domestic demand, which is one of the main factors of growth, is significantly constrained by monetary, budgetary and fiscal spheres. The situation in the Russian economy is still hampered by the decline of the world economic growth. The prospects of financial markets are highly uncertain. This increases the possibility of crisis in the world. Leading countries widely use non-traditional measures to support their economies in the similar environment. In the world economy as well as in Russia a principally new combination of factors has emerged, which create specific features of economic growth. It requires special set of measures to stimulate such growth. The article proves that Russian regulators have large unused potential to stimulate growth. It includes monetization, long-money creation, budget and tax stimuli. It is important that the instruments, which will be used, should be based on domestic mechanisms. This will strengthen financial basis of the economy and may encourage economic growth. Some specific suggestions as to their use are made.

Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II

2008 ◽  
pp. 177-205
Author(s):  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the early years following World War II, the Lublin region was one of the most important centres of Jewish life. At the same time, during 1944-1946 it was the scene of anti-Jewish incidents: from anti-Semitic propaganda, accusation of ritual murder, economic boycott, to cases of individual or collective murder. The wave of anti-Jewish that lasted until autumn of 1946 resulted in a lengthy and, no doubt incomplete, list of 118 murdered Jews. Escalating anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war years was one of the main factors, albeit not the only one, to affect the demography (mass emigration) and the socio-political condition of the Jewish population in the Lublin region

HASTANELERİN HİZMET KALİTESİNİN HASTA TATMİN ÖLÇEĞİ İLE ÖLÇÜLMESİ: KARABÜK DEVLET HASTANESİNDE YATAN HASTALAR ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA THE MEASUREMENT SERVICE QUALITY OF THE HOSPITALS BY THE PATIENT SCALE: A RESEARCH ON THE PATIENTS IN KARABUK STATE HOSP

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Selçuk Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

It has been known that both in the world and in Turkey a continuous change has been experienced in the provision of health services in recent years. In this sense by adopting the customer(client) focused approach of either public or private sector hospitals; it has been seen that they are in the struggle for presenting a right, fast, trustuble, comfy service. The purpose of this research is to measure the satisfaction degree, expectations and perceptions of the patients in Karabük State Hospital through comparison. In this context, the patient satisfaction scale which has been developed as a result of literature review has been used and by this scale it has been tried to measure the satisfaction levels of the patients in terms of material and human factors which are the two main factors of the service that was presented. In the study, with the scales of Servqual and 0-100 Points together, in the part of the analysis MANOVA have been used. The expectations and the perceptions of the patient has been compared first by generally and then by separating to different groups according to the various criterias and in thisway it has been tried to be measured their satisfaction levels. According to the results that were obtained, although, the satisfaction levels of the patients who have taken service from Karabük State Hospital are high in terms of thedoctors and the nurses; it has been reached to the result that their satisfaction levels are low in terms of the materials that have been used at the presenting of the service and the management.

Aqueous Phase Diffusion in Crystalline Rock

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Bradbury ◽  
D. Lever ◽  
D. Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Radionuclide Transport ◽  
Fracture Networks ◽  
Phase Diffusion ◽  
Main Factors

One of the options being considered for the disposal of radioactive waste is deep burial in crystalline rocks such as granite. It is generally recognised that in such rocks groundwater flows mainly through the fracture networks so that these will be the “highways” for the return of radionuclides to the biosphere. The main factors retarding the radionuclide transport have been considered to be the slow water movement in the fissures over the long distances involved together with sorption both in man-made barriers surrounding the waste, and onto rock surfaces and degradation products in the fissures.

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