Genetic variability estimated with RAPD-PCR markers in two populations of Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from Argentina

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Lax ◽  
Juan Rondan Dueñas ◽  
Cristina Gardenal ◽  
Marcelo Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Knowledge of genetic variability within and between phytophagous nematode populations is important for the selection of suitable control strategies. The nematode Heterodera glycines is the most important pathogen of soybean in many producer countries, causing significant economic losses. The levels of variability were analysed in two populations of the nematode from Argentina, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers in order to evaluate the genetic population structure of this species. DNA was extracted from single females of race 1 and race 3 populations. Five primers were selected and 50 consistent fragments were considered for further analysis. Populations studied showed high levels of genetic diversity. Most of the total variation detected in allele frequencies was attributed to variability among individuals of the same population (83%) rather than inter-population differences (17%). None of the populations demonstrated exclusive bands. However, 68% of fragments showed significant differences in their allele frequencies. This study revealed an important degree of genetic differentiation between both populations, probably as a consequence of limited gene flow between them or because each population was under different management practices at its site of origin. Results herein represent the first analysis of genetic structure in H. glycines populations using RAPD-PCR technique.

scholarly journals Barriers to IPM adoption for insect pests in New Zealand pastures

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mansfield ◽  
Colin M. Ferguson ◽  
Toni White ◽  
Scott Hardwick ◽  
Sean D.G. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Share Information

New Zealand’s pastoral sector faces significant challenges to pest management as long-standing insecticides are deregistered. To protect their pastures, farmers need to shift from reactive responses that lead to poor economic outcomes to pre-emptive responses that are viable in the long term. Current management practices (insecticides, endophytes, biological control) for New Zealand’s pasture insect pests were assessed from the perspective of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Potential impacts from novel control strategies and emerging digital technologies were evaluated to determine how these could improve pest management. Cryptic IPM is present within the New Zealand pastoral sector: that is, farmers practise various elements of IPM but these elements are not integrated into a cohesive system, so farmers often fail to recognise pest impacts until significant economic losses have occurred. We identified important networks by which farmers, industry and researchers communicate and share information, and can develop strategies to raise awareness of IPM. To encourage adoption, farmers need to feel ownership of pasture IPM. Investment in IPM training for farmers through industry extension networks is essential to prepare farmers for the shift away from chemical insecticides to new biologically based control methods. Adoption of IPM will help pastoralists respond to current and new pest challenges.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Pantaneiro horse using RAPD-PCR markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Alves do Egito ◽  
Beatriz Helena Fuck ◽  
Concepta McManus ◽  
Samuel Rezende Paiva ◽  
Maria do Socorro Maués Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genic Diversity ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Blood samples were collected from Pantaneiro Horses in five regions of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso States. Arabian, Mangalarga Marchador and Thoroughbred were also included to estimate genetic distances and the existing variability among and within these breeds by RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction) molecular markers. From 146 primers, 13 were chosen for amplification and 44 polymorphic bands were generated. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the greatest portion of detected variability was due to differences between individuals within populations (75.47%). Analysis of the genetic variability between pairs of populations presented higher estimates for the five Pantaneiro populations with the Arabian breed, while lowest estimates were presented by pairs formed among the Pantaneiro populations with the Mangalarga Marchador. Highest genic diversity was shown by the Pantaneiro (0.3396), which also showed highest genetic distance with the Arabian and lowest with Mangalarga Marchador breed. UPGMA dendrogram showed distinct differences between naturalized (Pantaneiro and Mangalarga Marchador) and exotic (Arabian and Thoroughbred) breeds. In the dendrogram generated by UPGMA method, the similarity matrix generated by the Jaccard coefficient showed distinction between the naturalised breeds, Pantaneiro and Mangalarga Marchador, and the exotic breeds, Árab and English Thoroughbred. Results suggest that the Pantaneiro presents a higher genetic variability than the other studied breeds and has a close relationship with the Mangalarga Marchador.

scholarly journals Intra and inter populational genetic variability in Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss. 1861, through RAPD markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 957-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ. Mossi ◽  
RL. Cansian ◽  
O. Leontiev-Orlov ◽  
EM. Zanin ◽  
CH. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Maytenus Ilicifolia ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Anthropic Action

Maytenus ilicifolia is a medicinal plant largely used in the South Brazilian folk medicine. The aim of this study was to quantify the intra and inter populational genetic variability in three populations of M. ilicifolia, focusing on the genetic conservation of this species, which has been threatened by anthropic action. RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers were used to analyze 30 plants of each of the three populations collected in the Alto Uruguai Gaúcho region. Fourteen selected primers generated a total of 158 bands, 71.5% of which were polymorphic. The comparison of Jaccard’s distances showed that the intra populational variation was higher than the inter populational variability, and cluster analysis allowed the separation of the three populations. Just 7.6% of the bands were specific of at least two populations. Data indicate that the analyzed M. ilicifolia populations represent a single genetic pool, and therefore any of the population thoroughly can represent the overall genetic variability of the species in the sampled region.

scholarly journals RAPD/PCR AND PHAGE TYPING OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS ISOLATED FROM POULTRY AND FOOD POISONING OUTBREAKS

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
L.R. dos Santos ◽  
A.R. Ribeiro ◽  
S.D. de Oliveira ◽  
L.B. Rodrigues ◽  
M.L. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Rapd Pcr

ABSTRACT Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is an important pathogen, causing both food poisoning outbreaks in humans and economic losses to the poultry industry, being also widely spread in the environment. This work aimed to identify SE phage types and to standardize the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for evaluating SE isolates obtained from different origins. To do so, 238 SE strains were selected, of which 104 were isolated from broiler carcasses, 106 from food samples and human biological materials involved in food poisoning outbreaks and 28 from different poultry materials. Among these 238 SE isolates, 111 were phage typed, and 57.7% (64/ 111) corresponded to phage type (PT) 4, 32.4% (36/111) to PT 4a, 3.6% (4/111) to PT 6a and 0.9% (1/111) to PT 7, whereas 5.4% .6/111) of the strains were not typeable (RDNC, reacts but does not conform). After the standardization of amplification conditions, all 238 SE isolates were submitted to RAPD/PCR. Among these, 91.8% (217/238) were classified as pattern A. Twenty-one isolates were differentiated into four patterns and into seven subtypes with the use of primer 1254, and into four patterns and ten subtypes using primer OPB 17. The combination of phage typing and RAPD/PCR proved to be a useful tool in epidemiological investigations. RAPD/PCR can be easily used as a routine laboratory method, thus helping with the monitoring of SE isolates and contributing to the establishment of effective Salmonella Enteritidis control and preventive programs.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic variability among rabbit breeds by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR.

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
  Rangoju P.K. ◽  
Kumar S. ◽  
Kolte A.P. ◽  
Gulyani R. ◽  
Singh V.K.
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Pcr

scholarly journals Genetic variability among and within races of Heterodera glycines Ichinohe assessed by RAPD markers

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adailton T. da Silva ◽  
Júlio C.V. Penna ◽  
Luiz R. Goulart ◽  
Maria A. dos Santos ◽  
Neylson E. Arantes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity

Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) was detected in Brazil in 1992 and since then it has been causing losses to Brazilian soybean crop yields. SCN populations have great genetic diversity which makes it difficult to manage this disease. The objectives of this research were to investigate the genetic variation of 16 SCN populations sampled in middle western and southeastern Brazil, utilizing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques, and to establish useful and specific RAPD markers for SCN race 3. RAPD markers demonstrated genetic variability among and within SCN populations, and they could be used for monitoring nematode population dynamics. The OPA-07 primer was a reliable molecular marker for race 3, while electrophoretic profile analysis of DNA fragments amplified with OPA-10 primer detected slight variation within those populations identified as race 3. The SCN population from Chapadão do Céu, GO - sample 2 - was the most genetically distant from the other populations.

scholarly journals Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis to Determine the Genetic Variability among Virulent and Less Virulent Isolates of Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani Isolated from Infected Cotton Seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelmagid ◽  
Abdel-Moneim Amein ◽  
Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Hamdy E. Hares
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

Root-rot of cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important diseases in Upper Egypt. Isolation has been done from diseased cotton roots and seeds which were collected from 11 counties in Assiut province, Egypt. Identification procedures of the isolated fungi confirmed that the isolated fungi were for Fusarium solani, F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Thirty six isolates of Fusarium spp. and 10 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were tested for their pathogenicity on both Giza 80 and Giza 83 cotton seedlings to verify their virulence on seedlings. The pathogenicity test results have grouped the Fusarium spp. isolates into three groups; highly virulent that caused 91-100% mortalities; moderately virulent that caused 81-90% mortalities and low virulent that caused lower than 81.0%  mortalities. Data also shows that, in general Giza 80 cotton cultivar was more susceptible for infection with Fusarium spp. when compared with Giza 83 cotton cultivar. In case of Rhizoctonia solani, data revealed that the infection percentage was significantly affected by isolates while cotton cultivars had no significant influence on infection. Four 10-mer primers (1:6-d, 2:6-d, 4:6-d and 5:6-d) were used in RAPD-PCR to determine the genetic variability between six isolates, one virulent and one less virulent, of F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum and F. solani. Our results showed that the primer 2:6-d clearly separated F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum and F. solani and proved to be quite powerful in distinguishing the three different species and isolates of Fusarium spp.

Reduce Disease Burden of Human Schistosomiasis in Asia Through Biological Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1118-1132
Author(s):  
Sidra Saleem ◽  
Haroon Ahmed ◽  
Tooba Siddiqui ◽  
Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc ◽  
Aisha Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Near Future

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by a trematode blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma that belongs to the Schistosomatidae family. It is a neglected disease in different regions of Asia. In this review, 218 articles (between 2000 and 2017) related to the topic were collected from PubMed and Google scholar and reviewed. After thoroughly reading collected articles, due to irrelevant topic requirements, 94 articles were excluded. Articles that have data associated with Asian regions are considered. In Asia, the disease is prevalent in China, Philippines, Indonesia, Yemen, Nepal and Laos, etc. While in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, the disease is not endemic and very few cases were reported. The disease was eliminated from Japan and Iran. The current review highlights the geographical distribution among Asian countries, transmission patterns, diagnosis, control strategies based on the use of anthelmintic plants and management practices implemented in Asia for the control of schistosomiasis. However, new implementations to treat schistosomiasis in humans should be proved to eliminate the disease finally in the future. This review emphasizes the biological control of schistosomiasis for the eradication of the disease from Asia in the near future.

scholarly journals Oenological Potential of Autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Strains from the Greek Varieties of Agiorgitiko and Moschofilero

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kontogiannatos ◽  
Vicky Troianou ◽  
Maria Dimopoulou ◽  
Polydefkis Hatzopoulos ◽  
Yorgos Kotseridis
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Tolerance ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Autochthonous Yeast ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
H2s Production

Nemea and Mantinia are famous wine regions in Greece known for two indigenous grape varieties, Agiorgitiko and Moschofilero, which produce high quality PDO wines. In the present study, indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains were isolated and identified from spontaneous alcoholic fermentation of Agiorgitiko and Moschofilero musts in order to evaluate their oenological potential. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) recovered the presence of five distinct profiles from a total of 430 yeast isolates. The five obtained strains were evaluated at microvinifications trials and tested for basic oenological and biochemical parameters including sulphur dioxide and ethanol tolerance as well as H2S production in sterile grape must. The selected autochthonous yeast strains named, Soi2 (Agiorgitiko wine) and L2M (Moschofilero wine), were evaluated also in industrial (4000L) fermentations to assess their sensorial and oenological characteristics. The volatile compounds of the produced wines were determined by GC-FID. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of using Soi2 and L2M strains in industrial fermentations for Agiorgitiko and Moschofilero grape musts, respectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mastitis in Nigerian livestock: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Hussaini Ojagefu Adamu ◽  
Rahimat Oshuwa Hussaini ◽  
Cedric Obasuyi ◽  
Linus Irefo Anagha ◽  
Gabriel Oscy Okoduwa
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMastitis is a disease of livestock that directly impede livestock production and thus hindering the socio-ecological development of sub-Saharan Africa. Studies have estimated the prevalence of this disease in 30% of Africa countries, with Ethiopia having the highest prevalence. The coverage is low, despite the wide livestock and dairy farms distribution in Africa. Furthermore, estimated economic losses due to the impact of mastitis are lacking in Nigeria. The disease is endemic in Nigeria as indicated by the available data and there are no proposed management plans or control strategies. This review is thus presented to serve as a wakeup call to all parties involved to intensify efforts towards the diagnosis, control, and management of the disease in Nigeria.

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